Seismic imaging of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs     

J. J. O'Brien  I. Lerche 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,127(1):33-61

This paper examines those aspects of reflection seismology which require special consideration when imaging deeper hydrocarbon reservoirs, including the constraints imposed by vertical resolution, lateral resolution, and velocity analysis. We derive quantitative expressions relating the uncertainties in stacking velocities and in interval velocities derived from stacking velocities to acquisition parameters, as well as expressions for the lateral resolution which can theoretically be achieved for migrated seismic images. This analysis shows that the most significant limitations of seismic imaging at depth involve the finite lateral resolution of the seismic method, and the proper lateral positioning of seismic images. These difficulties are overcome in large measure through the proper migration of a seismic dataset, which becomes more critical as deeper horizons are imaged. If these horizons are suspected of having significant 3-D structure, a strong argument may be made for acquiring a 3-D seismic survey over the prospect. Migration of this dataset will then generate an image of the subsurface with good lateral resolution in both the X and Y directions.  相似文献   

Seismic wave attenuation in fluid-saturated porous media     

James G. Berryman 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,128(1-2):423-432

Contrary to the traditional view, seismic attenuation in Biot's theory of fluid-saturated porous media is due to viscous damping of local (not global) pore-fluid motion. Since substantial inhomogeneities in fluid permeability of porous geological materials are to be expected, the regions of highest local permeability contribute most to the wave energy dissipation while those of lowest permeability dominate the fluid flow rate if they are uniformly distributed. This dichotomy can explain some of the observed discrepancies between computed and measured attenuation of compressional and shear waves in porous earth. One unfortunate consequence of this result is the fact that measured seismic wave attenuation in fluid-filled geological materials cannot be used directly as a diagnostic of the global fluid-flow permeability.  相似文献   

Calculated and observed seismic behaviour of exposed upper mantle     

Alba Zappone 《Surveys in Geophysics》1994,15(5):619-642

In order to determine the seismic properties of rocks representing the continental crust/upper mantle transition, a structural and petrographical study of peridotites of the Ivrea-Verbano zone (N. Italy) has been undertaken. The seismic behaviour (Vp, Vs, birefringence, orientation of the fast shear-wave polarisation plane) has been calculated from the modal composition of rock samples, together with the crystallographic preferred orientation and the single crystal elastic constants, using the methods of Mainprice (1990). It is shown that the intrinsic anisotropy of peridotites is mainly due to the lattice preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine and to the competing effects due to the LPO of orthopyroxene. If present, well-oriented hydrous phases such as phlogopite, leads to both P- and S-waves velocities becoming drastically reduced, but the anisotropy and the S-wave splitting (mainly on the foliation plane) is increased. An attempt has been made to apply this petrologic and microstructural approach to understand the seismic properties of ultramafic rocks with the aid of a mobile seismic network set up in the Ivrea-Verbano zone. Five recording units with 3-component geophones were installed on the most representative lithologies of the Ivrea-Verbano zone: kinzigites, gabbros, stronalites, and on metapelites of the adjacent outcrop of the Serie dei Laghi. During five months the seismic network recorded 49 events that were mainly regional earthquakes. The preliminary analysis of the first arrival revealed a high-velocity anomaly near the Finero ultramafic massif. Rough calculations indicated that this anomaly could be due to a shallow-depth, peridotitic body about six kilometres thick. S-wave polarisation analysis was carried out on the horizontal components of the seismograms of four regional earthquakes that showed a first arrival propagating almost vertically at the recording sites. Four earthquakes were chosen in order to reconstruct the orientation of the polarisation plane of the shear phases. The preliminary results of this analysis have shown a qualitatively good agreement between the orientation of the polarisation plane of the fast shear-wave and the strike of the foliation at the station near Finero, located on kinzigites of the Ivrea-Verbano zone, although the relationships between the local structural setting and the polarisation orientations at the other recording sites is not yet so clear.  相似文献   

What has seismic missed?     

Gordon Kaufman 《Natural Resources Research》1994,3(4):304-314

The relative efficiencies of alternative geometric patterns of both discrete borehole and continuous grid line search have been extensively discussed in the mathematical geology literature. However, an equally important problem has received virtually no attention: How to use a sample of properties of geologic anomalies detected by grid line search of a region to estimate systematically both the number and size distribution of geologic anomalies missed by the search. We show how estimation methods developed in the sample survey design literature can be adapted to this problem, and we apply these methods to data describing 94 anomalies identified by a seismic reconnaissance survey.  相似文献   

独龙江流域的地震地质环境     

张俊昌  陈光曙 《云南地理环境研究》1995,7(2):39-56

本文利用青藏高原东南边缘及其与印缅山弧交接地带的地震活动性、新构造运动以及地震构造特征等研究成果和实地考察资料，借以分析并初步阐明独龙江流域的地质地质环境，为该区的自然资源开发利用和地震地质灾害预测提供一些实际资料。  相似文献   

辽宁及其邻区1900—1949年M≥5级地震参数研究     

蒋秀琴  王亚会 《东北地震研究》1993,(3)

我们搜集了国际国内地震台网资料、宏观考察资料、地震专题研究报告,对1900—1949年5级以上地震全部进行了核查,重新进行定位处理,并结合宏观考察资料和前人工作成果进行分析研究,得到较为准确的震中位置。通过这项研究,增补了原目录中遗漏的地震,并对目录中的错误进行了修正,从而得到一份较为完整可靠的地震目录。  相似文献   

石油物探技术的进展   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

马在田  徐仲达 《地球物理学进展》1993,8(3):29-44

概括地论述了石油物探技术在80年代的新进展.与70年代相比,80年代石油地球物理勘探技术取得了前所未有的成就;同时,也存在不少亟待解决的问题,且难度相当大.这些问题正是90年代所面临的研究课题.  相似文献   

用平面波延拓方程进行地震数据的叠前速度反演   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

王天禧 《地球物理学报》1993,36(3):388-395

本文讨论地震勘探数据的叠前速度反演方法及其在海洋地震勘探数据上的反演试验.反演主要的计算步骤是:1.采用Fourier-Hankel变换把球面波分解为平面谐波;2.用平面谐波的延拓方程将上行波与下行波同时向下延拓,并计算每一层底部的反射系数和下一层的波阻抗;3.用最小二乘法从波阻抗中确定该层的声波速度.重复第2步与第3步,直到某一预定深度时结束.通过反演试验,对地震振幅比例的改变,子波变形,以及第1层速度和密度的误差对反演方法的稳定性及其精度的影响进行了分析.还通过实际海洋地震勘探数据的反演试验,对这一方法在地震勘探中的应用前景作了论述.  相似文献   

地震层析地球内部密度分布横向不均匀研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

傅容珊  黄建华  刘文忠 《地球物理学报》1993,36(6):740-752

本文使用Woodhouse和Dziewonski等分别用S波和P波层析分析提供的,以670km深度为分界的上地幔和下地幔地震波传播所反映出的横向不均匀的球谐函数系数,假定地幔内部密度与正常水平的偏离分别与P波和S波的速度V_p和V_s成比例（下地幔δρ=γδV_p,上地幔δρ=σδV_S²）,并用一组新的球谐函数系数表示全地幔密度分布模型.计算结果表明:1.比例系数γ=0.199,σ=3.13×10^-5时,该全地幔密度模型可以70％恢复Dziewonski提供的下地幔密度模型,50％恢复Woodhouse提供的上地幔密度模型.合成密度分布基本上反映了分别由P波和S波速度异常所提供的地幔密度分布特征;2.所有穿过太平洋中部的剖面均明显地显示出一个低密度异常从地表一直延伸到核-幔边界;3.所有大陆下部均存在一个高密度异常区,而且深入到1200-1300km深度处;4.由密度异常的正、负交替基本上将部分地区地幔分成为3层,其深度依次为:第1层25-1300km左右,第2...  相似文献   

帕米尔-兴都库什地区地震空间分布特征及应力场特征   总被引：4，自引：6，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

宁杰远  臧绍先 《地球物理学报》1990,33(6):657-669

本文研究了兴都库什及帕米尔地区地震的空间分布.发现h<70km的地震分布广泛,h≥100km的地震形成-S形的倾斜中源地震带.在71.5°E以西,中源地震带倾向接近正北,倾角随深度变化,在深部接近垂直,且倾角自西向东逐渐变陡,在71.5°E以东,倾向逐渐由东南变为正南. 分析了121个m_b≥5.0地震的机制解.浅源地震机制解的P轴大多位于NS和NNW-SSE方向,且多近水平,反映此区受到NS或NNW-SSE方向挤压.各剖面应力轴分布规律性强,在150km以下,总的趋势是机制解的T轴接近于倾斜的中源地震带的下倾方向,而P轴倾角较小且垂直于倾斜的中源地震带的走向.  相似文献