The M_W = 6.3 2003 Lefkada earthquake (Greece) and induced stress transfer changes     

P. Papadimitriou  G. Kaviris  K. Makropoulos 《Tectonophysics》2006,423(1-4):73

A large earthquake of magnitude M_W = 6.3 occurred on 14 August 2003 NW of the Lefkada Island, which is situated at the Ionian Sea (western Greece). The source parameters of this event are determined using body-wave modeling. The focal depth was found equal to 9 km, the constrained focal mechanism revealed dextral strike–slip motion (φ = 15°, Δ = 80° and λ = 170°), the duration of the source time function was 8 s and the seismic moment 2.9 × 10²⁵ dyn cm. The earthquake occurred close to the northern end of the Kefallinia transform fault, where the 1994 moderate event and its aftershock sequence were also located. The epicentral distribution of the 2003 aftershock sequence revealed the existence of two clusters. The first one is located close to the epicentral area of the mainshock, while the second southern, close to the northwestern coast of the Kefallinia Island. A gap of seismicity is observed between the two clusters. The length of the activated zone is approximately 60 km. The analysis of data revealed that the northern cluster is directly related to the mainshock, while the southern one was triggered by stress transfer caused by the main event.  相似文献   

Seismicity, deformation and seismic hazard in the western rift of Corinth: New insights from the Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL)   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

P. Bernard  H. Lyon-Caen  P. Briole  A. Deschamps  F. Boudin  K. Makropoulos  P. Papadimitriou  F. Lemeille  G. Patau  H. Billiris  D. Paradissis  K. Papazissi  H. Castarde  O. Charade  A. Nercessian  A. Avallone  F. Pacchiani  J. Zahradnik  S. Sacks  A. Linde 《Tectonophysics》2006,426(1-2):7

This paper presents the main recent results obtained by the seismological and geophysical monitoring arrays in operation in the rift of Corinth, Greece. The Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL) is set up near the western end of the rift, where instrumental seismicity and strain rate is highest. The seismicity is clustered between 5 and 10 km, defining an active layer, gently dipping north, on which the main normal faults, mostly dipping north, are rooting. It may be interpreted as a detachment zone, possibly related to the Phyllade thrust nappe. Young, active normal faults connecting the Aigion to the Psathopyrgos faults seem to control the spatial distribution of the microseismicity. This seismic activity is interpreted as a seismic creep from GPS measurements, which shows evidence for fast continuous slip on the deepest part on the detachment zone. Offshore, either the shallowest part of the faults is creeping, or the strain is relaxed in the shallow sediments, as inferred from the large NS strain gradient reported by GPS. The predicted subsidence of the central part of the rift is well fitted by the new continuous GPS measurements. The location of shallow earthquakes (between 5 and 3.5 km in depth) recorded on the on-shore Helike and Aigion faults are compatible with 50° and 60° mean dip angles, respectively. The offshore faults also show indirect evidence for high dip angles. This strongly differs from the low dip values reported for active faults more to the east of the rift, suggesting a significant structural or rheological change, possibly related to the hypothetical presence of the Phyllade nappe. Large seismic swarms, lasting weeks to months, seem to activate recent synrift as well as pre-rift faults. Most of the faults of the investigated area are in their latest part of cycle, so that the probability of at least one moderate to large earthquake (M = 6 to 6.7) is very high within a few decades. Furthermore, the region west to Aigion is likely to be in an accelerated state of extension, possibly 2 to 3 times its mean interseismic value. High resolution strain measurement, with a borehole dilatometer and long base hydrostatic tiltmeters, started end of 2002. A transient strain has been recorded by the dilatometer, lasting one hour, coincident with a local magnitude 3.7 earthquake. It is most probably associated with a slow slip event of magnitude around 5 ± 0.5. The pore pressure data from the 1 km deep AIG10 borehole, crossing the Aigion fault at depth, shows a 1 MPa overpressure and a large sensitivity to crustal strain changes.  相似文献   

Seismicity wedge beneath the Upper Rhine Graben due to backwards Alpine push?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jean-Bernard Edel  Hubert Whitechurch  Marc Diraison 《Tectonophysics》2006,428(1-4):49-64

The distribution of hypocentres in the Upper Rhine Graben area is re-examined, and discussed with respect to the present day tectonic framework. Most earthquakes occur within a N60° striking wedge, located on top of a Moho dome. This wedge is limited by the surface and at depth, by a plane which, in the south of the dome, coincides with the SE dipping Conrad discontinuity. In depth, the seismicity shows a normal distribution the maximums of which are located on a surface dipping 6° towards SE, parallel to the south-eastward dipping Conrad and Moho. This surface outcrops along the north-western edge of the uplifted crystalline Vosges and Black-Forest. The main shocks in earthquake swarms in the region often occur in the vicinity of this surface and along pre-existing N–S to NE–SW Variscan or Tertiary faults and show focal mechanisms of strike-slip. In contrast, part of the aftershocks show focal mechanisms of reverse faulting associated with SE–NW striking compression. The seismic wedge and the north-westward rising seismic surface suggest initiation of crustal ramp, which starts at the south-eastern rim of the Conrad dome and which may become a thrust plane if SE–NW compression continues. In the south-eastern edge of the graben and above the south-eastern ridge of the Moho dome, where evidences for extension have been found, we identify clustering of hypocentres along a surface that strikes N150°, parallel to the main compression and dipping towards NE. Dominant normal faulting mechanisms along this surface suggests initiation of a normal, probably listric fault. At depth, the onset of the future fault plane is located on top of the NW–SE striking ridge of the lower crust and Moho, which act as a an indenter. In addition to thrusting of the whole wedge towards NW, increasing of NW–SE compression would lead to the formation of a half graben at the place of the present Sierentz depression.  相似文献   

Spatial moments for colloid-enhanced radionuclide transport in heterogeneous aquifers     

Gerardo Severino  Vladimir Cvetkovic  Antonio Coppola 《Advances in water resources》2007

We consider colloid facilitated radionuclide transport by steady groundwater flow in a heterogeneous porous formation. Radionuclide binding on colloids and soil-matrix is assumed to be kinetically/equilibrium controlled. All reactive parameters are regarded as uniform, whereas the hydraulic log-conductivity is modelled as a stationary random space function (RSF). Colloid-enhanced radionuclide transport is studied by means of spatial moments pertaining to both the dissolved and colloid-bounded concentration. The general expressions of spatial moments for a colloid-bounded plume are presented for the first time, and are discussed in order to show the combined impact of sorption processes as well as aquifer heterogeneity upon the plume migration. For the general case, spatial moments are defined by the aid of two characteristic reaction functions which cannot be expressed analytically. By adopting the approximation for the longitudinal fluid trajectory covariance valid for a flow parallel to the formation bedding suggested by Dagan and Cvetkovic [Dagan G, Cvetkovic V. Spatial Moments of Kinetically Sorbing Plume in a Heterogeneous Aquifers. Water Resour Res 1993;29:4053], we obtain closed form solutions.  相似文献   

A locally conservative variational multiscale method for the simulation of porous media flow with multiscale source terms     

Ruben Juanes  Francois-Xavier Dub 《Computational Geosciences》2008,12(3):273-295

We present a variational multiscale mixed finite element method for the solution of Darcy flow in porous media, in which both the permeability field and the source term display a multiscale character. The formulation is based on a multiscale split of the solution into coarse and subgrid scales. This decomposition is invoked in a variational setting that leads to a rigorous definition of a (global) coarse problem and a set of (local) subgrid problems. One of the key issues for the success of the method is the proper definition of the boundary conditions for the localization of the subgrid problems. We identify a weak compatibility condition that allows for subgrid communication across element interfaces, a feature that turns out to be essential for obtaining high-quality solutions. We also remove the singularities due to concentrated sources from the coarse-scale problem by introducing additional multiscale basis functions, based on a decomposition of fine-scale source terms into coarse and deviatoric components. The method is locally conservative and employs a low-order approximation of pressure and velocity at both scales. We illustrate the performance of the method on several synthetic cases and conclude that the method is able to capture the global and local flow patterns accurately.  相似文献   

大华北M≥4(3/4)地震阶段性相对同步活动特征及其意义          下载免费PDF全文

夏浩明 《地球物理学报》1987,30(3):281-291

大华北M≥4(3/4)地震的纵向活动,除了活动期和活动幕以外,其间还存在一个特征活动时段--活动阶段。一个活动期由三个活动阶段组成:预释放（预破裂）、准释放（准破裂）和大释放（大破裂）阶段。一个活动阶段包括三个以上活动幕。对整个大华北来说,三者均有普遍意义;对大华北内分区分带来说,活动期和活动阶段较有普遍意义,活动幕不具普遍意义。我们称活动阶段的普遍意义为阶段性相对同步活动特征,即对每一活动阶段,各分区分带在此阶段内都将先后发生相应的破坏性地震活动,它对判断大华北地震活动趋势和主要危险区具有重要意义。  相似文献   

The depth of the deepest historical earthquakes     

Beth A. Rees  Emile A. Okal 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1987,125(5):699-715

We useP andS times listed in the International Seismological Summary to relocate 23 historical earthquakes (1927–1963) reported as occurring at or below 670 km. In all cases, our relocated hypocenters are shallower than the starting depths; furthermore, all events converge to 691 km or less, with a precision estimated at ±10 km. This study upholds the results of Stark and Frohlich, who had usedpP–P times of post-WWSSN earthquakes to constrain reliable hypocentral depths to no greater than 684 km. In particular, we reject Rothé's claim that a 1963 event in the vicinity of New Guinea occurred at a depth of more than 780 km.  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000613     

Yangfan Deng  Zhongjie Zhang  Weiming Fan  Marta Perez-Gussinye 《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,5(2):193-203

The effective elastic thickness （Te） represents the thickness of the elastic layer or the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere, the equivalent of which can be calculated from the spectral analysis of gravity and topographic data. Studies of Te have profound influence on intracontinental deformation, and coupling of the tectonic blocks. In this paper, we use the multitaper spectral estimation method to calculate the coherence between Bouguer gravity and topography data, and to obtain the Te map of South China. Through the process of correction, we discuss the relationships of Te versus heat flow, and Te versus seismicity. The results show that Te distribution of South China is affected by three factors：the original age, which controls the basic feature;the Mesozoic evolution, which affects the Te distribution;and the neotectonic movement, which shaped the final distribution. The crust age has a positive correlation with the first-order Te distribution;thus the Yangtze Craton has a relatively higher Te （about 50 km） whereas the Te in Cathaysia block is only 10e20 km. By analysis and comparison among the tectonic models of South China, the Te distribution can be well explained using the flat-subduction model. As is typical with neotectonics, the region with a higher heat flow is related with a lower Te. The seismicity does not have a clear relationship with Te, but the strong seismicity could cause a low Te. Seismogenic layer （Ts） has a similar trend as Te in the craton, whereas in other areas the relationship is complex.  相似文献   

应力扰动对断层摩擦声发射活动影响的实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

马胜利  缪阿丽  黄元敏 《地震工程学报》2011,33(1):1-8,19

利用中尺度岩石摩擦实验开展了应力扰动对断层摩擦滑动过程中声发射活动影响的实验研究,据此讨论同震应力变化引起的小震活动特征及其预测意义.实验结果表明方波状应力扰动对粘滑失稳前的声发射活动有明显影响,即触发了一些声发射事件,使得粘滑发生前声发射活动增强并使出现的时间提前.这种影响随平均正应力的提高和扰动振幅的增大而增强,其...  相似文献   

基于自组织临界现象的中期地震预报算法研究          下载免费PDF全文

兰从欣  郭大庆  石特临 《地震工程学报》1997,19(1):5-14

在自组织临界现象，几何相变等物理理论的基础上，开发研究了基于自组织临界现象的中期地震预报算法，提出并定义了自组织临界行为的结构强度，简称ＧＳＩ值，ＣＳＩ值是反映地震活动的一个综合指标，其变化较好地反映了地震活动演化进程，ＣＳＩ值是反映地震活动的一个综合指标，其变化较好地反映了地震活动演化进程。对多个震例的研究表明，大地震发生前结构强度ＣＳＩ值存在一个增大的过程，这和理论结果基本一致，利用演化图和时  相似文献