西藏普莫雍错介形类反映的中晚全新世以来湖面波动与环境变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

彭萍  朱立平  鞠建廷  Peter Frenzel  Claudia Wrozyna 《气候变化研究进展》2012,(5):25-32

西藏普莫雍错位于喜马拉雅山脉印度季风雨影区,主要由冰川融水补给。根据湖泊的等深线分布和主要补给河流的入湖路径,对采自普莫雍错1～62 m水深范围的表层沉积物介形类和相关水环境参数进行了分析。结果表明,普莫雍错表层沉积物中含有7属9种介形类,其分布主要受湖泊水深、pH值、温度和光合有效辐射等环境因子的影响。介形类与水环境因子的降维对应分析、典型对应分析结果显示,水深是影响表层沉积物介形类分布的最重要的环境因子,用偏最小二乘法加权平均回归与校正模型建立的介形类-水深转换函数具有较高的精度与可靠性。利用此转换函数模型和一个72 cm长重力湖芯的介形类属种分析结果,定量重建了湖泊水深波动历史。湖面波动与湖芯的总有机碳、总无机碳、粒度等代用指标比较结果表明,普莫雍错6.0 kaBP以来的环境变化具有6.0～4.3 kaBP的温凉浅湖面期、4.3～2.0 kaBP温暖的湖面波动期及2.0 kaBP以来温暖的湖面扩张期。  相似文献   

2006—2011年西藏纳木错湖冰状况及其影响因素分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

曲斌  康世昌  陈锋  张拥军  张国帅 《气候变化研究进展》2012,(5):18-24

湖冰是气候变化的指示器,为分析纳木错地区气候对湖冰冰情的影响,利用2006—2011年西藏纳木错(面积2000km2)和白马纳木错(面积1.45 km2)湖冰的观测资料,结合MODIS遥感影像资料分析了两个湖泊完全冻结日期、完全解冻日期、封冻期、湖冰厚度的状况及其与气温和风速的关系。纳木错湖湖冰冰情主要受气温的影响,同时也受风速的影响。纳木错湖的完全冻结日期集中在2月,完全解冻日期在5月中旬,封冻期平均天数为90 d,封冻期与冬季负积温具有较好的对应关系。面积较小的白马纳木错冰情的年际波动较大,其平均封冻期为124 d。纳木错湖的最大冰厚一般出现在3月,其厚度为58~65 cm。  相似文献   

Two Cu–Co sulfide phases and contrasting fluid systems in the Katanga Copperbelt, Democratic Republic of Congo     

Hamdy A. El Desouky  Philippe Muchez  Jacques Cailteux 《Ore Geology Reviews》2009,36(4):315-332

The Katanga Copperbelt is the Congolese part of the well-known Central African Copperbelt, the largest sediment-hosted stratiform Cu–Co province on Earth. Petrographic examination of borehole samples from the Kamoto and Luiswishi mines in the Katanga Copperbelt recognized two generations of hypogene Cu–Co sulfides and associated gangue minerals (dolomite and quartz). The first generation is characterized by fine-grained Cu–Co sulfides and quartz replacing dolomite. The second generation is paragenetically later and characterized by coarse-grained Cu–Co sulfides and quartz overgrown and partly replaced by dolomite. Fluid inclusion microthermometric data were collected from two different types of fluid inclusions: type-I fluid inclusions (liquid + vapor) in the quartz of the first generation and type-II fluid inclusions (liquid + vapor + halite) in the quartz of the second generation. The microthermometric analyses indicate that the fluids represented by type-I and type-II fluid inclusions had very different temperatures and salinities and were not in thermal equilibrium with the host rock.Petrographic and microthermometric data indicate the presence of at least two main hypogene Cu–Co sulfide phases in the Katanga Copperbelt. The first is an early diagenetic typical stratiform phase, which produced fine-grained sulfides that are disseminated in the host rock and frequently concentrated in nodules and lenticular layers. This phase is related to a hydrothermal fluid with a moderate temperature (115 to 220 °C, or less if reequilibration of inclusions has occurred) and salinity (11.3 to 20.9 wt.% NaCl equiv.). The second hypogene Cu–Co phase produced syn-orogenic coarse-grained sulfides, which also occur disseminated in the host rock but mainly concentrated in a distinct type of stratiform nodules and layers and in stratabound veins and tectonic breccia cement. This second phase is related to a hydrothermal fluid with high temperature (270 to 385 °C) and salinity (35 to 45.5 wt.% NaCl equiv.).A review of available microthermometric and ore geochronological data of the Copperbelt in both the Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia supports the regional presence of the two Cu–Co phases proposed in our study. Future geochemical analyses in the Copperbelt should take into account the presence of, at least, these two Cu–Co phases, their contrasting fluid systems and the possible overprint of the first phase by the second one.  相似文献   

A TAXONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF RECENT AND HOLOCENE OSTRACODES OF HE NAM CO REGION,SOUTHERN TIBET          下载免费PDF全文

C.Wrozyna  P.Frenzel  Nanping Xie  Liping Zhu  A.Sehwalb 《第四纪研究》2009,29(4)

  相似文献   

多源卫星测高数据监测拉昂错1992年—2020年水位变化     

孙明智  刘新  汪海洪  袁佳佳  李成名  郭金运 《遥感学报》2022,26(1):126-137

青藏高原湖泊水位是反映生态环境变化的重要指标,为了使用多源卫星测高数据构建高精度、长时序的湖泊水位时间序列,本文提出了一种基于大气路径延迟校正、波形重定、异常值检测、卫星间偏差调整的高精度湖泊水位序列构建策略.以拉昂错为研究对象,利用本文方法对TOPEX/Poseidon、Jason-1/2/3高度计数据进行处理,构建...  相似文献   

地质历史中板块构造启动时间   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵振华 《大地构造与成矿学》2017,41(1):1-22

地质历史中板块构造是何时开始启动的长期存在着激烈的争论,最极端的一是认为板块构造在新元古代的800 Ma前开始,二是在冥古宙4.3 Ga就已启动,多数学者认为在太古宙末开始启动。确定板块构造启动时间主要依据以下几方面:(1)地球动力学特点,如地幔的热状态以及粘塑性地幔对流模拟表明,板块构造可能是在地球热和冷停滞状态之间演化的一个相。在太古宙较热的地球中,板片强度低,板片的频繁断离阻止了形成类似现代样式的长期俯冲体系,太古宙的板块构造是短期的、阵发性的;(2)代表俯冲的标志的蛇绿岩、蓝片岩和超高压(UHP)变质地体;(3)具有弧特征的岩石组合,如拉斑玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩及英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩(TTG)岩套;(4)增生楔中混杂岩和大洋板块地层、前陆盆地、大陆裂谷、双变质带、造山带;(5)与俯冲带关系密切的造山型Au矿、斑岩Cu矿和浅成热液矿床、火山岩型块状硫化物矿床(VHMS),它们最早出现的年龄一致在3.5~3.1 Ga,指示了板块构造的开始;(6)世界不同地区大陆的Ni/Co、Cr/Zn比值随沉积年龄变年轻而降低,陆壳从3.0 Ga前的镁铁质转变为2.5 Ga时的长英质,表明全球板块构造的启动应在3.0 Ga的古中太古代;(7)冥古宙锆石、太古宙金刚石中矿物包裹体及Hf、O、C、N同位素组成研究表明,冥古宙地球表面存在类似板块汇聚边缘,太古宙含有大陆沉积物的海洋岩石圈俯冲进入地幔。  相似文献   

西藏班公湖—怒江缝合带中段蓬湖蛇绿岩中的洋脊型二辉橄榄岩   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢雨潇  杨经绥  董玉飞  熊发挥  陈晓坚  李观龙  薄容众 《地质学报》2019,93(10):2575-2597

蓬湖蛇绿岩产于西藏藏北湖区的蓬湖西侧,属班公湖-怒江缝合带中段白拉拉弄-依拉山亚带。该蛇绿岩主要由地幔橄榄岩、堆晶岩和辉绿岩等组成。其中地幔橄榄岩由方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩组成。蓬湖二辉橄榄岩的橄榄石Fo值介于88.85～90.33之间、斜方辉石的Al2O3含量范围在4.26%～6.60%。与原始地幔相比,蓬湖二辉橄榄岩岩石有较高的MgO含量和较低的Al2O3、CaO和TiO2等易熔组分含量;稀土元素总量介于1.11×10-6～1.53×10-6之间,明显低于原始地幔值,配分模式为轻稀土轻微亏损。在原始地幔微量元素蛛网图中,蓬湖二辉橄榄岩显示Rb、Zr亏损,U、Ta、Sr强烈富集特征。蓬湖二辉橄榄岩的铂族元素总量介于22.9×10-9～27×10-9之间,PGEs球粒陨石标准化图解显示其为接近原始地幔的"平坦型"。以上特征与深海橄榄岩相似,指示它们可能形成于大洋中脊环境。定量模拟估算表明,蓬湖二辉橄榄岩可能来源于地幔中尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩源区,系经历了约5%～10%的部分熔融残余。蓬湖堆晶岩矿物结晶顺序为橄榄石-单斜辉石-斜长石,其中异剥橄榄岩中的单斜辉石Mg#值介于86.92～89.93之间、橄榄石Fo平均值为84.45,明显不同于MOR型蛇绿岩堆晶岩。蓬湖堆晶岩的矿物组成、岩浆结晶顺序和矿物成分均与俯冲带上SSZ型蛇绿岩形成的堆晶岩类似。以上结果表明,蓬湖二辉橄榄岩形成于大洋脊环境,为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩源区经历了不超过10%部分熔融的残余,后期由于洋内俯冲作用经历了岩石-熔体反应,形成了SSZ型堆晶岩和含较高Cr#值尖晶石的方辉橄榄岩。  相似文献   

1400-year cold/warm fluctuations reflected by environmental magnetism of a lake sediment core from the Chen Co, southern Tibet, China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Li-ping Zhu  Ping-zhong Zhang  Wei-lan Xia  Bing-yuan Li  Ling Chen 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2003,29(4):391-401

Lake Chen Co, situated at 90°33–39E, 28°53–59N with a lake level of 4420 m asl, is an enclosed lake with 148 km² of catchment area and 40 km² of lake surface. It is mainly supplied by glacier melt water either from surface inflow or groundwater. Atmospheric precipitation is mainly concentrated in June–September. A 216-cm long lake sediment core was obtained at a site with 8 m of water depth, 800 m from the lakeshore and 1.5% of the bottom slope in this lake. The sediment core was taken by a piston sampler and was sliced with an interval of 1 cm each. ²¹⁰Pb dating measurement suggested that the average sedimentary rate was 0.16 cm yr^–1, which also was confirmed by ¹³⁷Cs peak occurrence. Magnetic analyses included low-frequency dependent susceptibility (_LF), susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetism (_ARM), the saturation isothermal remanent magnetism (SIRM), the isothermal remanent magnetism (IRM) reverse and Soft and Hard contents were performed for the sediment core. Results showed that _LF was an index for reflecting the environmental conditions, but was not sufficient to reveal details of magnetic features. This had been proved by measurements of IRM Reverse percentage and Soft and Hard magnetic minerals values. The log(SIRM/_LF) had much more information to reveal environmental changes. The _ARM/_LF might be more sensitive to the local environmental conditions because it was well able to indicate the grain-size variations of magnetic particles. In the past ca. 1400 years, the warm stages were ca. 620–740 AD, 1120–1370 AD and since ca. 1900 AD. After an intensively cold stage during ca. 1550–1690 AD, a cold-humid stage from ca. 1690–1900 AD and a warm-dry stage since ca. 1900 AD followed. Among these stages, the warmest one occurred in ca. 1120–1370 AD and the coldest stage was between ca. 1550 and 1690 AD. This result might be compared with many other research results from lake cores, ice cores and the Chinese historical documents.  相似文献   

藏南沉错地区近1400年来的介形类与环境变化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李元芳  朱立平  李炳元 《地理学报》2002,57(4):413-421

通过分析藏南沉错CC1孔的介形类动物群所提供的古环境信息，探讨近1400年来的湖泊演化。CC1孔介形类共计7属15种。据其属种，数量及生态特征，可划分为7个组合，同时发现1400年来沉错环境变化可分为3个时期：（1）公元6世末－14世纪下半叶沉错主要为较深水湖，其中大约在708－780年和1199－1213年湖泊迅速扩大加深；（2）14世纪下半叶－19世纪末沉错主要为浅水湖，其中大约在1454－1525年，1645－1670年和1803－1891年3个时段湖泊强烈退缩，环境极不稳定，而大约在1731－1803年湖泊发生逆向转化，湖水增多，湖面抬升；（3）19世纪末至今沉错由较深水湖转变为浅水湖，20世纪60年代以前为较深水湖，其中大约在1929－1935年湖泊急剧加深，20世纪70年代以来湖泊退缩，湖水变浅。  相似文献   

西藏麻米错盐湖大型锂硼矿盆地水化学特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

余石勇  刘孟  赵元艺  郑绵平 《地质学报》2022,96(6):2195-2205

麻米错盐湖位于西藏阿里地区改则县麻米乡，氯化锂资源量250万t，固体硼矿石资源量3686万t，是西藏大型锂硼矿之一。本研究采集麻米错盆地河水、泉水及湖水等27件样品，分析其总溶解性固体（TDS）、pH值及主要化学成分，通过数理统计分析、Piper阴阳离子三角图和Gibbs等方法对比研究表明，河水径流水化学类型为Ca·Na·Mg HCO3·Cl型，河水支流水化学类型为Ca HCO3、Ca·Mg SO4·HCO3型；泉水化学类型为Mg·Ca HCO3·SO4、Na·Mg HCO3·Cl型；湖水水化学类型为Na Cl。水化学离子组成主要受岩石风化和蒸发结晶作用控制，河水和泉水中主要离子来源于碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩风化。河水中主要离子含量介于雪山融水和泉水之间，且接近泉水含量，表明河水更多依靠泉水补给。盐湖中成矿物质来源于岩石风化和深部水岩反应。麻米错湖水正处于正均衡状态，水位持续上涨会对湖区生态和人民生活生产会产生一定影响，建议开展水位动态监测工作。  相似文献