不同地震动衰减关系模型在河北地区应用     

温超  李皓  李姜  蔡玲玲 《华北地震科学》2014,(3):61-67

河北省目前主要采用的是霍俊荣给出的适用于中国华北地区的地震动反应谱的衰减,该衰减关系分为Ⅱ型衰减关系模型和Ⅲ型衰减关系模型。使用Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型模型以及烈度衰减关系,对石家庄、邯郸、邢台、保定、张家口、承德、唐山、秦皇岛、廊坊、沧州10个地级市以及沙城、三河、宁晋、磁县等曾经历史上发生过大地震的地方,进行50年超越概率10%的峰值加速度和烈度值的计算,得出不同衰减关系模型适合使用于不同地区。  相似文献   

Seismic performance of earth-core and concrete-faced rock-fill dams by large-scale shaking table tests     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

Two of China's highest earth-core rock-fill dams (ECRDs) and concrete-faced rock-fill dams (CFRDs) were simulated by large-scale earthquake simulation shaking table tests in this work. A series of staged tests were performed, including white noise, different types of earthquake excitations with different magnitudes etc. The seismic performance of the ECRD and CFRD models were analyzed and investigated. The test results indicated that reservoir impoundment influenced the structure and seismic characteristics of the ECRD model much more than the CFRD model. The average fundamental frequency of the CFRD decreased less than the ECRD model when subjected to strong excitation. The acceleration amplification factors decreased as the input peak acceleration increased. The maximum acceleration occurred at the top of the ECRD model, while it occurred at 0.6–0.9 dam height of the CFRD model. Seismic residual deformations of the two models were very small. When subjected to strong earthquake excitation, the residual deformation of the CFRD model was smaller than that of the ECRD model. The dominant failure pattern of the two models was shallow sliding at the height of 3/4 on the downstream slope. The above analysis indicated that seismic performance of CFRD was superior to ECRD.  相似文献   

Large-scale shaking table model tests of aseismic measures for concrete faced rock-fill dams     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

The aseismic design of concrete faced rock-fill dams (CFRDs) has become vitally important in recent years. A series of 1-g large-scale shaking table model tests were conducted, applying similitude laws to evaluate the effectiveness of various aseismic measures. The following four reinforcing measures are discussed in this study: reinforcing the top zone with geogrid, protecting the downstream slope surface using stone block, replacing the top zone of the dam with cemented rock-fill material or concrete layers. The failure developments were visualised using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The mechanisms of these reinforcement measures were analysed in detail. The effectiveness of these measures was evaluated by comparing the crest settlement rates and key accelerations corresponding to surface grain yield, slab fracture and slab dislocation. Based on the model test results, a combination of reinforcement measures was proposed for the prototype CFRDs.  相似文献   

基于专家经验的振动台控制参数自整定方法研究     

纪金豹  孙丽娟  占鹏云  李娜  张硕玉 《震灾防御技术》2014,9(4):882-890

地震模拟振动台控制系统的控制参数较多,其参数手动整定费时费力,尤其对于多振动台台阵系统,其手动整定难度很大.基于上述问题,根据专家进行系统调试的经验,提出了一种振动台控制参数自整定策略,分析了手动整定中各参数对系统性能的影响,给出了自整定算法的整定规则,并通过Matlab仿真进行振动台的控制参数自动整定.通过比较自整定参数和理论计算参数下的时频域特性,验证了本文所给出的自整定算法.结果表明,该方法具有简单实用及较好的实用价值,可供振动台参数自整定研究参考和借鉴.  相似文献   

青海湖水位变化对青藏高原气候变化的响应   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

袁云  李栋梁  安迪 《高原气象》2012,31(1):57-64

利用1959-2008年青海湖流域刚察和天峻站的降水、气温、风速及布哈河流量、青海湖水位高度、青藏高原地面加热场强度距平指数和青藏高原季风指数等逐月资料,分析了气候变化对青海湖水位年际波动的影响。结果表明,冬季青藏高原地面加热场的加强有利于青藏高原冬季风的加强,春末夏初(5～6月)青藏高原地面加热场强度的增强有利于青藏高原夏季风的提前(5～6月)加强;冬、春季青海湖流域风速与布哈河流量是引起青海湖水位年际差变化的主要因子;夏、秋季,青海湖水位年际差受流域降水量、风速和流量的共同作用,随着流域降水增加、入湖流量的加大、风速减小,水位年际差呈上升趋势(水位下降速度减慢)。建立了青藏高原热力作用和气候变化的关系及其对青海湖水位下降趋缓(年际差增大)的概念模型。  相似文献   

湖南省夏季高温热浪时空分布特征及其成因     

张曦  黎鑫 《气候与环境研究》2017,22(6):747-756

利用1960~2014年夏季(6~8月)湖南省77个气象站逐日最高气温资料,对该地区高温热浪的时空分布特征进行分析研究。研究结果表明:湖南省大部分地区常年遭受高温热浪袭击,年均发生1.53次,部分地区年均出现2次以上。高频次、高强度的高温热浪主要集中于湘中偏东(衡阳盆地一带)地区,株洲、长沙、益阳等地为次大值区,湘西地区高温热浪的发生频次及强度则低于全省平均值。近年来,湖南高温热浪的影响范围不断扩大,炎热程度不断增强。近55年高温热浪频次及强度具有显著的阶段性特征,20世纪80年代以前呈减少(减弱)趋势,此后呈增多(增强)趋势,21世纪以来高温热浪增多增强尤其明显。对一次持续时间长、影响范围广的极端高温热浪过程研究发现:南亚高压东伸扩展,西太副高异常偏西、偏北且稳定少动,下沉运动强盛等条件的配合有利于湖南省持续性高温的发生。  相似文献   

Seismic performance of bar-mat reinforced-soil retaining wall: Shaking table testing versus numerical analysis with modified kinematic hardening constitutive model     

I. Anastasopoulos  T. GeorgarakosV. Georgiannou  V. DrososR. Kourkoulis 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010

Reinforced-soil retaining structures possess inherent flexibility, and are believed to be insensitive to earthquake shaking. In fact, several such structures have successfully survived destructive earthquakes (Northridge 1994, Kobe 1995, Kocaeli 1999, and Chi-Chi 1999). This paper investigates experimentally and theoretically the seismic performance of a typical bar-mat retaining wall. First, a series of reduced-scale shaking table tests are conducted, using a variety of seismic excitations (real records and artificial multi-cycle motions). Then, the problem is analyzed numerically employing the finite element method. A modified kinematic hardening constitutive model is developed and encoded in ABAQUS through a user-defined subroutine. After calibrating the model parameters through laboratory element testing, the retaining walls are analyzed at model scale, assuming model parameters appropriate for very small confining pressures. After validating the numerical analysis through comparisons with shaking table test results, the problem is re-analyzed at prototype scale assuming model parameters for standard confining pressures. The results of shaking table testing are thus indirectly “converted” (extrapolated) to real scale. It is shown that: (a) for medium intensity motions (typical of M_s≈6 earthquakes) the response is “quasi-elastic”, and the permanent lateral displacement in reality could not exceed a few centimeters; (b) for larger intensity motions (typical of M_s≈6.5–7 earthquakes) bearing the effects of forward rupture directivity or having a large number of strong motion cycles, plastic deformation accumulates and the permanent displacement is of the order of 10–15 cm (at prototype scale); and (c) a large number of strong motion cycles (N>30) of unrealistically large amplitude (A=1.0 g) is required to activate a failure wedge behind the region of reinforced soil. Overall, the performance of the bar-mat reinforced-soil walls investigated in this paper is totally acceptable for realistic levels of seismic excitation.  相似文献   

Selection of earthquake ground motion records: A state-of-the-art review from a structural engineering perspective     

Evangelos I. Katsanos  Anastasios G. SextosGeorge D. Manolis 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010

This paper reviews alternative selection procedures based on established methods for incorporating strong ground motion records within the framework of seismic design of structures. Given the fact that time history signals recorded at a given site constitute a random process which is practically impossible to reproduce, considerable effort has been expended in recent years on processing actual records so as to become ‘representative’ of future input histories to existing as well as planned construction in earthquake-prone regions. Moreover, considerable effort has been expended to ensure that dispersion in the structural response due to usage of different earthquake records is minimized. Along these lines, the aim of this paper is to present the most recent methods developed for selecting an ‘appropriate’ set of records that can be used for dynamic analysis of structural systems in the context of performance-based design. A comparative evaluation of the various alternatives available indicates that the current seismic code framework is rather simplified compared to what has actually been observed, thus highlighting both the uncertainties and challenges related to the selection of earthquake records.  相似文献   

新疆1931年8月11日富蕴8.0级地震烈度图的修定     

史杰  沈军  柏美祥  石广岭 《内陆地震》2010,24(1):37-40

根据上世纪70年代新疆维吾尔自治区地震局对发生在新疆富蕴8.0级地震的科学考察资料和近年来国际地震科学交流所获得的境外烈度调查资料,对富蕴8.0级地震的烈度分布情况进行了分析和修定,获得了该地震烈度的完整图像。  相似文献   

位涡塔结构及演变对飓风Wilma(2005)强度变化的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘爽  钟玮  刘继晨  陆汉城 《地球物理学报》2015,58(5):1513-1525

本文利用高分辨率模式输出资料,对飓风Wilma(2005)不同发展阶段内位涡塔(Potential Vorticity Tower:PVT)的结构和演变进行诊断分析,并讨论位涡塔分布特征对飓风快速增强(Rapid Intensification:RI)过程的影响.研究结果表明,内核区域位涡的强度和结构变化主要取决于高层的暖心下传、中层的凝结潜热释放和低层的动力稳定性,而低层切向平均位涡的结构及其稳定性变化,对飓风快速增强的不同发展阶段具有很好的指示意义.飓风Wilma增强过程中,在高层增温、潜热释放和对流垂直混合作用下,PVT的结构出现单极位涡塔(Monopole PVT:MPVT)和中空位涡塔(Hollow PVT:HPVT)的相互转化,也造成了涡旋系统动力稳定性的变化.在实际个例中,重新定义位涡环的结构参数,即相对厚度和中空度,这两个参数能够表征系统的稳定性,将其在RI过程中的变化与飓风Wilma强度变化作相关性分析,表明结构参数能够表征PVT结构的不稳定性,且与飓风系统强度变化参数具有很好的相关性,结构参数与海平面气压变化率的相关性能够通过显著性检验.  相似文献