Centrifuge modelling of reverse fault–foundation interaction     

M. F. Bransby  M. C. R. Davies  A. El Nahas  S. Nagaoka 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(4):607-628

The propagation of reverse faults through soil to the ground surface has been observed to cause damage to surface infrastructure. However, the interaction between a fault propagating through a sand layer and a shallow foundation can be beneficial for heavily loaded foundations by causing deviation of the fault away from the foundation. This was studied in a series of centrifuge model tests in which reverse faults of dip angle 60° (at bedrock level) were initiated through a sand layer, close to shallow foundations. The tests revealed subtle interaction between the fault and the shallow foundation so that the foundation and soil response depend on the foundation loading, position, breadth and flexibility. Heavily loaded rigid foundations appeared best able to deviate fault rupture away from the foundation but this deviation could be associated with significant foundation rotations. However, a lightly loaded foundation was unable to deviate a reverse fault and the fault emerged beneath the foundation. This led to gapping beneath the foundation as well as significant rotations and may cause severe structural distress. As well as providing insight into the mechanisms of behaviour, the data from the tests is used to validate finite element analyses in a separate article.  相似文献   

Efficient 3D nonlinear Winkler model for shallow foundations     

H. El Ganainy  M.H. El Naggar 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009

This paper presents a new practical modeling approach, based on the beam-on-a-nonlinear Winkler foundation (BNWF) model, to simulate the 3D rocking, vertical and horizontal responses of shallow foundations using structural elements that are readily available in the element library of commercially available structural analysis programs. An assemblage of a moment-rotation hinge, shear hinge connected in series with an elastic frame member attached to the bottom end of ground story columns was proposed to model the response of the footing under combined action of vertical, horizontal and moment loading. To couple the responses of these hinges, two bounding surfaces equations were introduced and derived mathematically: a surface that defines the interaction between the rocking and vertical capacities of the footing along its width and length; and a surface that defines the interaction between the horizontal capacities of the footing along its width and length. Simple calculation steps to evaluate the geometric and mechanical properties of the proposed assemblage of structural elements are provided. The proposed modeling approach was verified using experimental results from large scale model foundations subjected to cyclic loading. Based on this study, it was found that the proposed assemblage can be reliably used in modeling the rocking and horizontal responses of shallow foundations under cyclic loading.  相似文献   

Numerical modelling of the transverse dynamic behaviour of circular tunnels in clayey soils     

A. Amorosi  D. Boldini 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009

In this paper, different approaches aimed at investigating the dynamic behaviour of circular tunnels in the transverse direction are presented. The analysed cases refer to a shallow tunnel built in two different clayey deposits. The adopted approaches include 1D numerical analyses performed modelling the soil as a single-phase visco-elastic non-linear medium, the results of which are then used to evaluate the input data for selected analytical solutions proposed in the literature (uncoupled approach), and 2D fully coupled FE simulations adopting visco-elastic and visco-elasto-plastic effective stress models for the soil (coupled approach). The results are proposed in terms of seismic-induced loads in the transverse direction of the tunnel lining. The different constitutive hypotheses adopted in the coupled numerical approach prove to play a significant role on the results. In particular, the plasticity-based analyses indicate that a seismic event can produce a substantial modification of loads acting in the lining, leading to permanent increments of both hoop force and bending moment.  相似文献   

Competition between benthic and pelagic microalgae for phosphorus and light – long-term experiments using artificial substrates     

Annika Pasternak  Helmut Hillebrand  Sabine Flöder 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2009,71(2):238-249

  相似文献   

偏压、错台小间距隧道施工位移场动态模拟分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

杜菊红  黄宏伟 《岩土力学》2009,30(4):1102-1108

采用三维非线性有限元法,对偏压、错台的浅埋小间距隧道在不同开挖顺序下的动态施工过程进行了模拟。通过对位移场的分析,研究了其施工力学特性。由于两隧洞之间的相互影响,并行小间距隧道对围岩的扰动程度大于两独立隧道作用的叠加;相互影响对中间岩柱的作用最为明显,对洞周、地表影响相对较弱。两洞开挖顺序不同,最终位移场的分布规律相同,但量值上存在一定差异。研究给出了在偏压、错台情况下的两洞开挖的合理顺序。  相似文献   

不良地质段双洞交叉开挖三维有限元分析     

徐彬  王康柱  李宁 《岩土力学》2007,28(Z1):437-442

积石峡水电站泄洪洞与导流洞交叉段形成了跨度为28 m,高度为22 m类似城门洞形的大断面洞室,该洞段围岩呈层状分布,且有一软弱夹层穿过拱顶,对洞室稳定极为不利。针对这一实际工程问题,确定了开挖方案和支护措施,采用三维非线性有限元分析了该处的围岩应力和变形随开挖进行的变化和围岩的稳定性,并考虑了位于拱顶的软弱夹层对交叉段洞室开挖围岩稳定的影响,对于其他类似工程,其结果具有良好的参考价值。  相似文献   

Shaking table test of failure of a shallow foundation subjected to an eccentric load   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

M. Maugeri  G. Musumeci  D. Novit  C. A. Taylor 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2000,20(5-8):435-444

  相似文献   

三峡库区巫山移民新城址松散堆积体成因机制研究   总被引：25，自引：5，他引：20  

殷跃平  张加桂 《工程地质学报》2000,8(3):265-271

以巫山移民新城址松散堆积体成因类型为例 ,对三峡库区分布较广的松散堆积体进行了研究。通过对大量新开挖剖面的调查测绘 ,在许多地段发现了堆积与基岩之间的滑坡主滑带 ,说明了在该区分布较广的松散堆积体成因具有复合性。它是构造和岩溶作用前提下形成的滑坡体、崩塌体、泥石流堆积体和岩溶坍陷堆积体。运用高分辨率浅层地震勘探揭示堆积体发育深度可达 40 m至 6 0 m ,通过面波测试可按波速将之划分为三层。最后 ,建立了松散堆积体形成演化的概念模型 ,并运用目前最新版本的离散元软件 (UDEC3.0 )对其中最为重要的一种类型滑崩堆积体的形成演化过程进行了模拟。结果表明 ,该区的层状岩体在长江河流下切过程中 ,形成了区域性的卸荷松动 ,而在岩体下部形成压碎张裂带 ;地下水沿卸荷拉裂带渗入 ,并与压裂带贯通 ,形成了岩溶发育带 ,为滑坡、崩塌、塌陷等表生改造提供了条件。  相似文献   

埕岛油田动力电缆铺设环境和方案分析     

周长江  路国章 《海洋科学进展》2000,18(1):27-33

描述了胜利埕岛油田所在海域全年各季风、浪、潮汐、海流等的基本状况、产生机理及黄河三角洲区域对它们的影响。同时介绍了目前国内在深水及浅水区域几种海底电缆的铺设工艺 ,从施工机械到水动力学原理的角度 ,对其应用进行了技术上的分析 ,指出了每种施工工艺的优劣 ,并由此确定了较为理想的电缆埋设工艺和定位技术方案 ,使电缆铺设实际长度误差控制在设计长度的 1 %范围内 ,从而大大节省了工程投资费用。该工艺的选择和推广可为埕岛海上油田的开发创造较好的经济效益。  相似文献   

浅层气藏流体相控属性参数建模及应用     

龙国清  邓宏文  朱继田  杨希冰  王立峰 《海相油气地质》2007,12(4):37-42

对钻井资料较少的莺歌海盆地某气田采用流体相控属性建模,利用叠前纵横波速度比反演预测储层含气性和储层测井综合解释成果,用随机模拟方法建立储层的流体相模型;用流体相模型进行间接相控,建立了用波阻抗约束的随机模拟孔隙度模型,解决了浅层气藏由于受含气效应影响导致模拟的气层孔隙度偏高而难以正确反映储层物性分布的问题。在此基础上求得连通因子平面分布,勾出孔隙度分隔带,解释了研究区压力和气体类型分区特征。  相似文献