Jacked model pile shafts in offshore calcareous soils     

C. Y. Lee  H. G. Poulous 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):247-274

Abstract

This paper describes the results of laboratory tests carried out on model pile shafts in a variety of reconstituted calcareous sands and on silica sand. The factors influencing both the skin friction under static loading and the degradation of skin friction under cyclic loading have been investigated. The grading and crushability of the particles appears to have a significant influence on both, with less favourable performance being found for uniformly graded crushable particles. Relative density and overconsolidation ratio also have some influence.

Under cyclic loading, the amplitude of cyclic displacement and, more specifically, the cyclic slip displacement, influence the extent of cyclic degradation of skin friction.  相似文献   

Mining Sand on the Continental Shelf of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the U.S.     

C. W. Finkl  C. H. Hobbs III 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):230-253

Essentially all marine mining along the East and Gulf coasts of the U.S. is for sand used in beach nourishment projects. The current minimal commercial production of sand and aggregate may increase as conventional, on-shore sources become exhausted or are lost to competing land use. Studies published in the late 1990s document a history of nearly 900 individual episodes of beach nourishment having a total cost in excess of $2 × 10⁹ with several hundred million cubic meters of sand placed along over 645 km (400 mi) of shoreline. As exemplified by studies in Florida, prospecting for sand for use in beach nourishment can begin before site specific needs are identified. A full prospecting starts with assimilation of pertinent literature, local knowledge, and an understanding of the geologic and geomorphic settings in which suitable deposits of sand or aggregate occur. High-resolution seismic profiling follows to outline the three dimensional extent of the sand bodies. Finally, vibratory cores are collected to verify the interpretation of the seismic data and to provide samples for geotechnical, especially granulometric, analyses. The actual method of production often is determined by the local availability of different dredge types. Because the mining of marine sands disturbs meaningful areas of the sea floor, environmental concerns must be considered. While it generally is assumed that dredged areas will be left barren, it is possible to assess the likely rate of recolonization. The disruption of bottom habitat also can affect feeding and spawning areas for fishes and other organisms. Alteration in local currents and wave transformation processes need to be modeled and their consequences assessed.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Undrained Shear Strength and Consolidation Characteristics of Disturbed Marine Sedimentary Clay due to SCP Installation     

G.-G. Yea 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(1):76-90

The behaviors of the marine sedimentary ground improved by sand compaction pile (SCP) method are analyzed. To do this, the results of upheaval characteristics of the sea floor, undrained shear strength, and horizontal consolidation coefficient (consolidation) are investigated. Due to SCP installation on ground, as thickness of a soft clay layer increases, upheaval height increases and upheaval angle decreases. Undrained shear strength of disturbed ground due to SCP construction decreases in early stage after completion of construction, but it shows a trend of recovering as months elapse. As the result of piezocone penetration dissipation tests, consolidation delay phenomenon by the disturbance due to SCP installation clearly is identified and its degree is dependent on the replacement area ratio of SCP and the location of ground.  相似文献   

Monotonic and cyclic behaviors of loose anisotropically consolidated calcareous sand in torsional shear tests     

Xiao-Zhi Zhou  Wen-Wen Li  Han-Long Liu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):438-451

ABSTRACT

The behavior of loose anisotropically consolidated calcareous sand obtained from an island in the South China Sea was investigated under undrained monotonic and cyclic loading in a hollow cylinder torsional apparatus. The tests were conducted on specimens which consolidated under various initial effective confining pressures and consolidation stress ratios. The monotonic test results show that the failure and phase transformation line are essentially independent of the consolidation conditions, while the initial contractive tendency of the specimens decreases with an increasing consolidation stress ratio. During monotonic loading of the anisotropically consolidated specimens, a same major principal stress direction is observed at the constant stress ratio lines up to the phase transformation line, irrespective of initial effective confining pressure. The cyclic strength of the sand increases with an increasing consolidation stress ratio. Moreover, a pronounced stress dependence is observed in the sand with higher consolidation stress ratio. During cyclic loading, the generated excess pore water pressure presents considerable fluctuations. The normalized terminal excess pore water pressure is described as a function of consolidation stress ratio. The tests show that the particle shape, rather than particle crushing, plays an important role in the monotonic and cyclic behaviors of the calcareous sand.  相似文献   

Shear behavior of geotextile-reinforced Chlef sand in the Mediterranean region: Laboratory investigation     

Sidali Denine  Sadok Feia  Rawaz Dlawar Muhammed  Jean Canou  Jean-Claude Dupla 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(5):599-608

Abstract

An experimental study about the effects of initial conditions of soil and geotextile reinforcement on the mechanical behavior of reinforced sand is presented in this paper. A series of direct shear tests are conducted on reconstituted specimens of dry and moist natural sand prepared with different initial water content (w?=?0, 1.5, 3, and 5%) and including the two arrangements of geotextile layers (one and two layers, respectively). Both S41 and PEC55types of non-woven geotextile were used and placed at different heights of the specimens to investigate the effect of geotextile reinforcement on the behavior of sand. Test specimens were prepared at Dr =80% of relative density and were subjected to three different normal stresses of 100, 200, and 300?kPa. The experimental results showed that the deposition mode (wet and dry) and the geotextile reinforcement have significant effects on the behavior of reinforced sand. The increase in shear strength is relatively more significant for specimens prepared with dry deposition mode as compared to those prepared with wet deposition mode and it increases with the number of geotextile layers, this effect becomes less significant for wet specimens. The experimental results also demonstrated that (PEC55) non-woven geotextile shows a better performance than the (S41) of geotextile. These results can be explained by the effective tensile strength property of polyester yarns of the (PEC55) non-woven geotextile that it has led to a significant increase in the shear strength.  相似文献   

Vertical uplift capacity of a group of shallow circular plate anchors in sand     

R. Ganesh 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):282-290

ABSTRACT

The uplift capacity of a group of circular plate anchors buried horizontally in sand along a line has been determined. The uplift capacity of an interfering anchor is presented in terms of nondimensional uplift factors, F_γi and F_qi, due to components of soil unit weight and surcharge pressure acting on the ground surface, respectively. Theoretical solutions have been developed by applying the upper bound theorem of limit analysis based on a simple rigid wedge collapse mechanism. In the case of two and infinite number of anchors, closed-form solutions have been developed for computing the factor F_qi, whereas the factor F_γi is determined using a semianalytical approach. As expected, the interference of the anchors leads to a continuous reduction in the uplift resistance with a decrease in the spacing between the anchors, and the uplift resistance decreases with the increasing number of anchors at a given spacing. The results compare reasonably well with the available theoretical and experimental data from the literature.  相似文献   

Numerical analysis of surcharge preloading consolidation of layered soils via distributed sand blankets     

Ruidan Yao  Pengpeng Ni 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(8):902-914

Abstract

Surcharge preloading consolidation of soft soils often implements a layer of fully arranged aggregate materials. The volume of drained water is abundant at the early stage of consolidation, but it reduces at middle and later stages, during which the fully arranged sand blanket will be a waste. In this investigation, a concept of distributed sand blankets is proposed to save aggregate materials. A series of finite element analyses have been performed on layered soils with distributed sand blankets. A mixed type of drainage boundary is assigned to a representative model, where a half sand blanket is perfectly pervious and a half width of soil among sand blankets is impervious. From parametric study, it has been found that a pave ratio between sand blankets and the total soil width can be selected in a range of 40%–60%, which will save aggregates by approximately 50% but cause an increase of consolidation time by less than 10%. For a fixed pave ratio, more evenly spaced sand strips with smaller width should be employed to optimize the design. The effectiveness of distributed sand blankets is not influenced by the anisotropy of hydraulic conductivity, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and thickness in multiple soil layers.  相似文献   

安塞坪桥区延长组长9致密油储层预测及有利区优选     

马浪  杜彦军  张治东  惠瑞瑞  王变阳  宋健  许璟  何斌 《西北地质》2022,(1):216-224

针对安塞坪桥区长9油层组致密油储层难以预测、勘探开发有利区不明确、严重制约勘探开发进程等问题,笔者通过对典型取心井岩相、测井相研究,在确定砂岩沉积微相类型及其空间演化的基础上,对砂岩进行横向追踪对比,准确获取单砂体厚度数据,刻画出单砂体展布特征,并结合生产动态情况,优选出致密油勘探开发有利目标区.研究结果表明,研究区致...  相似文献   

HEIMDALL'S STONES AT VITEMÖLLA IN SE SWEDEN AND THE CHRONOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SURROUNDINGS     

BY NILS-AXEL MÖRNER  BOB G. LIND  GÖRAN POSSNERT 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2009,91(3):205-213

Heimdall's Stones at Vitemölla is an archaeological monument of stones arranged in circles and where sightlines can be identified of the sunrise and sunset at winter and summer solstices and spring and autumn equinoxes. Therefore, this stone monument is likely to have served as an archaeoastronomic observatory. It is founded in a fossil land surface now covered by half a metre of eolian sand. In order to date this sand drift, sediment coring was performed in the nearby Sandefloen bog. Seven levels were subjected to AMS C14 dating. The first sand drift, correlated with the sand drift covering Heimdall's Stones, was dated at 500–600 cal. bc . Consequently, the observatory has to date back to the Bronze Age, fitting well with its Sun cult and with the rock carvings recorded on the individual stones. At the seashore 500 m east of the observatory and the bog, we were able to reconstruct the sea-level changes. In conclusion, we combine the recorded sea-level changes with the C14-dated bog stratigraphy and the observed stratigraphy at Heimdall's Stones (covering an area of 500×500 m) into one unified picture. The chronostratigraphic position of Heimdall's Stones agrees well with the dating of the Kivik grave. The Vitemölla area is likely to have been an important cultural centre in the Bronze Age.  相似文献   

钙质砂室内载荷试验研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

王新志  汪稔  孟庆山  刘晓鹏 《岩土力学》2009,30(1):147-151

为保护和开发海洋资源,在珊瑚礁上进行工程建设时必须要查明岛礁上钙质砂地基的承载力和变形特性。室内载荷试验的结果表明,相同密实度的钙质砂具有比石英砂大得多的承载力和变形模量,变形量则小得多;钙质砂的承载力随着相对密实度的增大而增大,破坏时的变形量显著减小;相同密实度下饱和钙质砂比干燥钙质砂的承载力和变形模量低很多。钙质砂地基中土压力随深度急剧衰减,荷载的有效影响深度为2～3倍基础宽度;随着荷载的增大,土压力从表层逐渐传递到更深的土层。  相似文献