The 24 May 2014 (Mw6.8) earthquake (North Aegean Trough): Spatiotemporal evolution,source and slip model from teleseismic data     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

We use teleseismic data to calculate the source model of the 24 May 2014 earthquake and regional catalogues to examine the spatial-temporal characteristics of the sequence. The sequence started in Saros Basin but almost simultaneously aftershocks spread along a ∼200 km zone, activating the entire North Aegean Trough. The aftershock sequence was rich in moderate (M < 4) size events, but very deficient in strong events – only two Mw4.9 aftershocks-a characteristic observed in previous sequences in the region. The teleseismic waveforms were best fit by two sub-events, which were lagged by 18 s in time and by a 50 km jump in space, along the same fault line. The centroid depth of the first sub-event is 22 km, at the base of the lower crust, and for the second is 14 km. The resolved total source time function is ∼30 s. The finite-fault slip model is characterized by an asymmetric bilateral rupture propagation, to the west and east of the hypocentre. The major slip is confined downdip from the hypocentre, within the deeper 12–25 km part. This deep slip migrated updip from the hypocentre to form the second slip patch, in the eastward segment. In all our models the maximum dislocation was of the order of 1 m. For our preferred model parametrization, the rupture speed is 3 km/s, and the scalar moment equal to 1.76 × 10¹⁹ Nm (Mw6.8). This earthquake highlighted the fact that strike-slip faulting in the North Aegean Sea, can attain large lengths and activate very wide zones, reaching densely populated regions.  相似文献   

基于升降轨Sentinel-1 SAR数据研究2020年新疆于田M_S6.4地震震源机制     

康帅  刘传金  朱良玉  季灵运 《地震》2021,41(2):80-91

2020年6月26日新疆于田县发生M_S6.4地震。 本文先利用Sentinel-1A/B卫星升、 降轨SAR数据, 结合InSAR技术提取此次地震的同震形变场; 并以同震形变场为约束, 利用贝叶斯方法的均匀滑动模型反演发震断层的几何参数; 最后基于梯度下降法(Steepest Decent Method, SDM)来确定发震断层更为精细的滑动分布。 研究结果表明: InSAR形变场的分布主要沿北北东方向, 东西方向跨度约40 km, 南北方向跨度约30 km, 形变特征为西侧沉降与东侧隆升, 西侧最大沉降约200 mm, 东侧最大隆升约70 mm。 于田地震发震断层为一条走向187.68°、 倾角59.78°、 滑动角77.76°的隐伏断层; 于田地震的宏观震源深度为6.29 km, 距震级M_W6.19。 断层滑动分布主要集中在沿走向7~21 km与倾向4~11 km的区域内, 平均滑动量约0.2 m, 在沿倾向7~8 km处的最大滑动量约0.97 m, 同震位错主要表现为正断运动。  相似文献   

临汾地区重复微震的识别及其断裂带深部滑动速率估算     

董春丽  李乐  李冬梅  王卓君  梁永烨 《中国地震》2021,37(4):878-887

基于山西数字地震台网2001—2010年记录的地震,研究临汾地区的地震活动,并寻找重复微震,进而计算深部滑动速率。双差法重新定位后的地震图像显示,在研究时段内,临汾地区29.3%以上的地震发生在临汾盆地平原腹地的苏堡断裂两侧,即沿NNE向分布南、中、北3个隆起间的2个次级凹陷之一的临汾-洪洞次级凹陷内;震源深度分布与研究区的深部构造较为相符。通过波形互相关分析,识别出波形高度相似的49组相似地震对和25组多重相似对。大部分相似地震活动表现为非周期性,复发间隔从数分钟到数百天不等。依据在同一地震台站记录的波形塑造参考地震的波形,用以量取每个地震相对于参考地震的S—P相对到时差,并确定每个地震与多重相似对质心的相对距离,从而挑选出每组地震中的重复事件。识别出研究区2组重复地震,并由此估算得到滑动速率为1.9~2.8mm/a,该值与同时段GPS和地质等浅表观测的滑动速率值基本相符。  相似文献   

从南京市矿业经济构架概论矿业经济发展态势     

周建华 《江苏地质》2001,25(3):174-179

从南京市的矿业经济成分入手,对矿山布局、加工水平、资源经济和社会效益等方面进行了分析,显示了乡镇矿业经济的发展情况.运用统计分析的结果说明南京市矿业经济总体特征和制约其发展的因素.提出了矿业经济发展的“矿山环境恶化变量“的概念以及与治理成本的关系,阐述了采矿活动对环境破坏与恢复治理的动态平衡原理.就OR值的优化也提出了相应的对策.运用宏观经济学等理论分析了区域性矿业经济发展的态势,围绕资源价值的加工放大能力产生的效益反哺环境治理的可行性进行了探讨.  相似文献   

Constraining slip rates and spacings for active normal faults   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Patience A. Cowie  Gerald P. Roberts 《Journal of Structural Geology》2001,23(12)

Numerous observations of extensional provinces indicate that neighbouring faults commonly slip at different rates and, moreover, may be active over different time intervals. These published observations include variations in slip rate measured along-strike of a fault array or fault zone, as well as significant across-strike differences in the timing and rates of movement on faults that have a similar orientation with respect to the regional stress field. Here we review published examples from the western USA, the North Sea, and central Greece, and present new data from the Italian Apennines that support the idea that such variations are systematic and thus to some extent predictable. The basis for the prediction is that: (1) the way in which a fault grows is fundamentally controlled by the ratio of maximum displacement to length, and (2) the regional strain rate must remain approximately constant through time. We show how data on fault lengths and displacements can be used to model the observed patterns of long-term slip rate where measured values are sparse. Specifically, we estimate the magnitude of spatial variation in slip rate along-strike and relate it to the across-strike spacing between active faults.  相似文献   

Slip partitioning along major convergent plate boundaries   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Guang Yu  Steven G. Wesnousky  Göran Ekström 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1993,140(2):183-210

Along plate boundaries characterized by oblique convergence, earthquake slip vectors are commonly rotated toward the normal of the trench with respect to predicted plate motion vectors. Consequently, relative plate motion along such convergent margins must be partitioned between displacements along the thrust plate interface and deformation within the forearc and back-arc regions. The deformation behind the trench may take the form of strike-slip motion, back-arc extension, or some combination of both. We observe from our analysis of the Harvard Moment Tensor Catalog that convergent arcs characterized by back-arc spreading, specifically the Marianas and New Hebrides, are characterized by a large degree of slip partitioning. However, the observed rates, directions, and location of back-arc spreading are not sufficient to account for degree of partitioning observed along the respective arcs, implying that the oblique component of subduction is also accommodated in part by shearing of the overriding plate. In the case of the Sumatran arc, where partitioning is accommodated by strike-slip faulting in the overriding plate, the degree of partitioning is similar to that observed along the Marianas, but the result is viewed with caution because it is based on a predicted plate motion vector that is based on locally derived earthquake slip vectors. In the case of the Alaskan-Aleutian arc, where back-arc spreading is also absent, the degree of partitioning is less and rotation of slip vectors toward the trench normal appears to increase linearly as a function of the obliquity of convergence. If partitioning in the Alaskan-Aleutian arc is accommodated by strike-slip faulting within the upper plate, the positive relationship between obliquity of convergence and the rotation of earthquake slip vectors to the trench normal may reflect that either (1) the ratio of the depth extent of strike-slip faults behind the trenchZ _s to the subduction thrustZ _t increases westward along the arc, (2) the dip of the subduction thrust increases westward along the arc, or (3) the strength of the subduction thrust decreases westward along the arc.  相似文献   

Influence of ion exchange on dissolved load of alpine meltwaters     

M. Lemmens  M. Roger 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1978,3(2):179-187

Meltwaters were collected in Switzerland at the border of two alpine glaciers, the Tsanfleuron glacier resting on limestones and the Tsijiore Nouve glacier flowing over gneissic rocks. Waters were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the four major cations. Cation exchange appears to be an essential mechanism in the explanation of the dissolved cationic content of meltwaters in the frontal zone of glaciers. This is indicated by a study of the rate and characteristics of water enrichment. The rate-determining step in the process seems to be film diffusion. The influence of this diffusion is put forward in an analysis of the rates of change in concentration of the four major cations with discharge. Glacier grinding is considered as a factor favouring cation exchange in a proglacial environment.  相似文献   

构造与地表过程相互作用:正断层陡崖形态和几何特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

李伊菲  石耀霖  张怀 《地球物理学报》1954,63(10):3740-3750

量化分析构造、侵蚀与气候之间的相互作用关系是现代地球动力学的前沿.断层陡崖是伸展构造环境中的一种常见地貌特征,是构造与地表过程密切耦合作用下演化的结果.断层崖面形态各异,如断层陡坎、断层三角面和断层梯形面等.本文基于数值模拟方法,对断层滑动速率、断层滑动周期、河流下切系数、山坡蠕移系数等关键性控制因素对断层崖形态和几何特征的影响进行了系统分析,主要结论为：依据参数空间的动力学对比模拟结果,可以将断层陡崖分为三个主要类型,即沟壑型、断层三角面型和尖锥型;断层陡崖的最终形态主要受地表演化过程（即河流下切、山坡蠕移）的控制;三角面型陡崖的高度和宽度随时间增大,但坡度角在演化过程中基本不变,其几何特征主要受控于断层滑动速率,且在相同的气候和岩性条件下,与断层滑动速率呈正相关;在十万年时间尺度下,断层滑动周期与三角面的形态和几何特征基本无关.断层滑动速率与三角面坡度角间的正相关关系可用于解释观测数据的统计结果,如希腊和保加利亚的观测数据.  相似文献   

Unusual transition in quartzite dislocation creep regimes and crystal slip systems in the aureole of the Eureka Valley–Joshua Flat–Beer Creek pluton, California: a case for anhydrous conditions created by decarbonation reactions     

Sven S. Morgan  Richard D. Law 《Tectonophysics》2004,384(1-4):209-231

Microstructures and quartz c-axis fabrics were analyzed in five quartzite samples collected across the eastern aureole of the Eureka Valley–Joshua Flat–Beer Creek composite pluton. Temperatures of deformation are estimated to be 740±50 °C based on a modified c-axis opening angle thermometer of Kruhl (J. Metamorph. Geol. 16 (1998) 142). In quartzite layers located closest (140 m) to the pluton-wall rock contact, flattened detrital grains are plastically deformed and partially recrystallized. The dominant recrystallization process is subgrain rotation (dislocation creep regime 2 of Hirth and Tullis (J. Struct. Geol. 14 (1992) 145)), although grain boundary migration (dislocation creep regime 3) is also evident. Complete recrystallization occurs in quartzite layers located at a distance of 240 m from the contact, and coincides with recrystallization taking place dominantly through grain boundary migration (regime 3). Within the quartzites, strain is calculated to be lowest in the layers closest to the pluton margin based on the aspect ratios of flattened detrital grains.The c-axis fabrics indicate that a slip operated within the quartzites closest to the pluton-wall rock contact and that with distance from the contact the operative slip systems gradually switch to prism [c] slip. The spatial inversion in microstructures and slip systems (apparent “high temperature” deformation and recrystallization further from the pluton-contact and apparent “low temperature” deformation and recrystallization closer to the pluton-contact) coincides with a change in minor phase mineral content of quartzite samples and also in composition of the surrounding rock units. Marble and calc-silicate assemblages dominate close to the pluton-wall rock contact, whereas mixed quartzite and pelite assemblages are dominant further from the contact.We suggest that a thick marble unit located between the pluton and the quartzite layers acted as a barrier to fluids emanating from the pluton. Decarbonation reactions in marble layers interbedded with the inner aureole quartzites and calc-silicate assemblages in the inner aureole quartzites may have produced high X_CO2 (water absent) fluids during deformation. The presence of high X_CO2 fluid is inferred from the prograde assemblage of quartz+calcite (and not wollastonite)+diopside±K-feldspar in the inner aureole quartzites. We suggest that it was these “dry” conditions that suppressed prism [c] slip and regime 3 recrystallization in the inner aureole and resulted in a slip and regime 2 recrystallization, which would normally be associated with lower deformation temperatures. In contrast, the prograde assemblage in the pelite-dominated outer part of the aureole is biotite+K-feldspar. These “wet” pelitic assemblages indicate fluids dominated by water in the outer part of the aureole and promoted prism [c] slip and regime 3 recrystallization. Because other variables could also have caused the spatial inversion of c-axis fabrics and recrystallization mechanisms, we briefly review those variables known to cause a transition in slip systems and dislocation creep regimes in quartz. Our conclusions are based on a small number of samples, and therefore, the unusual development of crystal fabrics and microstructures in the aureole to the EJB pluton suggests that further study is needed on the effect of fluid composition on crystal slip system activity and recrystallization mechanisms in naturally deformed rocks.  相似文献   

A study of the 2 December 2002 (M5.5) Vartholomio (western Peloponnese, Greece) earthquake and of its largest aftershocks     

M 《Tectonophysics》2004,387(1-4):65-79

Broadband data from the Greek National Seismological Network are used to study the moderate size (M5.5) earthquake, which occurred on 2 December 2002 near the town of Vartholomio, in western Peloponnese (Greece). Time domain moment tensor inversion applied to retrieve the focal mechanism of the mainshock and of three of the larger aftershocks of the sequence, revealed almost pure strike-slip faulting along NW–SE or NE–SW trending nodal planes. The relative source time functions for the mainshock, obtained from an empirical Green's function analysis, do not reveal any clear directivity to any of the stations. A careful observer might suggest directivity towards NW, if any. Optimum values are 0.4 s for the rise time and 2.7 km/s for the rupture velocity. The spatial and temporal distribution of fault slip showed that the major part of the resolved slip occurred beneath the mainshock's epicenter, 20 km underneath the western coast of Peloponnese. This probably accounts for the considerable damage observed to the nearby towns. The resolution between the two nodal planes does not permit an identification of the fault plane; however the statistics on the slip distribution model, the preliminary analysis of aftershock locations and macroseismic data favour the NW–SE trending plane as the fault plane, which is connected with sinistral strike-slip motions. These are the first implications for sinistral strike-slip motions in this area and more data are needed in the future to get more reliable resolution of the motions.  相似文献