三江源南部草地退化时空特征分析     

张小咏  邵景安  黄麟 《地球信息科学学报》2008,10(5):645-650

本文利用三江源南部1977年MSS、1990年TM和2004年TM三期遥感影像,结合1∶10万地形图、1∶100万草地图、1∶100万植被图和野外考察等资料,分析该区草地退化的时空变化特征和规律。结果表明:该区草地总体呈轻度退化,即为轻度破碎化退化、轻度覆盖度下降、轻度破碎化和轻度覆盖度下降复合型退化,共占研究区退化总面积的84.3%;轻度退化草地主要散布在唐古拉山东北部区域,中度退化草地多数分布于河流、居民点周围,草地轻度沙化/盐化退化主要发生在湖盆周围、河岸附近、滩地等区域。草地退化面积随海拔高度升高近似于正态分布,退化面积集中4 400～5 300m左右。1977～1990年和1990～2004年前后两期草地退化面积占研究区草地面积12.6%和18.9%,指示着草地状况的恶化。同时,对前后两个时段比较发现,草地退化发生以破碎化为先导,随后发生覆盖度持续降低。沼泽和沼泽化草甸的变化反映了区内气候的趋干化。另外,受气候条件等因素的影响,前期草地和沼泽变化有转好迹象。  相似文献   

黄河源区冻土特征及退化趋势   总被引：17，自引：8，他引：9  

金会军  王绍令  吕兰芝  何瑞霞  常晓丽  罗栋梁 《冰川冻土》2010,32(1):10-17

黄河源区位于青藏高原多年冻土区东北部边缘地带,是季节冻土、岛状多年冻土和在大片连续多年冻土并存地带.多年冻土层在垂向分布上有衔接状和不衔接状两大类.不衔接状又可分为浅埋藏(8m)、深埋藏(8m)和双层多年冻土等形式.从20世纪80年代以来,源区气温以0.02℃.a-1增温率持续上升,人类经济活动日益增强,导致冻土呈区域性退化.多年冻土下界普遍升高50～80m,最大季节冻深平均减少了0.12m,浅层地下水温度上升0.5～0.7℃.冻土退化总体趋势是由大片状分布逐渐变为岛状、斑状分布,多年冻土层变薄,冻土面积缩小,融区范围扩大.部分多年冻土岛完全消失变为季节冻土.  相似文献   

青海锡铁山铅锌矿床硫同位素地球化学研究——深源与海水硫的混合   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

祝新友  王莉娟  朱谷昌  邓吉牛  樊俊昌 《岩石学报》2010,26(3):657-666

锡铁山铅锌矿床发育较为完整的喷流沉积系统,包括管道相、近喷口相、远端沉积相及各种喷流沉积岩,并有后期改造作用形成的脉状铅锌矿体。本文通过喷流沉积系统各部位硫化物硫同位素的分析,不同部位硫化物硫同位素组成不同,且规律性变化。以黄铁矿分析结果为例,网脉状石英钠长岩δ34S=+0.8‰,代表供给系统的硫化物脉2.95‰,非层状矿体4.48‰,层状矿体3.25‰,炭质片岩为+6.26‰,后期改造型铅锌矿脉为+2.93‰。代表管道相的网脉状石英钠长岩黄铁矿具有深源(幔源)的硫同位素组成,而矿体或大理岩上盘炭质片岩具有海水硫来源的特点。矿体的硫介于二者之间,更靠近炭质片岩的硫化物同位素组成,其来源可能更多受海水硫酸盐的制约,即锡铁山矿床硫具有混合来源性质,主要是海水硫酸盐的还原,部分来源于深部卤水的供给。硫的还原方式以生物细菌还原为主。层状矿体中硫同位素组成由早至晚δ34S逐渐降低,表明层状矿体成矿作用过程中,发生了生物成因的H2S的大量加入。  相似文献   

Non-diffusive propagation of ultra high energy cosmic rays     

G. A. Medina Tanco  E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino  J. E. Horvath 《Astroparticle Physics》1997,6(3-4):337-342

We report the results of 3D simulations of non-diffusive propagation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) (E > 10²⁰ eV) through the intergalactic and extended halo media. We quantify the expected angular and temporal correlations between the events and the sources, and the temporal delay between protons and gamma-ray counterparts with a common origin for both halo and extragalactic origins. It is shown that the proposed UHECR-supergalactic plane source associations require either extremely high values of the halo magnetic field over as much as 100 kpc length scale or a very large correlation length for the IGM, even for the largest possible values of the intergalactic magnetic field. It can be stated that the UHECR seem to point to the sources even more strongly than previously believed. The simulations also show that the calculated time delays between UHE protons and gamma-ray counterparts do not match the claimed GRB-UHECR associations for either cosmological or extended halo distance scales.  相似文献   

The sources of geogenic arsenic in aquifers at Datong basin,northern China: Constraints from isotopic and geochemical data     

Xianjun Xie  Yanxin Wang  Andre Ellis  Chunli Su  Junxia Li  Mengdi Li 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2011

Mineralogical, geochemical and zircon U–Pb dating studies were carried out to identify the sources of arsenic in the shallow aquifers of Datong Basin in northern China. A sediment sample from 18 m depth containing 10.3 mg/kg arsenic showed a Zircon U–Pb concordant age of 2528 ± 20 to 271 ± 4 Ma that can be divided into two groups (2528 ± 20 to 1628 ± 21 Ma and 327 ± 4 to 271 ± 4 Ma) and is comparable to that of the sedimentary rocks of Taiyuan (upper Carboniferous) and Shanxi Formation (lower Permian) outcropping to the west of Datong Basin. In contrast, a sediment sample from 22.5 m depth containing 5.7 mg/kg arsenic displayed a Zircon U–Pb concordant age ranging from 2561 ± 21 to 1824 ± 26 Ma that is comparable to that of the Hengshan Complex (Ne-Archaean Precambrian) outcropping to the east of .  相似文献   

Seasonal variations of cross correlations of seismic noise in Israel     

N. Kraeva  V. Pinsky  A. Hofstetter 《Journal of Seismology》2009,13(1):73-87

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The behaviors and sources of dissolved arsenic and antimony in Bohai Bay     

Li-Qin Duan  Jin-Ming Song  Xue-Gang Li  Hua-Mao Yuan 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

In this paper, we determined the concentrations of antimony species (antimonite (Sb(III)), antimonate (Sb(V)) and dissolved inorganic antimony (DISb)) and arsenic, in Bohai Bay seawaters, as well as the relationships of the analytes with environmental factors such as seawater characteristics (e.g., suspended particulate material (SPM), salinity and total organic carbon (TOC)), heavy metals, nutrients and phytoplankton species, and evaluated the sources of arsenic and antimony. Dissolved arsenic and antimony concentrations in the surface waters were ranging spatially from 1.03 to 1.26 ng/ml and 0.386 to 1.075 ng/ml, with mean values of 1.18 and 0.562 ng/ml, respectively. Sb(V) as the prominent chemical species constituted about 89%. Regarding arsenic concentrations in the surface waters, there was a tendency for a small variation. However, antimony species concentrations were much variable than arsenic. The highest arsenic and antimony concentrations were found near the Haihe Estuary. These distribution patterns were controlled mainly by environmental factors, biological activities and sources. In this region, DISb and Sb(V) negatively correlated with salinity. Besides, arsenic and antimony correlated well with the nutrients, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton, implying that arsenic and antimony had been involved in biological cycling. In addition, according to our estimate, about 333.5×10⁸ mg/year of arsenic and 454.2×10⁸ mg/year of antimony reached Bohai Bay via rivers.  相似文献   

Analysis of travel time,sources of water and well protection zones with groundwater models          下载免费PDF全文

ZHOU Yang-xiao  Parvez Sarwer Hossain  Nico van der Moot 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(4):363-374

This study compares numerical models with analytical solutions in computing travel times and radius of protection zones for a pumping well located in an unconfined aquifer with uniform recharge and in a semi-confined aquifer. Numerical models were capable of delineating protection zones using particle tracking method in both cases. However, protection zones defined by travel time criterion can only protect small percent of source water to the well; large percent of source water is not protected which may pose a risk of pollution of source water to the well. The case study of Leggeloo well field in the Netherlands indicates that although a well field protection area was enforced in 1980s, elevated nitrate concentration has been monitored in the abstracted water since 1990s. The analysis of protection areas shows that the current protection area only protects 37.4% of recharge water to the well field. A large protection area must be adopted in order to safeguard the sustainable water supply for the local community  相似文献   

Regional Scale Seismological Investigation on the Continent Crust Using Airgun Sources——A Perspective Review   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Wang Weitao  Wang Baoshan  Jiang Shengmiao  Hu Jiupeng  Zhang Yuansheng 《中国地震研究》2018,32(3):315-329

The investigations on the structure and temporal variations of the continent crust have been the long-lasting topics of seismology. The artificial sources play the most important role in these studies for their well-known locations and occur times among all the sources producing elastic waves, so that precise results are obtained. In past decades, we have successfully excited the airgun sources in on-land water bodies such as reservoirs, expanding their applications in marine seismology. Large volume airguns have been used to produce low frequency signals which can travel hundreds of kilometers after stacking, providing a source connecting the exploration seismology and traditional seismology at regional scale. In this review, we introduce the changes through which we turn the airgun into scientific instruments by experiments. We also present the advances on imaging the continental crust structure and monitoring the velocity variations using the highly repeatable signals emitted by airgun sources. The potential applications such as imaging the subsurface of urban areas and high resolution illuminating of mines are proposed and the challenges for further investigations are also discussed.  相似文献   

河北金厂峪金矿控矿构造特征与成矿物质来源   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

宋扬  王瑞江  胡建中  谭应佳  石成龙  王涛 《地质学报》2011,85(1):78-87

金厂峪金矿是我国华北板块北缘大型金矿床之一,矿床产在晚太古宙褶皱绿岩带中,矿石类型主要包括含金钠长石脉和含金石英脉两种.控矿构造研究表明,在两期区域性褶皱作用下,形成的金厂峪复背斜及与之相关的北北东向挤压片理化带是金厂峪金矿的主要控矿构造.在片理化和蚀变过程中围岩斜长角闪岩的Fe2O3、CaO、MgO等成分被明显带出,...  相似文献