厦门外来植物入侵风险评价指标体系的建立——以互花米草入侵风险评价为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

欧健  卢昌义 《台湾海峡》2006,25(3):437-444

本文结合前人在生物入侵风险评价方面的研究成果，针对厦门市外来植物入侵现状，建立了厦门地区外来植物入侵风险评价指标体系及评价方法．该指标体系由6个一级指标，17个二级指标构成．通过文献资料分析、实地调研等手段，以厦门海域主要的入侵植物互花米草为例，评价其风险分值为85，入侵风险等级为“不可接受”．此外，本文还选取其他19种外来植物进行了风险评价与风险等级划分，结果表明。互花米草在20种外来植物中风险分值列第三，评价结果与其危害现状相符．  相似文献   

胶州湾典型河口湿地土壤无机碳分布及影响因素     

郗敏  隋晓敏  孔范龙  李悦  王筱彤 《地理科学》2018,38(9):1551-1559

选择胶州湾大沽河与洋河河口湿地作为研究区,按平行于海岸带方向的光滩和垂直于海岸带方向的河漫滩分层采集土壤样品,测定土壤无机碳（Soil inorganic carbon,SIC）含量、相关离子含量及土壤理化性质,应用Duncan方法及Pearson方法对SIC含量进行组间数据差异显著性分析和相关性分析。结果表明：光滩SIC含量总体呈现距入海口越远,SIC含量越高的趋势,水体的冲刷作用是导致该现象的主要原因。随距海距离增加,河漫滩SIC含量总体呈现先降低后升高的趋势,主要受人类活动等综合因素的影响。互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）入侵使SIC含量明显降低,这是入侵物种根系的转化作用所导致的。养殖活动改变了养殖池塘自身环境因子,进而改变了SIC分布规律,表现为其总体SIC含量高于光滩。相关性分析表明,SIC含量与土壤含盐量、土壤溶解性无机碳含量及土壤pH呈显著正相关。  相似文献   

Hydrodynamics and Associated Sediment Transport over Coastal Wetlands in Quanzhou Bay, China     

王爱军 《海洋工程》2011,25(1):59-72

Coastal salt marshes represent an important coastal wetland system. In order to understand the differences between boundary layer parameters of vegetated and unvegetated areas, as well as the mechanisms of sediment transport, several electromagnetic current meters (AEM HR, products of Alec Electronics Co. Ltd.) were deployed in coastal wetlands in Quanzhou Bay, China, to measure current velocity. During the low tide phase, the surficial sediment was collected at 10 m intervals. In situ measurements show that the current velocities on the bare flat were much higher than those in the Spartina alterniflora marsh. Current velocity also varied with distance from marsh edge and plant canopy height and diameter. Around 63% of the velocity profiles in the tidal creek can be described by a logarithmic equation. Over the bare flat and Spartina alterniflora marsh, a logarithmic profile almost occurs during the flood tide phase. Sediment analysis shows that mean grain size was 6.7 Φ along the marsh edge, and surface sediments were transported from bare flat to marsh; the tidal creeks may change this sediment transport pattern. The hydrodynamics at early flood tide and late ebb tide phases determined the net transport direction within the study area.  相似文献   

闽江河口湿地互花米草钾元素分布、积累与季节动态   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

章文龙  曾六福  张林海  曾从盛 《地理研究》2011,30(11):2076-2082

选取闽江河口湿地入侵植物互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）为研究对象,测定其各个构件生物量和钾元素含量季节变化,结果表明：互花米草地上部分各个构件钾元素含量从春季到冬季逐渐减少,除夏季外,其余季节绿茎和绿叶钾元素含量显著高于立枯部分（P〈0．05）,花仅出现在秋冬季节,且在秋季钾元素含量达到峰值（8...  相似文献   

浙江省三门湾北部潮滩互花米草遥感研究     

付雅晴  印萍  高飞  刘冬雁  曹轲  田元 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,52(1):134-144

浙江省三门湾地区潮滩互花米草扩散迅速,已成为潮滩主要植被类型,挤占滩涂生态空间,降低海湾纳潮量,引起滩涂淤长和水交换能力下降,互花米草入侵和扩散问题引起当地生态环境和海洋管理部门高度关注。本文利用Landsat和Sentinel-2系列卫星遥感数据,结合无人机摄影测量,对三门湾北部潮滩近20年来互花米草分布和变化进行分析,结果表明,近20年间三门湾北部潮滩互花米草快速扩张,面积由2000年的21.8 km²增加到2017年高峰值为38.6 km²,年扩展面积近1 km²,主要分布在宁海县的一市港、双盘涂、三山涂和象山县的蟹钳港等湾顶潮滩区。2017年后,部分互花米草生长的上部潮滩被改造为海水养殖池,总体上互花米草面积有所下降,到2020年4月份统计的互花米草面积为34.9 km²,但潮滩下部米草扩增趋势仍然持续。扩增主要为沿潮沟两侧及先斑块后连续的特征。高程、人类活动引起的水动力环境改变是互花米草面积变化的主要因素。  相似文献   

底物和电子受体对互花米草湿地沉积物甲烷产生潜力的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鄂焱  仝川  王维奇  姚顺  杨红玉 《湿地科学与管理》2010,6(1):49-54

采用室内厌氧培养法研究闽江河口潮汐盐湿地甲烷产生不同底物(醋酸、甲醇和三甲胺)及电子受体(SO42-、NO3-和NH4+)对外来入侵种互花米草Spartinaalterniflora湿地表层沉积物甲烷产生潜力的影响,结果表明:盐湿地非竞争性甲烷产生底物中的甲醇对互花米草湿地表层沉积物甲烷产生潜力的促进作用最大,高于醋酸和三甲胺,且3种底物的添加均在培养5d后对沉积物甲烷产生潜力的促进作用最为明显;随着培养时间的增加,不同浓度的SO42-、NO3-、NH4+的添加对沉积物甲烷产生潜力的影响呈现出抑制作用或无抑制作用2种结果,添加电子受体的浓度越高,对沉积物甲烷产生潜力的抑制作用越显著。  相似文献   

射阳河口互花米草入侵对大型底栖动物群落的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯森林  余晓韵  鲁长虎 《海洋湖沼通报》2012,(1):137-146

2008年11月至2009年10月,在盐城自然保护区射阳河口滩涂分别于潮间带、潮上带和潮沟中设置互花米草区与非米草区2类对照样地(共6类生境),按月份取样来研究大型底栖动物群落特征的差异,探讨互花米草入侵对底栖动物的影响。共发现大型底栖动物22种,隶属3门4纲17科,其中软体动物13种,节肢动物6种,环节动物3种。米草区和非米草区的物种组成不同,各生境在不同月份大型底栖动物的物种数、密度、生物量和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均在不断波动,在潮间带上述指标均为In>Ig,潮上带除密度外均为Sn>Sg,潮沟边滩除个别月份外均为Cg>Cn;3类互花米草生境中大型底栖动物群落各项指标月间变动趋势基本一致(仅个别月份例外),均表现为Cg>Sg>Ig,互花米草生境存在共同的优势种,但数量有一定的差异。分别对潮间带、潮上带和潮沟中互花米草区与非米草区2类对照样地的物种数、密度、生物量以及Shannon-Weiner多样性指数H’进行生境-月份间无重复双因素方差分析,结果显示潮间带2类对照样地各项指标在生境间差异均极显著,月份间差异均不显著;潮上带2类对照样地各项指标生境间存在极其显著的差异(除密度外),月份间差异显著(除多样性外);潮沟2类对照样地生境间差异显著(除生物量外),月份间差异均显著。研究结果表明不同生境中的互花米草对底栖动物的影响不甚相同:潮间带互花米草的入侵降低了大型底栖动物的物种数、密度、生物量和多样性;潮沟米草的入侵提高了大型底栖动物的物种数、密度和多样性;而潮上带米草入侵对大型底栖动物的各指标影响不一。  相似文献   

Sediment remobilisation from decomposing cordgrass (Spartina anglica) patches on a wave‐exposed intertidal flat     

Andrew Swales  Ron Ovenden  Iain T. MacDonald  Andrew M. Lohrer  Karen L. Burt 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(6):1305-1319

Abstract

Concerns about the potential adverse effects of Spartina invasion on New Zealand estuaries, such as habitat loss and degradation, have led to herbicide use to control its spread. An experiment was conducted in the Manukau Harbour (New Zealand) to determine sediment remobilisation rates (?E) from herbicide‐treated S. anglica patches. Paired treatment and control patches (≤25 m diam.) were monitored at two sites 500 m apart with different wave exposures. Above‐ (AGB) and below‐ground (BGB) biomass decomposition and AE were determined from repeat surveys over c. 2.5 years. Work done by waves (W), which integrates wave‐energy dissipation at the bed over time, was used as a surrogate measure of sediment transport potential. Complete AGB loss occurred in both treated patches within 3 months of initial herbicide application, whereas BGB (a matrix of roots and rhizomes) persisted much longer. An exponential decay model (r ² = 0.6) fitted to the site‐two treatment data predicted an c. 85% reduction in BGB after 5 years, whereas the BGB changes for the larger and more heterogeneous site‐one treatment were more complex. BGB was a better predictor of average bed elevation than AGB in multiple regression models and, although bed elevation decreased through time and with waves, BGB was positively related to bed elevation at both sites. AE was similar for both treatment patches (c. 0.05 and c. 0.06 m yr^‐1, P < 0.001, r² ≥ 0.97) and complete sediment loss was predicted to occur within 6–10 years. The site‐one control patch accumulated sediment (0.01 m yr^‐1 , P < 0.001, r ² = 0.81) whereas the more wave‐exposed site‐two control eroded (0.01 m yr^‐1, P = 0.0017, r ² = 0.61). The potential for adverse sediment effects resulting from Spartina control at wave‐exposed sites will be minimal if the treated areas are small relative to the size of the estuary.  相似文献   

On the potential of plant species invasion influencing bio‐geomorphologic landscape formation in salt marshes          下载免费PDF全文

Christian Schwarz  Tom Ysebaert  Wouter Vandenbruwaene  Stijn Temmerman  LiQuan Zhang  Peter M. J. Herman 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(14):2047-2057

Species invasions are known to change biotic and abiotic ecosystem characteristics such as community structure, cycling of materials and dynamics of rivers. However, their ability to alter interactions between biotic and abiotic ecosystem components, in particular bio‐geomorphic feedbacks and the resulting landscape configuration in tidal wetlands, such as tidal channels have not yet been demonstrated. We studied the impact of altered bio‐geomorphic feedbacks on geomorphologic features (i.e. tidal wetland channels), by comparing proxies for channel network geometry (unchanneled flow lengths, fractal dimension) over time between non‐invaded and invaded salt marsh habitats. The non‐invaded habitats (the south of eastern Chongming Island, Yangtze estuary, China) show little change in network geometry over time with a tendency for an increased drainage density. The invaded site (salt marshes in the north of eastern Chongming Island invaded by the exotic plant species Spartina alterniflora) showed a decreasing tendency in channel drainage density throughout and after the species invasion. This suggests that species invasions might not only affect biotic ecosystem characteristics, but also their ability to change bio‐geomorphic feedback loops, potentially leading to changes in existing geomorphologic features and therefore landscape configuration. Our results further suggest that the species invasion also altered sediment composition. Based on observations we propose a mechanism explaining the change in channel drainage density by an alteration in plant properties. The physical and physiological characteristics of the invading species Spartina alterniflora clearly differ from the native species Scirpus mariqueter, inducing different bio‐geomorphic feedback loops leading to the observed change in salt marsh channel configuration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

江苏中部海岸互花米草扩展对滩涂围垦的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱冬  高抒 《地理研究》2014,33(12):2382-2392

根据2001-2013年遥感影像和野外观测数据,对江苏中部海岸互花米草(Spartina alterniflora Loisel)在滩涂围垦期间的扩展过程进行定量化分析。结果显示：2001-2013年互花米草扩展对围垦的响应大体分为三个阶段：2001-2007年,海堤外米草面积较大,每年新增米草面积及米草年扩展率均和新增围垦面积变化同步,且相关性显著;2008-2010年,海堤外米草面积较小,但米草年扩展率仍然较高;2011-2013年,随着围垦的持续进行,米草扩展进入稳定期。因此,互花米草扩展对于滩涂围垦的不同速率和阶段具有不同的响应。若围垦时保留足够宽度的堤前米草,则围垦可以提高米草的年扩展率,其机理是互花米草种子产量和前缘淤积环境是影响米草扩展的主要因素,而围垦对这两方面都有影响。在后期滩涂围垦时,应保证堤外米草宽度在0.9~1 km之间,实现土地资源的可持续利用。  相似文献