Geochemical behavior and speciation modeling of rare earth elements in acid drainages at Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper deposit,Kerman Province,Iran     

Reza Sharifi  Farid MooreBehnam Keshavarzi 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2013

Acid mine drainage is a major source of water pollution in the Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper mine area. The concentrations of heavy metals and rare earth elements (REEs) in the host rocks, natural waters and acid mine drainage (AMD) associated with mining and tailing impoundments are determined. Contrary to the solid samples, AMDs and impacted stream waters are enriched in middle rare earth elements (MREEs) and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) relative to light rare earth elements (LREEs). This behavior suggests that REE probably fractionate during sulfide oxidation and acid generation and subsequent transport, so that MREE and HREE are preferentially enriched. Speciation modeling predict that the dominant dissolved REE inorganic species are Ln³⁺, Ln(SO₄)₂⁻, LnSO₄⁺, LnHCO₃²⁺, Ln(CO₃)₂⁻ and LnCO₃⁺. Compared to natural waters, Sarcheshmeh AMD is enriched in REEs and SO₄²⁻. High concentrations of SO₄²⁻ lead to the formation of stable LnSO₄⁺, thereby resulting in higher concentrations of REEs in AMD samples. The model indicates that LnSO₄⁺ is the dissolved form of REE in acid waters, while carbonate and dicarbonate complexes are the most abundant dissolved REE species in alkaline waters. The speciation calculations indicate that other factors besides complexation of the REE's, such as release of MREE from dissolution and/or desorption processes in soluble salts and poorly crystalline iron oxyhydroxy sulfates as well as dissolution of host rock MREE-bearing minerals control the dissolved REE concentrations and, hence, the MREE-enriched patterns of acid mine waters.  相似文献   

Total,methyl and organic mercury in sediments of the Southern Baltic Sea     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,88(1-2):388-395

Distribution of sedimentary mercury in the Southern Baltic was investigated. Sediment samples were collected from the Southern Baltic in the period from 2009 to 2011, and concentrations of sedimentary total mercury (average 102 ng/g, range 5.8–225 ng/g) and methyl mercury (average 261 pg/g, range 61–940 pg/g) were measured in the manner that the influence of both patchiness and seasonal changes were assessed. Moreover, sedimentary mercury extracted with organic solvent- the so-called organic mercury was also analyzed (average 425 pg/g, range 100–1440 pg/g). There is a statistically significant dependence between organic mercury and both methyl mercury and total mercury concentrations in the sediments. Methyl mercury contribution to total mercury varied from 0.12% to 1.05%, while organic mercury contributed to 2% of total concentration on average. The area studied, although mercury concentrations exceed threefold the geochemical background, can be regarded as moderately contaminated with mercury, and methylmercury.  相似文献   

The variability of δ34S and sulfur speciation in sediments of the Sulejów dam reservoir (Central Poland)     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2017,77(1):147-157

The study was carried out on the Sulejów dam reservoir (Central Poland). Water and sediment samples were collected between February and October 2006. Sulfur compounds in the sediment were chemically extracted and subjected to isotopic analysis.Large variability of SO₄²⁻ concentration in the water column (from 10.3 to 36.2 mg/dm³) and the isotopic composition of sulfur (δ³⁴S from 2.1 to 5.4‰) was observed. The main identified sources of SO₄²⁻ were watercourses, surface runoff, and phosphorus fertilizers.Both oxidized sulfur species (SO₄²⁻) and its reduced forms were found in sediments. Particular sulfur forms were characterized by large variations in both, concentrations and the isotopic composition of sulfur. SO₄²⁻ in the sediment and in the water column had different genesis. Bacterial oxidation of organic sulfur and its binding in SO₄²⁻ were observed in the sediment. Under reducing conditions, oxidized and organic sulfur is converted to H₂S which reacted with Fe or other metallic ions leading to metal sulfide precipitation. Monosulfides were shown to have a very low concentration, ranging up to 0.07 mg/g of sediment. The transformation of elemental sulfur from sulfides through their chemical oxidation occurred in the sediment.  相似文献   

Zum Einfluß des pH-Wertes und des Calciumgehaltes auf Metall-Fulvinsäure-Bindungen — Inversvoltammetrische und chemometrische Untersuchungen     

W. v. Tümpling  S. Geiß  J. Einax 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(6):320-325

The Influence of pH and Calcium Concentration on Metal-Fulvic Acid Bonds – Stripping Voltammetric and Chemometric Investigations. Electrochemically available metal concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn were analyzed in dependence of different concentrations of calcium, fulvic acids and pH by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPASV). A statistical experimental design was the base to minimize the number of experiments and to include the multifarious interactions between the independent variables (Ca concentration, concentration of fulvic acids and the pH value) and otherwise the electrochemically available metal concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn. At first analysis of experimental data was carried out by multiple linear regression. The main influence on available metal concentrations is the pH value especially for Cu. The Ca ion influence has not competitive effect and is only significant for Cd and Cu. It has an effect on the metal-fulvic acid-bonds. Two factor interactions exist for pH/fulvic acids and for Ca/fulvic acids too. The partial least squares regression (PLS) model was used to include the interactions between the metals Cd, Cu and Zn. For proving these two models the three parameters pH, Ca and fulvic acid were varied within the calibration range of the models and predicted values were compared with the experimental values. The approach with the PLS model is better than the approach with the multiple linear regression (normally used mathematical method of analysis of a factorial plan) with a relative error of 9.7% for modelling of Cd, 6.0% for Zn and 58% for Cu in relation to multiple linear regression with errors of 12% for Cd, 8.6% for Zn and 65% for Cu. The PLS modelling is a suited tool for modelling chemical interactions also in simulated natural matrices.  相似文献   

Iron speciation in interaction with organic matter: Modelling and experimental approach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. Weber  T. Allard  M.F. Benedetti 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):166

The present study aims to model iron speciation when interacting with natural organic matter. Experimental data for iron speciation were achieved with insolubilized humic acid as an organic matter analogue for 1.8 × 10^− 3 M and 1.8 × 10^− 4 M iron concentrations and 2–5 pH range. Combining EPR spectroscopy and chemical analysis allowed us to fit NICA-Donnan model parameters for both organic complexation of iron and oxides precipitation.  相似文献   

Metal ion binding to colloids from database to field systems     

M.F. Benedetti   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):81

Nowadays, environmental problems related to soil pollution with heavy metals are numerous, therefore, it is important to understand metals behaviour in aquatic sediments and soils and to estimate their transfer. The fate of metals in the environment is closely related to their interactions with the major reactive compartments (organic matter, iron and manganese oxides, clays). The objective of this work is to develop an approach based on the combination of several models to study metal ion speciation in different environmental systems. Models used to describe the interactions of metals with the main reactive phases in the soil are CD-MUSIC (amorphous and crystallized iron oxides), NICA-Donnan (organic matter and manganese oxides) and cationic ion exchange model (clays). First, this work implies the definition of generic parameters to describe the interactions of the studied metals with iron and manganese oxides and part of this information is missing in the literature. Then, after a validation of the approach by comparison with analytical results, this multi-surface model is applied to test sites corresponding to one soil and two riverine environments.These new models give good predictions of the behaviour of major and trace metal ions even in heterogeneous systems characteristic of natural environment. The measured free metal concentrations in the solution are in agreement with those obtained from model calculations. In the case of the soil test site, the soil solution composition and speciation are predicted using the soil major constituents characteristics.  相似文献   

Zinc speciation in steel plant atmospheric emissions: A multi-technical approach   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M.L. Sammut  Y. Noack  J. Rose 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,88(1-3):239

Epidemiological studies have provided evidence for the association of air particulate matter (PM) and heavy metals concentrations with adverse health effects for human population but also for environment. Even if the knowledge of PM and metals concentration is important, it has been clearly demonstrated that the chemical form of an element is essential to understand its environmental behaviour and its potential toxicity. Studies have demonstrated that zinc (Zn), particularly in its soluble forms, induces inflammatory response in lungs. As steel plant is an important heavy metals emitter, and as atmospheric emissions are rich in Zn, the aim of our work was to determine Zn bearing phase and speciation in steel work air particulate matter by a multi-technical approach including physical methods like SEM, Extended X-Rays Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and chemical techniques like ICP-AES and sequential leaching. Results show that Zn is mainly associated with two phases, (i) one insoluble phase which has been clearly identified, as Zn–Fe oxide and similar to franklinite, and (ii) one easily soluble phase, containing calcium and probably associated with carbonates which present a greater toxical potential for environment and human health.  相似文献   

太子河本溪城区段水体中重金属分布特征及形态分析     

王俭  马博健  于英潭  陆冰  王守鹏  刘琳  张雪  张朝星 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(1):94-100

为了解太子河本溪城区段河流水体中重金属分布特性及形态特征,对城区段河流干支流中的重金属Zn,Pb,Cd,Cu,M n,Cr,Se的含量和分布状况进行了分析,并使用PHREEQC软件对重金属存在形态进行了模拟计算。结果表明:采样区河段7种重金属中污染较重的为Mn和Cr,平均值均超过国家地表水环境质量Ⅳ类标准(GB 3838-2002)。多元统计分析表明,7种重金属可以归为两个主成分,其中第一主成分PC-I(Mn,Cd,Se)主要受人为污染因素的影响;第二主成分PC-Ⅱ(Zn)主要受自然地质背景影响。重金属污染指数范围在28. 49—473. 76之间,表明采样区段部分水体的重金属污染程度已超过可接受水平。形态分析表明,在水体中7种重金属大多以胶体(Cu(OH)_2)或沉淀(ZnCO_3、PbCO_3、MnCO_3等)的形态存在,溶解态含量较低。本研究结果可为太子河本溪城区段水污染防治与河流水体修复提供参考。  相似文献   

Use of the Anion‐Exchange Resin Amberlite IRA‐93 for the Separation of Arsenite and Arsenate in Aqueous Samples     

M. Bissen  T. Gremm  Ü. Kklü  F. H. Frimmel 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(1):41-46

The method described uses the separation of As(III) and As(V) species in aqueous samples by means of the anion‐exchange resin Amberlite IRA‐93. The samples were acidified using acetic acid and passed through a glass column filled with pre‐treated Amberlite IRA‐93 resin. As(III) was poorly adsorbed on the anionic exchanger material, whereas As(V) was retained. The arsenic concentration was measured in the column effluent by graphite furnace AAS (GF‐AAS). The retained As(V) was eluted from the column using 1 M NaOH. Prior to the determination of the As(V) concentration in the NaOH eluate, the eluate was passed through a glass column filled with a cation‐exchange resin (Amberlite 200) to remove sodium ions and minimize the Na⁺ interference with the AAS determination. After calibration the method was applied to the separation of As(III) and As(V) species in two aqueous extracts of arsenic contaminated soils. The results were compared with those obtained from an on‐line separation and determination of As(III) and As(V) in the aqueous soil extracts using a state of the art HPLC‐ICP‐MS system.  相似文献   

A study on zinc speciation of Tungabhadra River sediments,Kurnool, south India: A tool in metal pollution monitoring     

Madakka Mekapogu  Jayaraju Nadimikeri  Pramod Kumar Madri  Sowjanya Devi 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(4):510-517

The Tungabhadra River is one of the sacred rivers in south India. Industrial and mining operations on its banks generate enormous amounts of effluent that have led to substantial metal and nutrient contamination of the aquatic system. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to assess variation in the physico-chemical characteristics and speciation of zinc in the water and sediment of the Tungabhadra River. Most of the metal ions in the collected samples were in high concentrations compared to the applicable standards. The Individual Contamination Factor (ICF) of Zn was found to be more at Site-B compared to sites A and C. Zinc-bearing particles were characterized by the different morphologies measuring from large colloidal to small particles which were associated with biological structures or may be present in amorphous nature which were observed by Transition electron microscopy (TEM) with X-EDS (Energy dispersive spectrometry). In conclusion, the level of Zn contamination in the Tungabhadra River is increasing at an alarming rate due to industrial activities.  相似文献