GEOPHYSICS     

《Abstract of Chinese Geological Literature》2014,(3)

正20141316 Chen Qiangsen(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China);Bao Xuewei The Crustal Velocity Structure of the Ordos Block and Its Southern Edge Revealed from the Ambient Seismic Noise Extraction(Geological Journal of China Universities,ISSN1006-7493,CN32-1440/P,19(3),2013,p.504-512,7 illus.,33 refs.)  相似文献   

Main Structural Styles and Deformation Mechanisms in the Northern Sichuan Basin, Southern China   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

TANG Liangjie  GUO Tonglou  JIN Wenzheng  YU Yixin  LI Rufeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(3):543-553

The Triassic Jialingjiang Formation and Leikoupo Formation are characterized by thick salt layers. Three tectono-stratigraphic sequences can be identified according to detachment layers of Lower-Middle Triassic salt beds in the northern Sichuan Basin, i.e. the sub-salt sequence composed of Sinian to the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation, the salt sequence of the Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation and Mid-Triassic Leikoupou Formation, and the supra-salt sequence composed of continental clastics of the Upper-Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Jurassic and Cretaceous. A series of specific structural styles, such as intensively deformed belt of basement-involved imbricated thrust belt, basement-involved and salt-detached superimposed deformed belt, buried salt-related detached belt, duplex, piling triangle zone and pop-up, developed in the northern Sichuan Basin. The relatively thin salt beds, associated with the structural deformation of the northern Sichuan Basin, might act as a large decollement layer. The deformation mechanisms in the northern Sichuan Basin included regional compression and shortening, plastic flow and detachment, tectonic upwelling and erosion, gravitational sliding and spreading. The source rocks in the northern Sichuan Basin are strata underlying the salt layer, such as the Cambrian, Silurian and Permian. The structural deformation related to the Triassic salt controlled the styles of traps for hydrocarbon. The formation and development of hydrocarbon traps in the northern Sichuan Basin might have a bearing upon the Lower-Middle Triassic salt sequences which were favorable to the hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. The salt layers in the Lower-Middle Triassic formed the main cap rocks and are favorable for the accumulation and preservation of hydrocarbon.  相似文献   

Basin- and Mountain-Building Dynamic Model of “Ramping-Detachment-Compression” in the West Kunlun-Southern Tarim Basin Margin     

CUI Junwen  LI Pengwu  GUO Xianpu  DING Xiaozhong  TANG Zhemin 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(2):358-370

Analysis of the deformation structures in the West Kunlun-Tarim basin-range junction belt indicates that sediments in the southwestern Tarim depression were mainly derived from the West Kunlun Mountains and that with time the region of sedimentation extended progressivdy toward the north. Three north-underthrusting （subducting）, steep-dipping, high-velocity zones （bodies） are recognized at depths, which correspond to the central West Kunlun junction belt （bounded by the Kiida-Kaxtax fault on the north and Bulungkol-Kangxiwar fault on the south）, Quanshuigou fault belt （whose eastward extension is the Jinshajiang fault belt） and Bangong Co-Nujiang fault belt. The geodynamic process of the basin-range junction belt generally proceeded as follows： centering around the magma source region （which largely corresponds with the Karatag terrane at the surface）, the deep-seated material flowed and extended from below upward and to all sides, resulting in strong deformation （mainly extension） in the overlying lithosphere and even the upper mantle, appearance of extensional stress perpendicular to the strike of the orogenic belt in the thermal uplift region or at the top of the mantle diapir and localized thickening of the sedimentary cover （thermal subsidence in the upper crust）. Three stages of the basin- and mountain-forming processes in the West Kunlun-southern Tarim basin margin may be summarized： （1） the stage of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous rampingrapid uplift and rapid subsidence, when north-directed thrust propagation and south-directed intracontinental subduction, was the dominant mechanism for basin- and mountain-building processes; （2） the stage of Late Cretaceous-Paleogene deep-level detachment-slow uplift and homogeneous subsidence, when the dominant mechanism for the basin- and mountain-forming processes was detachment （subhorizontal north-directed deep-level ductile shear） and its resulting lateral propagation of deep material; and （3） the stage of Neogene-pre  相似文献   

北祁连造山带西段前造山期伸展构造特征——以肃北县鱼儿红地区为例     

王永和  孙南一 《西北地质》2001,(4)

北祁连山是著名的加里东期造山带 ,以往地质研究主要集中在建造和主造山期板块俯冲 -碰撞及陆内造山构造方面。作者通过在北祁连山西段区调填图 ,发现了一套基本顺层发育的拆离滑脱正断层、顺层韧性剪切带、流劈理及掩卧褶皱等 ,笔者对其构造样式、组合关系、运动学、动力学特征和相关建造的发育等进行了阐述、分析与讨论 ,认为它们是与前造山期裂谷盆地建造发育密切相关的同构造正断层型伸展构造群落。  相似文献   

太行山中北段拆离带型金矿的成矿作用研究     

牛树银  孙爱群 《华北地质矿产杂志》1997,12(1):67-74

阜平、赞皇隆起是太行山区中新生代伸展体制控制的变质核杂质，变质核杂岩的强烈隆升和东、西两邻断陷的大幅度沉降，在变质杂岩核的外围形成长期活动的正向拆离滑脱带。金很容易在拆离滑脱带中迁移，聚集成矿，为此，本文依据已有研究成果及找矿实践提出，在太行山中北段应注意寻找拆离滑脱带型金矿。  相似文献   

辽东半岛南部早白垩世变质核杂岩时空分布及动力学特征     

仲米山  张国仁  杨中柱  高福亮  吴子杰  潘玉啟  高永钊  王煊  王然 《地质与资源》1992,29(5):411-418

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Back-arc rifting in the Izu-Bonin Island Arc: Structural evolution of Hachijo and Aoga Shima Rifts   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Adam  Klaus Brian  Taylor Gregory F.  Moore Fumitoshi  Murakami Yukinobu  Okamura 《Island Arc》1992,1(1):16-31

Abstract Multi- and single-channel seismic profiles are used to investigate the structural evolution of back-arc rifting in the intra-oceanic Izu-Bonin Arc. Hachijo and Aoga Shima Rifts, located west of the Izu-Bonin frontal arc, are bounded along-strike by structural and volcanic highs west of Kurose Hole, North Aoga Shima Caldera and Myojin Sho arc volcanoes. Zig-zag and curvilinear faults subdivide the rifts longitudinally into an arc margin (AM), inner rift, outer rift and proto-remnant arc margin (PRA). Hachijo Rift is 65 km long and 20–40 km wide. Aoga Shima Rift is 70 km long and up to 45 km wide. Large-offset border fault zones, with convex and concave dip slopes and uplifted rift flanks, occur along the east (AM) side of the Hachijo Rift and along the west (PRA) side of the Aoga Shima Rift. No cross-rift structures are observed at the transfer zone between these two regions; differential strain may be accommodated by interdigitating rift-parallel faults rather than by strike- or oblique-slip faults. In the Aoga Shima Rift, a 12 km long flank uplift, facing the flank uplift of the PRA, extends northeast from beneath the Myojin Knoll Caldera. Fore-arc sedimentary sequences onlap this uplift creating an unconformity that constrains rift onset to ～1-2Ma. Estimates of extension (～3km) and inferred age suggest that these rifts are in the early syn-rift stage of back-arc formation. A two-stage evolution of early back-arc structural evolution is proposed: initially, half-graben form with synthetically faulted, structural rollovers (ramping side of the half-graben) dipping towards zig-zagging large-offset border fault zones. The half-graben asymmetry alternates sides along-strike. The present ‘full-graben’ stage is dominated by rift-parallel hanging wall collapse and by antithetic faulting that concentrates subsidence in an inner rift. Structurally controlled back-arc magmatism occurs within the rift and PRA during both stages. Significant complications to this simple model occur in the Aoga Shima Rift where the east-dipping half-graben dips away from the flank uplift along the PRA. A linear zone of weakness caused by the greater temperatures and crustal thickness along the arc volcanic line controls the initial locus of rifting. Rifts are better developed between the arc edifices; intrusions may be accommodating extensional strain adjacent to the arc volcanoes. Pre-existing structures have little influence on rift evolution; the rifts cut across large structural and volcanic highs west of the North Aoga Shima Caldera and Aoga Shima. Large, rift-elongate volcanic ridges, usually extruded within the most extended inner rift between arc volcanoes, may be the precursors of sea floor spreading. As extension continues, the fissure ridges may become spreading cells and propagate toward the ends of the rifts (adjacent to the arc volcanoes), eventually coalescing with those in adjacent rift basins to form a continuous spreading centre. Analysis of the rift fault patterns suggests an extension direction of N80°E ± 10° that is orthogonal to the trend of the active volcanic arc (N10°W). The zig-zag pattern of border faults may indicate orthorhombic fault formation in response to this extension. Elongation of arc volcanic constructs may also be developed along one set of the possible orthorhombic orientations. Border fault formation may modify the regional stress field locally within the rift basin resulting in the formation of rift-parallel faults and emplacement of rift-parallel volcanic ridges. The border faults dip 45–55° near the surface and the majority of the basin subsidence is accommodated by only a few of these faults. Distinct border fault reflections decreases dips to only 30° at 2.5 km below the sea floor (possibly flattening to near horizontal at 2.8 km although the overlying rollover geometry shows a deeper detachment) suggesting that these rifting structures may be detached at extremely shallow crustal levels.  相似文献   

广西栗木矿田花岗岩体地球化学特征制约因素及其动力学背景     

董业才  丁汝福 《矿产与地质》2016,(6):998-1005

对栗木矿田3个花岗岩体进行了岩石主量元素、微量元素的地球化学研究和分析,岩石化学成分具高铝高硅碱特征,属于高钾钙碱性岩系列;微量元素总量明显偏低,Eu强烈亏损,以富含Li、Rb贫Sr、Ba为特征,花岗岩浆分异度高或岩浆发生过充分的结晶分异作用;推断花岗质岩浆熔出后源区残留相为石榴石+斜长石+钾长石±角闪石±黑云母等组成的麻粒岩相,具深源的特征,在中高—高压条件下部分熔融形成的,同时,受氧逸度(f O 2)较低、水活度(αH 2 O)较低、水逸度(f H 2 O)较高的制约因素影响.通过对华南地区岩石圈深部动力学背景分析,认为岩石圈减薄合理地解释了本区栗木花岗岩体的形成机制.  相似文献   

Hydrochemical and sedimentary responses of paired High Arctic watersheds to unusual climate and permafrost disturbance,Cape Bounty,Melville Island,Canada     

Ted Lewis  Melissa J. Lafrenière  Scott F. Lamoureux 《水文研究》2012,26(13):2003-2018

High Arctic river responses to changing hydroclimatic and landscape processes are poorly understood. In non‐glacierized basins, snowmelt and rainfall generate river discharge, which provides first order control over fluxes. Further factors include the seasonality of precipitation, seasonal active layer development, and permafrost disturbance. These controls were evaluated in terms of sedimentary and biogeochemical fluxes from paired catchments at Cape Bounty, Melville Island, Nunavut during 2006–2009. Results indicate that the source of runoff can be more important than the amount of runoff for sediment, solutes, and organic yields. Although the snowmelt period is typically the most important time for these yields, heavy late summer precipitation events can create disproportionately large yields. Rainfall increases yields because it hydrologically connects areas otherwise isolated. Inorganic solute yields from late summer rainfall are higher because the thick active layer maximizes hydrologic interactions with mineral soils and generates high solute concentrations. Results also indicate that while the catchments are broadly similar, subtle topographic differences result in important inter‐catchment differences in runoff and suspended and dissolved loads. The East watershed, which had less extensive permafrost disturbance, consistently had higher concentrations of dissolved solids. These higher dissolved fluxes cannot therefore be explained by thermokarst features, but rather by deeper active layer development, due to a greater proportion of south‐facing slopes. Although warm temperatures in 2007 led to extensive active layer disturbance in the West watershed, because the disturbances were largely hydrologically disconnected, the total disturbed area was small, and inter‐annual variability in discharge was high, there was no detectable response in dissolved loads to disturbances. Sediment availability increased after 2007, but yields have largely returned to pre‐disturbance levels. Results indicate that seasonality and frequency‐magnitude characteristics of projected increases in precipitation must be considered along with active layer changes to predict the fluvial sedimentary and biogeochemical response to regional climate change. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The effects of tillage induced surface roughness,slope and discharge rate on soil detachment by concentrated flow: An experimental study     

Jiaqian Sun  Naichang Zhang  Mingxin Shi  Yanbin Zhai  Faqi Wu 《水文研究》2021,35(6):e14261

Soil erosion in sloping cropland is a key water and soil conservation issue in the Loess Plateau region, China. How surface roughness influences soil detachment remains unclear due to the inconsistent results obtained from existing studies. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of tillage practices on soil detachment rate in sloping cropland and establish an accurate empirical model for the prediction of soil detachment rates. A series of movable bed experiments were conducted on sloping surfaces under three different tillage practices (manual dibbling, manual hoeing, and contour drilling), with a smooth surface (non-tillage) as a control. The research indicated that soil detachment rate significantly increased with roughness (p < 0.05) since the average soil detachment rate was the highest under the contour drilling treatment (6.762 g m⁻² s⁻¹), followed by manual hoeing (4.180 g m⁻² s⁻¹), and manual dibbling (3.334 g m⁻² s⁻¹); the lowest detachment rate was observed under the non-tillage treatment (3.214 g m⁻² s⁻¹). Slope gradient and unit discharge rate were positively correlated with soil detachment rate and proved to be more influential than soil surface roughness. Four composite hydraulic parameters were introduced to estimate soil detachment rate on tilled surfaces. Regression analyses revealed that stream power was the most effective predictor of soil detachment rate compared with unit length shear force, shear stress, and unit stream power. By integrating surface roughness as a variable, the detachment rate could be accurately described as a nonlinear function of stream power and surface roughness. The results of the present study indicate that tillage practice could influence soil loss on sloping cropland, considering the higher soil detachment rates under all tillage practices tested compared with non-tillage. The results are attributed mainly to concentrated flow caused by the high water storage levels on tilled surfaces, which could damage surface microtopography and, subsequently, the development of headcuts.  相似文献