Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties     

Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen  Angela M. Davis  Jim D. Bennell  Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):221-243

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

利用物理模型三维纵波数据分析HTI介质的方位各向异性   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

尹志恒  李向阳  魏建新  狄帮让  张四海  吴满生 《地球物理学报》2012,55(11):3805-3812

本文通过理论计算、数值模拟与穹窿物理模型三维数据对比分析的方法,对HTI介质中纵波方位各向异性现象进行研究.主要是进行目的层动校正速度以及走时的分析.结果显示,理论数值与实验数值耦合较好,HTI介质会引起动校正速度以及走时随方位角呈现椭圆形的变化;同时发现,观测系统中最大偏移距与目的层深度的比值以及方位角分布对各向异性分析有较大影响. 三维纵波方位各向异性分析对于数据的观测系统设计以及数据质量有较高的要求.  相似文献   

介观尺度孔隙流体流动作用对纵波传播特征的影响研究——以周期性层状孔隙介质为例   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

邓继新  王尚旭  杜伟 《地球物理学报》2012,55(8):2716-2727

介观尺度孔隙流体流动是地震频段岩石表现出较强速度频散与衰减的主要作用.利用周期性层状孔隙介质模型,基于准静态孔弹性理论给出了模型中孔隙压力、孔隙流体相对运动速度以及固体骨架位移等物理量的数学解析表达式,同时利用Biot理论将其扩展至全频段条件下,克服了传统White模型中介质分界面处流体压力不连续的假设. 在此基础上对准静态与全频段下模型介质中孔隙压力、孔隙流体相对运动速度变化形式及其对弹性波传播特征的影响进行了讨论,为更有效理解介观尺度下流体流动耗散和频散机制提供物理依据.研究结果表明,低频条件下快纵波孔压在介质层内近于定值,慢纵波通过流体扩散改变总孔隙压力, 随频率的增加慢波所形成的流体扩散作用逐渐减弱致使介质中总孔压逐渐接近于快纵波孔压,在较高频率下孔压与应力的二次耦合作用使总孔压超过快纵波孔压.介质中孔隙流体相对运动速度与慢纵波形成的流体相对运动速度变化形式一致;随频率的增加孔隙流体逐渐从排水的弛豫状态过渡到非弛豫状态,其纵波速度-含水饱和度变化形式也从符合孔隙流体均匀分布模式过渡到斑块分布模式,同时介质在不同含水饱和度下的衰减峰值与慢纵波所形成的孔隙流体相对流动速度具有明显的相关性.  相似文献   

天津滨海地区浅层剪切波速与基底构造关系研究     

高武平  陈宇坤  任峰  闫成国  王志胜  杨菲 《中国地震研究》2012,26(4):512-519

Shear wave velocity is one of the important dynamic characteristics of soil layers and applied widely in aseismic engineering. In this paper, 500 drill logging data are used to make a linear interpolation based on 0.01°×0.01°×1m grid. A shallow 3-D shear wave velocity structure of Tianjin coastal area is obtained. According to the data and geological background, we selected two typical velocity profiles to try to introduce and explain its relationship to basement structure. The results show that the shear wave velocity structure clearly presents the characteristic of stratification and lateral inhomogeneity. Furthermore, the difference of the shear wave structure between tectonic elements is clear and the velocity structure between the two sides of the local or border fault in the Quaternary is disturbed or affected significantly. It intuitively shows that the basement structure and fault activity of this region had good control of sedimentation development and strata formation in the Quaternary period which would have an important effect on engineering seismic and geological condition evaluation.  相似文献   

利用噪声记录估计福建地区中上地壳体波速度结构     

李军  金星  鲍挺  林树  韦永祥  张红才 《中国地震研究》2012,26(3):310-320

In this paper,the dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave and Love wave were extracted from the seismic noise records of 25 broadband stations of the Fujian Seismic Network, and inverted for the lithosphere velocity structure. Furthermore,the velocity model was verified by the seismic explosion observations. Our results indicate that the resolution of the lithosphere velocity structure obtained by this method is good in the shallow part,but in the deep part,inversion accuracy for the wave velocity structure is low,which is caused mainly by the small inter-station distance chosen in the paper. Thus the wave dispersion curves have high accuracy in the short-period part,but the warp of the wave dispersion curve in long-period part is large. Considering the results from both the noise inversion and the traditional inversion,we finally present a new velocity model,and the theoretical travel time calculated with the new model matches the explosion travel time very well.  相似文献   

华北盆地强震孕育的动力学机制研究   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

朱守彪  张培震  石耀霖 《地球物理学报》2010,53(6):1409-1417

强震活跃区通常出现在地壳变形剧烈的地区.但是,华北盆地地壳变形速率小,而破坏性强震却十分频繁.文中利用有限元方法对华北盆地发震断层下方可能存在的速度异常体进行了力学分析,计算结果显示：无论这个异常区是低速异常还是高速异常,在水平构造力的作用下（无论是挤压还是引张力作用）,应力及应变能密度都在空间某些区域积聚.根据本文的工作及前人的研究结果,认为华北盆地强震孕育的物理机制如下：华北克拉通在减薄、破坏过程中,浸入的岩浆或上涌的地幔物质经过漫长的地质时期演化,成为低速异常体.当断裂带下面存在这种低速异常体时,水平向构造力的作用,会使异常体上方应力集中、应变能积聚.当异常体上方的应力水平达到某种限度,介质发生破坏.在破坏过程中,异常体释放的能量,使断裂带上的应变能集聚速度加快;另一方面,异常体的破坏使断层的闭锁面积减小.随着外部构造应力的持续加载,当发震断层上的应力及能量积累达到一定极限,断层产生错动,发生强震.同时,文中结果还显示,断层在从闭锁、积累能量到解锁、发生强震的过程中,其下方的低速异常体起着重要的推进作用.  相似文献   

热水条件下角闪石断层泥的摩擦滑动性质——与斜长石断层泥的对比   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

兰彩云  何昌荣  姚文明  靖晨 《地球物理学报》2010,53(12):2929-2937

基于速率与状态依赖性摩擦本构关系理论框架,在热水条件下研究了角闪石断层泥的摩擦滑动性质并与闪长岩的另一种主要矿物斜长石的摩擦滑动性质进行了对比.摩擦实验是在三轴实验系统上完成,有效正应力200 MPa,孔隙压力30 MPa,并将加载速率在1.22 μm/s和 0.122 μm/s之间实施了切换.结果表明角闪石的摩擦系数均值为0.70±0.01,随着温度增加没有系统性的变化,整体低于斜长石的摩擦系数(0.75±0.01);计算与实验表明,角闪石和斜长石的摩擦系数的体积分数加权平均值与闪长岩的摩擦系数基本一致;角闪石在实验温度范围内(100～614 ℃)显示速率强化(a-b>0),与斜长石在整个温度范围内的速率弱化(a-b<0)正好相反;角闪石的速率依赖性在整个实验温度范围内无系统性的变化.  相似文献   

Moveout approximation for horizontal transversely isotropic and vertical transversely isotropic layered medium. Part I: 1D ray propagation‡     

Igor Ravve  Zvi Koren 《Geophysical Prospecting》2010,58(4):577-597

Anisotropy in subsurface geological models is primarily caused by two factors: sedimentation in shale/sand layers and fractures. The sedimentation factor is mainly modelled by vertical transverse isotropy (VTI), whereas the fractures are modelled by a horizontal transversely isotropic medium (HTI). In this paper we study hyperbolic and non‐hyperbolic normal reflection moveout for a package of HTI/VTI layers, considering arbitrary azimuthal orientation of the symmetry axis at each HTI layer. We consider a local 1D medium, whose properties change vertically, with flat interfaces between the layers. In this case, the horizontal slowness is preserved; thus, the azimuth of the phase velocity is the same for all layers of the package. In general, however, the azimuth of the ray velocity differs from the azimuth of the phase velocity. The ray azimuth depends on the layer properties and may be different for each layer. In this case, the use of the Dix equation requires projection of the moveout velocity of each layer on the phase plane. We derive an accurate equation for hyperbolic and high‐order terms of the normal moveout, relating the traveltime to the surface offset, or alternatively, to the subsurface reflection angle. We relate the azimuth of the surface offset to its magnitude (or to the reflection angle), considering short and long offsets. We compare the derived approximations with analytical ray tracing.  相似文献   

Joint 3D processing of active and passive seismic data     

Aldo Vesnaver  Lara Lovisa  Gualtiero Böhm 《Geophysical Prospecting》2010,58(5):831-844

Passive seismic provides additional illumination sources in producing reservoirs, improving the Earth's imaging obtained by standard 3D seismic surveys. The joint tomographic inversion of surface and borehole data, both active and passive, even allows the delineation of thin reservoirs that cannot be resolved by reflection tomography. As an application example, we present a feasibility study for a real case of CO₂ geological storage, showing that this operation may benefit both environment and reservoir monitoring. The origin time of micro‐earthquakes due to production operations is critical for merging active and passive data. We show here that the Wadati's method is not accurate for borehole data in a layered earth model, when the ratio between P and S velocities is not constant, as occurs in most hydrocarbon reservoirs. This drawback can be solved by deploying a few receivers at the surface close to the well.  相似文献   

Influence of shallowness,bank inclination and bank roughness on the variability of flow patterns and boundary shear stress due to secondary currents in straight open-channels     

K. Blanckaert  A. Duarte  A.J. Schleiss 《Advances in water resources》2010

Boundary shear stress and flow variability due to its interaction with main flow and secondary currents were investigated under conditions that extend previous research on trapezoidal channels. Secondary currents that scale with the flow depth were found over the entire width in all experiments. These findings contradict the widespread perception that secondary currents die out at a distance of 2.5 times the flow depth from the bank, a perception which is largely based on experiments with smooth boundaries. The reported results indicate that a stable pattern of secondary currents over the entire channel width can only be sustained over a fixed horizontal bed if the bed's roughness is sufficient to provide the required transverse oscillations in the turbulent shear stresses. Contrary to laboratory flumes, alluvial river bed always provide sufficient roughness. The required external forcing of this hydrodynamic instability mechanism is provided by the turbulence-generated near-bank secondary currents. The pattern of near-bank secondary currents depends on the inclination and the roughness of the bank. In all configurations, secondary currents result in a reduction of the bed shear stress in the vicinity of the bank and a heterogeneous bank shear stress that reaches a maximum close to the toe of the bank. Moreover, these currents cause transverse variability of 10–15% for the streamwise velocities and 0.2u_*²–0.3u_*?² for the bed shear stress. These variations are insufficient to provide the flow variability required in river restoration projects, but nevertheless must be accounted for in the design of stable channels.  相似文献