Monitoring active fault creep as a tool in seismic hazard mitigation. Insights from creepmeter study at Chihshang,Taiwan     

Jian-Cheng Lee  Jacques Angelier  Hao-Tsu Chu  Jyr-Ching Hu  Fu-Shu Jeng 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(13):1200-1207

In 1998 we installed five creepmeters across the Chihshang Fault, the active plate suture in eastern Taiwan. Daily creepmeter data indicated decreasing creeping rate from 1999 to 2003, suggesting increasing seismic hazard. The fault was ruptured by the Chengkung earthquake ($\mathit{Mw}=6.6$) on 10 December 2003. Through extrapolation of our earlier creep data of 1986–1991 and 1992–1997, we evaluate the minimum deficit in aseismic creep shortening as 106 or 46 mm (respectively) before this earthquake. The near-surface co-seismic shortening was limited, but the total shortening resulting from the earthquake, including post-seismic creep, was about 97 mm. This suggests that near the surface most of the detectable deficit has been absorbed by this earthquake and subsequent creep. We thus point out that creepmeter installation and monitoring bring a powerful tool in seismic hazard mitigation. To cite this article: J.-C. Lee et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献   

Regional　Tectonic　Deformation　Background　and　Medium-　and　Short-Term　Precursors　to　the　Minle-Shandan　Earthquakes     

Zhang Xi 《中国地震研究》2005,19(1):12-21

INTRODUCTIONOnOctober 2 5,2 0 0 3,twoearthquakesofMS6 .1andMS5.8hitMinleandShandanofGansuProvinceinsuccession (at 38.4°N ,1 0 1 .2°E ;and 38.4°N ,1 0 1 .1°E) .Theseismicfaultisthrustandleft lateraltheMinle DamayingfaultwhichstrikesEWandisaffiliatedtot…  相似文献   

Significance of strain localization and fracturing in relation to hydrothermal mineralization at Mount Isa, Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Klaus Gessner  Peter A. Jones  Andy R. Wilde  Michael Kühn   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,89(1-3):129

The rheology of layered meta-sedimentary rocks, and their orientation and position relative to major fault systems were the key controls on Proterozoic hydrothermal copper mineralization at Mount Isa, Australia. Compositional layering in the host rock partitioned mechanical behavior and strain, leading to selective permeability generation and the focusing of fluid flow. Shale layers preferentially failed by plastic shearing, whereas meta-siltstones remained elastic or failed in tension depending on magnitude of deformation and fluid pressure. Numerical simulations support the hypothesis that the orientation of layering and the proximity to major fault systems controlled fracturing and permeability increase in the Urquhart shale. The dilating shale provided a pathway for an upward-flowing, reduced basement fluid, from which quartz was precipitated during cooling. During a later event, the reactivation of steep structures provided access to surface derived oxidized metal-bearing brine, causing the precipitation of dolomite followed by chalcopyrite ore in the brecciated silicified shale.  相似文献   

The effects of strain rate and saturation on a micro-cracked marble   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y?lmaz Mahmuto?lu 《Engineering Geology》2006,82(3):137-144

It is well known rock masses contain several types of weakness planes varying from micro-fissure to fault in size. The fracture frequency, degree of saturation and time are the basic rock parameters affecting its behaviour. However, in most cases, it is practically difficult to test heavily fractured rock in laboratory environment. In this study, the effects of micro cracks, strain rate and water saturation on strength are discussed using a small-scale physical experiments. It is attempted to detach the grain boundaries of coarse-grained rock specimens of the Mu?la marble by thermal treatment that would serve as a small-scale physical simulation of fractures in rock masses and enable a discussion of the variations in time dependent mechanical behaviour. An experimental study was conducted on marble specimens induced thermally by micro-cracks in different frequencies. The thermal treatment periods being 24 h in inert atmospheric condition were varied for each test specimen except categories A and G. Effective porosity increased up to 2.4% after the last thermal cycle of category F. Then conventional compression tests with different strain rates were carried out using a servo-controlled testing machine on both dry and saturated specimens. It is concluded that both lowering strain rates and increasing porosity related with thermally induced micro cracks have important effects on strength and failure path. The progressive failure entirely occurs along the grain boundaries fissured by cyclical treatment and inter-granular deformation depends upon degree of thermal influence. The small-scaled laboratory model enabled to demonstrate that parameters such as joint frequency, time and saturation have a significant effect on mechanical behaviour of rock masses.  相似文献   

青藏高原及邻区现今地应变率场的计算及其结果的地球动力学意义   总被引：17，自引：5，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

朱守彪  蔡永恩  石耀霖 《地球物理学报》2005,48(5):1053-1061

许多研究人员利用GPS测量的速度资料计算了地应变率场，但其结果差异较大. 本文将地质统计学中的Kriging方法引入到GPS观测的速度场研究中, 通过Kriging插值得到青藏高原及邻区均匀网格节点上的速度值，然后运用有限单元中形函数(Lagrange插值函数)的求导方法，计算每个网格单元积分点处的地应变率分量，从而获得青藏高原及邻区的地应变率场的分布. 计算结果显示，青藏高原主体处在南北向受挤压、东西向被拉张的应变状态之中，但高原东部地区则正好相反，即南北向拉张、东西向出现挤压. 青藏高原及邻区主应变率的方位与震源机制解中P轴、T轴的方向基本一致；最大主压应变率的高值区分布在喜马拉雅主边界冲断带及附近地区，高原内部出现主张应变率大于压应变率的现象，且高原内部处在拉张应变状态. 面膨胀率结果也表明，喜马拉雅山及附近地区为面收缩区，而高原内部其他地区主要为膨胀区；最大剪应变率分布清晰地显示出青藏高原周边的主要断裂带轮廓. 文中的应变率计算结果预示青藏高原及周边地区现今的地应变与较长期的地质活动之间有一定的继承关系.  相似文献   

华北地区近期地壳水平运动与应力应变场特征   总被引：49，自引：7，他引：42  

江在森  张希  陈兵  薛富平 《地球物理学报》2000,43(5):657-665

利用华北GPS监测网 1 992年、1 995年、1 996年的观测资料 ,应用最小二乘配置给出了华北地区相对水平位移场、应变场的分布图像 .经初步研究表明 :华北地区 1 992-1 995年间的水平位移和应变场表现为整体性不均匀的压性运动 ,1 995- 1 996年测区东部仍以水平压性运动为主 ,但测区西部则主要表现为张性运动 .水平运动 （方向、大小 ）发生显著变化和应变高值区的地带主要位于块体边界带和主要断裂带附近 .燕山断块南边界的北东向断裂存在着较显著的左旋运动 .区内最大剪应变、面膨胀的高值区在天津、北京、唐山一带 .结合非连续变形数值分析方法 （DDA）初步分析认为 ,1 992- 1 995年GPS观测结果显示的华北地区存在东、西部构造应力作用的明显差别 ,华北东部以东西向压应力作用为主 ,而西部的南北向构造应力作用又明显大于东部 .  相似文献   

脆性材料强破裂前兆的初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

许峻  杨润海  张建国  许昭永 《地球物理学报》2011,54(9):2283-2292

本文依据现有的实验结果初步研究脆性材料在破坏孕育过程中发生的强破裂的前兆特征.以应变(形变)突变、破裂弹性波限幅等物理变化特征确定强破裂;研究总结了不同试样、两种加载方式的破坏试验中的多个强破裂的前兆特征变化:一类为包括定点和场的应变变化特征,另一类为包括声发射率(破裂频度)、b值、波谱及微破裂时空分布等的声发射变化....  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000393     

Yadong Zheng  Erchie Wang  Jinjiang Zhang  Tao Wang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(1):23-34

Wide-open V-shaped conjugate strike-slip faults in Asia are typically related to extrusion tectonics. However, the tectonic model based on the slip-line theory of plasticity has some critical problems associated with it. The conjugate sets of slip-lines in plane deformation, according to the theory of plasticity should be normal to each another but, in reality, the angles between the conjugate strike-slip faults, which are regarded as slip-lines in extrusion tectonics in the eastern Mediterranean, Tibet-middle Asia, China and the Indochina Peninsular regions, are always more than 90° (on average 110°) in the direction of contraction. Another problem is that the slip-line theory fails to explain how, in some cases, e.g., in the Anatolian area in the eastern Mediterranean, the extrusion rate is much higher than the indent rate. The two major problems are easy to solve in terms of the Maximum-Effective-Moment (MEM) Criterion that predicts that orientations of the shear zones are theoretically at an angle of 54.7° and practically at angles of 55°±10° with the σ1- or contractional direction. The orientations of the strike-slip faults that accommodate extrusion tectonics are, therefore, fundamentally controlled by the MEM Criterion. When extrusion is along the MEM-orientations, the extruding rate is normally higher than the indenting rate.  相似文献   

2022年1月8日青海门源MS6.9地震震前变形特征分析     

苑争一  赵静  牛安福 《中国地震》2022,38(3):389-398

2022年1月8日1时45分27秒青海海北藏族自治州门源县发生 M_S6.9地震,基于大地测量资料详细分析震源区的构造运动、应变演化以及深部变形特征,对于发震机理及震后危险性分析具有重要的意义。本文利用1991—2016、2017—2020期中国大陆地区GNSS速度场,分析了青藏高原东北缘各断裂带的运动学特征、门源地震震中和周边区域的地壳应变及其动态演化特征;结合剖面投影和非线性拟合算法,定量计算了托莱山、冷龙岭断裂的滑动速率和闭锁深度,得到以下认识:①青藏高原东北缘不同断裂带的运动学特征差异较大,整体以地壳缩短运动为主,局部区域伴随旋转运动; ②震中位于面膨胀率和最大剪应变率高值区的边缘,与前人关于强震地点的认识基本一致; ③区域应变参数的时空演化过程显示,震中附近应变特征整体变化不大,表明断层可能处在孕震晚期阶段; ④托莱山断裂带具有较高的滑动速率和闭锁深度,结合库仑应力的研究结果认为,该断裂未来一段时间的地震危险性仍值得关注。  相似文献   

Influence of structural position on fracture networks in the Torridon Group,Achnashellach fold and thrust belt,NW Scotland     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

In fold-and-thrust belts rocks undergo deformation as fold geometries evolve. Deformation may be accommodated by brittle fracturing, which can vary depending on structural position. We use 2D forward modelling and 3D restorations to determine strain distributions throughout folds of the Achnashellach Culmination, Moine Thrust Belt, NW Scotland. Fracture data is taken from the Torridon Group; a thick, coarse grained fluviatile sandstone deposited during the Proterozoic. Modelling infers a correlation between strain and simple curvature; we use simple curvature to infer how structural position and strain control fracture attribute variations in a fold and thrust belt.In high curvature regions, such as forelimbs, fracture intensities are high and fractures are short and oriented parallel to fold hinges. In low curvature regions fractures have variable intensities and are longer. Fracture orientations in these regions are scattered and vary over short distances. These variations do not relate to strain; data suggests lithology may influence fracturing. The strain history of fold structures also influences fracturing; structures with longer deformation histories exhibit consistent fracture attributes due to moderate-high strain during folding, despite present day low curvature. This is in contrast to younger folds with similar curvatures but shorter deformation histories. We suggest in high strain regions fracturing is influenced by structural controls, whereas in low strain regions lithology becomes more important in influencing fracturing.  相似文献