空间分辨率对中国夏季降水时空演变特征的影响     

谢子璜  胡轶佳  朱益民  哈瑶 《气象科学》2024,44(2):280-291

本文使用1979—2021年国家气候中心160站(R₁₆₀)和国家级地面气象观测站2 314站(R₂₃₁₄)逐月降水观测资料,利用EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function)分解和相关分析等方法,研究两类资料夏季降水时空变化特征及其与海气因素之间物理联系的表征水平差异,并分析了差异的可能原因。结果表明,R₁₆₀在我国西北、青藏高原等地区站点极为稀疏,导致其各EOF模态对上述地区降水的时空变化特征描述失真,中东部地区偏低的空间分辨率会使局地强降水的变化特征信号损失,造成降水的年际变率降低。而R₂₃₁₄主模态能够更为真实地反映我国降水的时空演变特征,特别是在极端降水频发的江淮地区以及降水受局地地形影响较大的山区,其EOF主模态的空间分布和时间系数演变与ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation)、西太平洋副热带高压、青藏高原雪盖等气候强迫信号之间的相关性更为显著。  相似文献   

雅安雨量站站网布设优化试验     

吴薇  杜冰  周春花  黄晓龙  郭旭 《气象科技》2023,51(6):805-814

雨量监测的准确性对天气预报、气候变化、服务决策、防灾减灾等有着重要的影响和意义,而雨量站网布设直接影响雨量监测的准确性。选取四川省雅安市作为研究对象,在现有站网布设的基础上,采用相关性分析,提出基于抽站的站网布设优化方法,并对抽站后的站网布设合理性进行评价。结果表明：(1)雅安雨量站有265站,各站点的控制面积为2.64～510.78 km²,邻近站间距离为0.3～12.28 km,邻近站间降水相关系数为0.62～0.993;(2)逐次抽站后,雨量站控制面积和邻近站间距离逐渐增大,邻近站点间降水相关系数逐渐减小;(3)抽站后站网面雨量与原站网面雨量较一致,误差较小,泰森多边形法面雨量变化幅度小于算术平均法;(4)从降水过程来看,各次抽站后,降水落区和各量级降水范围基本一致,站网对降水极值的捕捉能力较好,误差较小,但随着站点数的减少,对于降水形态刻画的精细程度有所下降。  相似文献   

现今绝对板块运动   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏子卿 《地球科学与环境学报》2009,31(4):331-343

根据热点假设,热点对于中间层是固定的.相对热点的板块运动叫做绝对板块运动.绝对板块运动模型可以通过反演火山链传播的速率和走向数据以确定相对板块运动在角速度空间的原点来得到.利用一组近来(0～7.8 Ma)全球分布的热点的迁移速率和走向数据,结合板块运动模型NNR-NUVEL1A,已研制出一个叫做APM2的现今绝对板块运动模型.按照该模型,太平洋板块围绕60.063°S、102.210°E处的极以(0.833 0°±0.013 3°)/Ma的速率运动,非洲板块围绕46.849°N、44.372°W的极以(0.101 5°±0.013 4°)/Ma的速率运动,南极板块的运动则以46.871°N、146.942°E为极,速率为(0.084 6°±0.017 7°)/Ma,欧亚板块的运动更慢,极为27.291°N、171.925°W,速率为(0.065 5°±0.020 6°)/Ma.这一模型表明,岩石圈相对深部地幔有一个以49.423°S、90.625°E为极,速率为(0.198 3°±0.013 5°)/Ma的净旋转.表明太平洋热点同印度-大西洋热点不一致,显示太平洋热点的运动也不一致.为了分析和比较,还给出了仅用全球分布的热点的走向数据和仅用印度-大西洋热点的走向数据得到的板块绝对运动的角速度.  相似文献   

特殊情况下深基坑围护测斜及变形浅析     

楼楠  卫建东 《测绘科学》2009,34(4)

结合工程实例具体阐述当测斜管不能正常使用情况下运用全站仪代替测斜仪进行深基坑围护结构的倾斜测量,同时运用岩土工程相关知识对所得监测数据表现的变形及突变原因作了深入分析,获得了预期的安全监测成果,确保了深基坑工程的顺利实施。为今后类似情况的处理提供借鉴。  相似文献   

提高对流层天顶总延迟解算精度的新方法探讨     

岳迎春  潘雄  明祖涛  俞艳 《测绘科学》2009,34(6)

对流层天顶总延迟的解算精度,直接影响长基线解算的精度和大气水汽含量的计算精度。文中提出克利金内插法解算天顶总延迟的新方法,并利用南极长城站和周边IGS跟踪站的GPS数据,通过高精度解算软件GAMIT/GLOBK,解算出长城站上空的对流层天顶总延迟,将其与利用内插方法解算的天顶总延迟进行了对比分析,得出:利用该内插方法获取的南极长城站在夏季的天顶总延迟的均方差可达0.2mm,这对今后GPS高精度定位和GPS气象学应用来说,具有重要意义。  相似文献   

基于全站仪工程控制测量的三维间接平差法     

张艳强  张海锋  张晓卫 《四川测绘》2009,32(3):133-136

目前,利用高精度全站仪三维坐标测量功能建立三维工程控制网已成为一种趋势。针对这一问题的观测数据处理,提出了一种考虑平面观测数据和高程观测数据二者间整体性的三维间接平差方法,详细推导了水平角误差方程,天项距误差方程,斜距误差方程等关键步骤,较之已有的方法,严密性和实用性更强,具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

全站仪三角高程测量的精度分析和计算自动化     

曾庆伟 《北京测绘》2009,(4):43-45

全站仪三角高程测量具有效率高,实施灵活等优点,经研究并通过实践验证,在对观测结果进行相关改正的条件下,全站仪三角高程测量完全能达到三、四等水准测量的精度要求,同时可借助Excel所具备的强大数据处理能力,使观测数据的处理更为方便快捷。  相似文献   

RTK配合全站仪在数字化测图中的应用     

巩彬  李平  吴向阳 《现代测绘》2009,32(4):22-23

本文主要叙述了RTK配合全站仪进行数字化测图的可行性,介绍了RTK的系统组成、工作原理,并对RTK配合全站仪联合测图的作业流程进行了一系列论述;指出了RTK与全站仪联合进行数字化测图是一种高速度、高效率的新方法.  相似文献   

Floating and fixed artificial habitats: Spatial and temporal patterns of benthic communities in a coral reef environment     

S. Perkol-Finkel  G. Zilman  I. Sella  T. Miloh  Y. Benayahu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

While natural marine habitats with motion capabilities, e.g., kelps and seaweeds, have been studied alongside their associated fouling communities, little is known of the effect of motion on the communities of floating artificial habitats such as buoys, rafts, and pontoons, particularly in tropical systems. Hydrodynamic features greatly differ between floating and fixed artificial substrata, which in turn affect the structure of their associated communities. This study tested the hypothesis that floating and fixed artificial installations in a tropical reef system (Eilat, Red Sea) would support different benthic communities throughout space and time. Specifically, we examined differences in communities recruited onto settlement plates between floating and fixed installations deployed at three different sites, along a two-year monitoring period. The three sites exhibited distinct differences in species assemblages between the monitoring dates (6, 12, 18 and 24 months post deployment), mainly between the first and the last two dates. The average level of dissimilarity between floating and fixed installations increased over time at all sites. Over 50% of the dissimilarity between the floating and fixed installations resulted from five taxonomic groups i.e., bryozoans, bivalves, barnacles, sponges, including the amount of bare space on the settlement plates. The contribution of these groups to the dissimilarity changed both temporally within each site, and spatially among sites. The observed differences were related to the hydrodynamic characteristics of floating and fixed habitats, interacting with biotic features such as predation, successional processes and seasonality; and abiotic features including small-scale spatial changes, light, and position in the water column.  相似文献   

Analysis of threshold and incipient conditions for sediment movement     

A.A. Beheshti  B. Ataie-Ashtiani 《Coastal Engineering》2008

Prediction of threshold conditions and incipient motion is the essential issue for the study of sediment transport. This work compares existing empirical threshold curves proposed for Shields diagram, a method based on the concept of probability of sediment movement, and an empirical method based on movability number. These methods are used to predict the incipient motion conditions for experimental runs taken from various studies. Most of the experimental data, used in this work, have not been used before in derivation of alternative formulations for Shields diagram and other methods. The empirical threshold curves based on the Shields entrainment function was the least successful at predicting the measured incipient motion conditions, while the use of the movability number gives good predictions of critical shear velocity compared with experimental data.  相似文献