汶川中强余震发展节律及其精确多项式对6级以上强余震趋势的预测研究     

薛丁  曹刚  张建业 《高原地震》2011,23(4):13-16

对汶川地震序列分析,发现该序列中Ms≥4.7级余震活动有一定的可数节律,且强余震发生在节律节点上有重复特征。基于上述现象,对该节律建立了一个数学模型,为定量地预测震区6级以上强余震趋势提供了一个预测研究的方法。  相似文献   

江西"06.19"强降水天气成因及中尺度特征分析     

陈云辉  蔡菁  支树林 《气象与减灾研究》2011,34(2):34-42

利用区域气象观测资料、常规观测资料、雷达和NCEP资料,对2010年6月19日江西创历史大暴雨过程的成因及中尺度特征进行分析.结果表明:此次过程发生在江西典型暴雨形势背景下,具有显著的中尺度特征;强降水落区位于地面中尺度切变线附近,中尺度系统提前或同时于强降水生成;强降水位于低层水汽通量大值中心前端和水汽强辐合的重叠区...  相似文献   

Inelastic displacement demand of bridge columns considering shear–flexure interaction     

Jian Zhang  Yuchuan Tang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(7):731-748

Reinforced concrete bridge columns exhibit complex hysteretic behavior owing to combined action of shear, bending moment, and axial force under multi‐directional seismic shakings. The inelastic displacement of columns can be increased by shear–flexure interaction (SFI). This paper develops a simple yet reliable demand model for estimating the inelastic displacement and ductility based on the nonlinear time history analyses of 24 full‐size columns subject to a suite of near‐fault ground motions. A coupled hysteretic model is used to simulate the shear‐flexure interactive (SFI) behavior of columns and the accumulated material damage during loading reversals, including pinching, strength deterioration, and stiffness softening. Guided by rigorous dimensional analysis, the inelastic displacement responses of bridge columns are presented in dimensionless form showing remarkable order. A dimensionless nonlinearity index is derived taking into account of the column strength, ground motion amplitude, and softening or hardening post‐yield behavior. Strong correlation is revealed between the normalized inelastic displacement and the dimensionless structure‐to‐pulse frequency, the dimensionless nonlinearity index as well as the aspect ratio. Two regressive equations for displacement and ductility demands are proposed and validated against the simulation results. The SFI effects are discussed and included explicitly through the aspect ratio in the proposed model. This study offers a new way to realistically predict the inelastic displacement of columns directly from structural and ground motion characteristics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2021年日本福岛地震中建筑物破坏情况的现场考察报告          下载免费PDF全文

王欣 《世界地震工程》2021,(2):022-30

2021年2月13日23点07分（当地时间）日本福岛县海域发生了7.3级地震,这是2011年以来东日本大地震记录到的较大余震。距离震源较近的强震动观测点记录到约1.5 g的最大加速度。对离震源较近的几个城市及乡村,包括郡山市、福岛市和仙台市以内的地方进行了建筑物的震害调查。调查中发现:日本常用的木结构民宅在地震中仅发生了屋顶的瓦片掉落和剥离等轻微破坏,并没有发生严重的破坏。另外,在郡山市和福岛市有几栋高层钢筋混凝土结构的房屋有较严重的损坏。2021年福岛地震这一现象可能与地震动的短周期特性（小于1s）以及建筑物的高次振型有关。  相似文献   

2020年1月19日伽师6.4级地震强震动记录特征分析     

张振斌  王宏伟 《中国地震》2021,37(4):908-915

以新疆强震动台网获取的伽师6.4级地震的42组126条原始加速度记录为依据,对强震动记录时程、幅值、频谱三方面进行分析。结果表明,此次地震获取的最大加速度峰值为633.3cm/s²,仪器地震烈度为Ⅸ度;在震中距200km以内两水平向与垂直向加速度峰值比在1~3之间,速度峰值比在0~4之间。分析此次地震三分向加速度峰值衰减关系,0~50km范围内地震峰值加速度观测值在分区地震动衰减关系(Yu13)长轴预测值误差范围之内,高于南天山西段土层衰减关系(Zhang)预测值;水平向加速度反应谱卓越周期主要集中在0~0.5s,垂直向集中在0~0.2s。65XKR台水平向反应谱高于Ⅷ度罕遇地震设计反应谱,峰值卓越周期为0.48s;垂直向反应谱高于Ⅷ度罕遇地震设计反应谱,峰值位于高频段。  相似文献   

2000—05—11河南强对流天气过程分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张素芬  张一平等 《河南气象》2001,(4):8-10

对2000－05－11河南省出现的雷雨大风、冰雹天气的影响系统、稳定度参数、高空风切变、3θ曲线、云中负温区、雷达回波特征分析结果表明：下滑槽及西路冷空气为强对流天气提供了动力条件；低层高温、高湿及低层暖平流、高层冷平流，为强对流提供了层结条件；高空风的垂直切变有利于对流天气的加强和维持。强对流天气在速度场上表现为中尺度辐合线、风向风速辐合区、风速辐合区、大风区等中尺度系统。  相似文献   

Nonlinearity in the response of soils in the 1995 Kobe earthquake in vertical components of records   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

O. Pavlenko  K. Irikura 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(9-12):967-975

Strong motion records provided by seismic vertical arrays allow estimation of stress–strain relations in soils at depths from the surface to the location of the deepest device. As an example, time-dependent nonlinear soil behavior was estimated in vertical components of records obtained in the epicentral area of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Degradation of the rigidity of soils in the strong motion was observed. The constructed nonlinear models of the soil behavior were used for estimating the nonlinear parts in the ground response by the nonlinear system identification technique. Nonlinear parts in the ground response were found to be as high as 50% at 2 km from the fault and 10% at 6–15 km from the fault plane. Odd types of nonlinearity, such as cubic, the fifth, seventh, etc. order, were found to be typical for soils, whereas, nonlinearities of even types are usually weak, but increase in liquefied soils.  相似文献   

Control of paleoshorelines by trench forebulge uplift,Loyalty Islands     

William R. Dickinson 《Quaternary Research》2013

Unlike most tropical Pacific islands, which lie along island arcs or hotspot chains, the Loyalty Islands between New Caledonia and Vanuatu owe their existence and morphology to the uplift of pre-existing atolls on the flexural forebulge of the New Hebrides Trench. The configuration and topography of each island is a function of distance from the crest of the uplifted forebulge. Both Maré and Lifou are fully emergent paleoatolls upon which ancient barrier reefs form highstanding annular ridges that enclose interior plateaus representing paleolagoon floors, whereas the partially emergent Ouvea paleoatoll rim flanks a drowned remnant lagoon. Emergent paleoshoreline features exposed by island uplift include paleoreef flats constructed as ancient fringing reefs built to past low tide levels and emergent tidal notches incised at past high tide levels. Present paleoshoreline elevations record uplift rates of the islands since last-interglacial and mid-Holocene highstands in global and regional sea levels, respectively, and paleoreef stratigraphy reflects net Quaternary island emergence. The empirical uplift rates vary in harmony with theoretical uplift rates inferred from the different positions of the islands in transit across the trench forebulge at the trench subduction rate. The Loyalty Islands provide a case study of island environments controlled primarily by neotectonics.  相似文献   

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的长周期地震动能量时频分布比较研究     

王博  白国良  王超群  代慧娟 《地震工程与工程振动》2013,33(3)

远场类谐和地震动与近断层脉冲型地震动是两种不同类型的长周期地震动,确定其能量的时频分布特性对理解长周期地震动作用下长周期结构的反应特点及揭示结构破坏机理具有重要意义.各选10条远场类谐和地震动、近断层脉冲型地震动与普通地震动,利用Hilbert-Huang变换,提取出各地震动的3-D Hilbert幅值谱、边际谱、Hilbert能量谱与瞬时能量曲线,在此基础上提出累积能量谱、强频段、能量时间分布系数等概念,定义了多个指标对比分析三类地震动的长周期特性、宽频带特性和脉冲特性.结果表明:与普通地震动相比,远场类谐和地震动与近断层脉冲型地震动的能量主要集中于较低的频段,长周期特性明显,且远场类谐和地震动的能量集中频段低于近断层脉冲型地震动;远场类谐和地震动的强频段宽度小于其他两类地震动,且能量在强频段内的分布比其他两类地震动均匀;与其他两类地震动相比,远场类谐和地震动的脉冲特性不明显;三类地震动的卓越频率与能量时间分布系数均存在明显的分布规律,可以作为地震动的能量表征参数.  相似文献   

Response‐only modal identification of structures using strong motion data     

S. F. Ghahari  F. Abazarsa  M. A. Ghannad  E. Taciroglu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(8):1221-1242

Dynamic characteristics of structures — viz. natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes — are central to earthquake‐resistant design. These values identified from field measurements are useful for model validation and health‐monitoring. Most system identification methods require input excitations motions to be measured and the structural response; however, the true input motions are seldom recordable. For example, when soil–structure interaction effects are non‐negligible, neither the free‐field motions nor the recorded responses of the foundations may be assumed as ‘input’. Even in the absence of soil–structure interaction, in many instances, the foundation responses are not recorded (or are recorded with a low signal‐to‐noise ratio). Unfortunately, existing output‐only methods are limited to free vibration data, or weak stationary ambient excitations. However, it is well‐known that the dynamic characteristics of most civil structures are amplitude‐dependent; thus, parameters identified from low‐amplitude responses do not match well with those from strong excitations, which arguably are more pertinent to seismic design. In this study, we present a new identification method through which a structure's dynamic characteristics can be extracted using only seismic response (output) signals. In this method, first, the response signals’ spatial time‐frequency distributions are used for blindly identifying the classical mode shapes and the modal coordinate signals. Second, cross‐relations among the modal coordinates are employed to determine the system's natural frequencies and damping ratios on the premise of linear behavior for the system. We use simulated (but realistic) data to verify the method, and also apply it to a real‐life data set to demonstrate its utility. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献