Rapid Expansion of Melica przewalskyi Causes Soil Moisture Deficit and Vegetation Degradation in Subalpine Meadows          下载免费PDF全文

Fu‐Yuan Gao  Fu‐Xi Shi  Hui‐Min Chen  Xin‐Hou Zhang  Xue‐Yang Yu  Qian Cui  Cheng‐Zhang Zhao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(1)

Invasive noxious plants have important impacts on community dynamics and ecosystem functions in grasslands. Since the 1960s, the noxious plant Melica przewalskyi has spread rapidly and formed different size of patches in subalpine meadows of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China. In this study, the species richness, vegetation structure, and soil water content are investigated from the patch edge to the center in four sizes of M. przewalskyi patches (i.e., small patch, <100 cm in canopy diameter; middle patch, 100–200 cm; large patch, 200–300 cm; and the largest patch, >300 cm). The results show that while the patches grow continuously, the dominant species changes from Stipa krylovii to M. przewalskyi with an increasing trend in plant productivity and decreasing trend in species richness and soil water content. Plant height, density, coverage, and above‐ground biomass of M. przewalskyi population increases from the patch edge to the center in small, middle, and large patches, whereas it is precisely the opposite in the largest patch. Interestingly, soil water content exhibits a decreasing trend from the patch edge to the center in all patches. The results indicate that the rapid spread of M. przewalskyi may well alter vegetation pattern and cause a severe soil moisture deficit, which would further drive the degradation of ecosystem functioning in subalpine meadows.  相似文献   

Assessing Nutrient,Biomass, and Sediment Transport of Drainage Ditches in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(1)

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沉水植物水槽对农村水体净化效果与机制的模拟     

赵建成  杨扬  钟胜强  李锟  陈小刚 《湖泊科学》2016,28(6):1274-1282

实验设计中试水槽装置,模拟研究2种沉水植物轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla nerticillata)和苦草(Vallisneria natans)对农村水体的净化效果,并探讨沉水植物在水体氮、磷去除中的作用.结果显示,沉水植物系统均能显著降低水体中总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮和磷酸盐浓度,去除率分别达到50.5%、84.4%、41.9%和64.6%,且轮叶黑藻组选择20 g/m2,苦草组选择40 g/m2为适种密度.水体流经各串联单元时氮、磷去除负荷存在显著差异,其中总氮、硝态氮、磷酸盐浓度在有植物单元高于无植物单元,铵态氮浓度相反,结合单元内溶解氧浓度、硝化与反硝化细菌总数表明,有植物单元可显著发生反硝化作用,无植物单元可显著发生硝化作用,有无植物串联单元更有利于氮的去除.  相似文献   

北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜的锌含量及其健康风险评估   总被引：20，自引：4，他引：16  

黄泽春  宋波  陈同斌  郑袁明  杨军 《地理研究》2006,25(3):439-448

通过97种蔬菜、454个样品的调查表明,北京市菜地土壤锌明显高于北京市土壤锌背景值,其含量范围、算术均值、中值和几何均值分别为24.9³08、79.2、63.8和70.7 mg/kg。北京市蔬菜锌含量范围、中值和算术均值分别为0.005²5.6、2.24和3.11 mg/kg鲜重。叶菜类蔬菜锌含量显著高于瓜果类蔬菜,其余各类型间差异均不显著。北京市市售外地产蔬菜锌含量显著高于本地产蔬菜;裸露地蔬菜与设施蔬菜锌含量差异不显著。冬瓜、西红柿、茄子、黄瓜、辣椒和大葱和部分特菜的锌富集系数最低,抗土壤锌污染的能力较强。北京市居民从蔬菜中摄入锌的量为4.04 mg/人.d,蔬菜锌对北京市居民不会构成健康风险。  相似文献   

鄱阳湖饶河段重金属污染水平与迁移特性   总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10  

简敏菲  游海  倪才英 《湖泊科学》2006,18(2):127-133

鄱阳湖饶河入湖段是鄱阳湖重金属污染最严重的水域之一,为了研究其污染现状,本文于2005年3月平水期对鄱阳湖饶河段的水体、底泥、土壤及水生植物的重金属污染水平及迁移特性进行了调查与分析．结果表明,饶河段水体中的重金属除Pb的含量超出地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类标准外,其它各项监测指标均能达到地表水环境质量Ⅲ类标准．饶河段底泥及河滩土壤的重金属含量平均值与国家土壤环境质量相比,Zn、Cd的平均值超出了三级标准,而Cu、Pb的含量指标均符合三级标准;通过地质积累指数评价结果表明,饶河段重金属底泥除Zn污染为中度污染以外,其他各种重金属污染为轻度污染或偏中度污染,且饶河段底泥中Cu、Zn、Ph三种重金属元素之间呈极显著正相关．饶河段水生植物对Cu、 Zn、Ph都有不同程度的富集;根据富集系数评价表明,植物对Cu的平均富集能力相对较强些,其次是Pb和Zn,多数水生植物表现出对Cd具有一定的抗性．  相似文献   

Comparing water use patterns of sand-binding species in an alpine semi-arid desert     

Lihui Tian  Huawu Wu  Haijiao Wang  Dengshan Zhang  Xiaofan He  Qiaoyu Wang 《水文研究》2023,37(1):e14798

The processes of species obtaining water resources are crucial to evaluate the adaptability of plantations, which can affect the establishment and survival of restored ecosystems and functions of water-limited ecosystems. However, there are still limitations in understanding water use patterns of different four plantations (Populus sylvestris, Salix cheliophe, Hippophae rhamnoides and Artemisia ordosica) in the Qinghai Lake basin. Stable isotopes of xylem water of four individual species were analysed at different dunes located at the eastern shore of Qinghai Lake in 2018 and 2019. The purpose of this study was to explore potential water sources used by different life form plants, to identify whether the soil moisture content and root distribution determined the plants water use patterns. Results from the Bayesian mixing model MixSIAR showed that all species mainly uses three levels of soil water, but they extracted soil water from different layers in different growing seasons among species. All species primarily depended on water from upper soil layers at the early growing stage, but P. sylvestris and S. cheliophe also absorbed much proportion middle and deep soil layers' water in dry year of 2019. All four species shift to use middle or deep soil layer water rather than shallow water in July with the most rainfall and soil water content (SWC). However, it was only used by P. sylvestris and H. rhamnoides in 2018. In all, seasonal water use pattern of different species was affected by SWC, soil texture and root distribution. Compared with moratorium plantations such as S. cheliophe, mixed afforestation of P. sylvestris and H. rhamnoides maximized of soil water sources absorbed by the plants. The study can shed light on plant–water relationships to facilitate the woody species for afforestation and desertification restoration management in the semi-arid desert ecosystem.  相似文献