Geomorphology and tectonics of the Dorrigo Plateau,N.S.W.     

C. D. Ollier 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3-4):431-435

The Dorrigo Plateau is covered by basalt, which is a remnant of the 18 Ma old Ebor Volcano. The centre of this volcano is an intrusion in the Bellinger Valley. The volcano was erupted on a palaeoplain of moderate relief. Subsequent uplift and tilting led to erosion of the Nambucca Beds, together with much of the volcano, and creation of a major escarpment, part of the Great Escarpment of eastern Australia. In this area the Great Escarpment is younger than 18 Ma.  相似文献   

NURSE PLANT RETATIONSHIPS OF COLUMNAR CACTI IN ARIZONA     

Kathleen C. Parker 《自然地理学》2013,34(4):322-335

Patterns of association of three columnar cactus species with potential nurse plants and rocks were examined in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona. Close spatial associates of cacti are often called “nurses” because they provide a less extreme microclimate for cactus seedlings, which improves survival rates. Of the three cacti, Carnegiea gigantea had the greatest frequency of association with nurse plants. Stenocereus thurberi, which is common on steep hillslopes where rocks and crevices offer numerous protected microsites for seedling establishment, was associated with nurse rocks more frequently than were the other two species. Lophocereus schottii showed the lowest frequency of association with nurses. In the Monument, L. schottii reproduces primarily through vegetative propagation, which reduces the need of small cacti for protection from nurses. Species most frequently associated with the three cacti were among the dominant species where each cactus occurred except that sparsely foliated species were associated with cacti less frequently than expected. This pattern supports previous claims that structural characteristics are more important than species identification in providing cacti with enhanced chances for survival. It also suggests that at a landscape scale, population dynamics of columnar cacti are more closely linked to patterns of overall vegetation change than to population fluctuations of a particular species that acts as a nurse. [Key words: northern Sonoran Desert, cactus establishment, nurse plants.]  相似文献   

Cenozoic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from the tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the western Qaidam Basin   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Yadong Wang  Jianjing Zheng  Weilin Zhang  Shiyuan Li  Xingwang Liu  Xin Yang  Yuhu Liu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(2):175-187

Geologists agree that the collision of the Indian and Asian plates caused uplift of the Tibet Plateau.However,controversy still exists regarding the modes and mechanisms of the Tibetan Plateau uplift.Geology has recorded this uplift well in the Qaidam Basin.This paper analyzes the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the western Qaidam Basin using sub-surface seismic and drill data. The Cenozoic intensity and history of deformation in the Qaidam Basin have been reconstructed based on the tectonic developments,faults growth index,sedimentary facies variations,and the migration of the depositional depressions.The changes in the sedimentary facies show that lakes in the western Qaidam Basin had gone from inflow to still water deposition to withdrawal.Tectonic movements controlled deposition in various depressions,and the depressions gradually shifted southeastward.In addition,the morphology of the surface structures in the western Qaidam Basin shows that the Cenozoic tectonic movements controlled the evolution of the Basin and divided it into(a) the southern fault terrace zone, (b) a central Yingxiongling orogenic belt,and(c) the northern fold-thrust belt;divided by the XI fault (Youshi fault) and Youbei fault,respectively.The field data indicate that the western Qaidam Basin formed in a Cenozoic compressive tectonic environment caused by the India—Asia plate collision. Further,the Basin experienced two phases of intensive tectonic deformation.The first phase occurred during the Middle Eocene—Early Miocene(Xia Ganchaigou Fm.and Shang Ganchaigou Fm.,43.8—22 Ma),and peaked in the Early Oligocene(Upper Xia Ganchaigou Fm.,31.5 Ma).The second phase occurred between the Middle Miocene and the Present(Shang Youshashan Fm.and Qigequan Fm., 14.9—0 Ma),and was stronger than the first phase.The tectonic—sedimentary evolution and the orientation of surface structures in the western Qaidam Basin resulted from the Tibetan Plateau uplift,and recorded the periodic northward growth of the Plateau.Recognizing this early tectonic—sedimentary evolution supports the previous conclusion that northern Tibet responded to the collision between India and Asia shortly after its initiation.However,the current results reveal that northern Tibet also experienced another phase of uplift during the late Neogene.The effects of these two stages of tectonic activity combined to produce the current Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

Uplift of the Longmen Shan area in the eastern Tibetan Plateau: an integrated geophysical and geodynamic analysis     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(1):14-31

Abstract

The mechanism for uplift of the eastern Tibetan Plateau is still a matter of debate. There are two main models: extrusion and crustal flow. These models have been tested by surface observations, but questions about the uplift remain. In addition, the devastating 2008 M_w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake along the Longmen Shan fault zone (LMSFZ) reminds us that the tectonic activity within eastern Tibet is complex and poses a major natural hazard. This activity is accompanied by dramatic uplift along the LMSFZ, but only minor convergence (<4 mm year^–1) against the Sichuan basin is observed. In order to investigate the mechanism for uplift of Longmen Shan (LMS) area, we explored the lithospheric structure across the Songpan–Ganzi terrane (SGT), LMS, and western Sichuan basin by undertaking an integrated analysis of a variety of data including new, logistically challenging controlled-source seismic profiling (reflection and refraction) results, receiver function estimates of crustal thickness, gravity and magnetic data, GPS data, and geologic constraints. Our analysis of crustal structure indicates that the crust is not thick enough to support its current elevation and that the crust is essentially composed of three layers of similar thickness. Thus, based on our crustal structure model, 2D numerical modelling was conducted to investigate uplift mechanisms. The modelling results indicate that the middle crust beneath the SGT is the most ductile layer, which is the key factor responsible for the crustal-scale faulting, earthquake behaviour, and periods of uplift. In addition, the modelling results indicate that the strong Sichuan block acts as a backstop for the thrusting along the LMS and crustal thickening to the west.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地陆梁隆起构造特征与油气成藏          下载免费PDF全文

吴晓智  何登发  杨迪生  齐雪峰  唐勇 《地质科学》2012,47(1):73-91

陆梁隆起属于间断继承性古隆起,一直是油气的有利指向区,晚海西期石炭世-早二叠世构造演化基本确立了陆梁隆起的构造格局; 油气多沿继承发育的古凸起、古鼻梁进行油气运聚分配。陆梁隆起存在深浅两套断裂体系,形成深浅两套含油气组合; 深层下组合成藏遵循"源控论",油气多为近源成藏,沿梁富集,受不整合与岩相控制; 中浅层侏罗系与白垩系均为次生油气藏,多沿梁、沿油源断裂聚集,受构造与油源断裂控制。燕山期的构造运动对油气成藏起改造与再分配作用; 喜马拉雅山期构造运动对高成熟的油气起到一定的控制作用; 区域性不整合与火山岩岩体是否发育,是基岩型油气藏形成必备条件; 储层质量影响着油气丰度,控制着油气藏的分布规模与产能高低。今后勘探方向:下组合为夏盐凸起西北环带、石西凸起和滴北凸起; 中组合为石西-莫北凸起结合部、三个泉凸起、英西凹陷、滴南凸起断裂带前缘和滴北凸起断裂带前缘。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地北三台凸起构造演化与油气成藏   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

吴晓智  周路  杨迪生  齐雪峰  李伯华 《地质科学》2012,(3):653-668

准噶尔盆地东部北三台凸起属于残余古凸起,东西分离阜康与吉木萨尔凹陷,南北分割沙帐断褶带与阜康断裂带,构造位置特殊; 其形成演化经历晚海西、印支、燕山及喜马拉雅4次大的构造运动,整体表现为东北断隆,向西倾没,围绕凸起形成了较为复杂的断裂系统; 深层石炭系-三叠系断裂发育(逆断裂),浅层侏罗系-白垩系主体继承(正断裂),具有形成早,结束晚的特点。受东西、东北向断裂切割,北三台凸起呈现两个凸起构造带、两个斜坡构造带和6个断裂构造带组合特征。中晚燕山期,收博格达山前凹陷转化成增生楔向北逆冲,构造载荷增大,影响北三台北断裂大幅度逆冲,导致北三台凸起强烈隆升并最终定型。自二叠纪-侏罗纪凸起核部向北迁移,地层由阜康凹陷向凸起方向上超,逐层减薄。在南北向挤压应力作用下,由侏罗纪早期开始,凸起核部逐渐迁移至北三台。在其构造演化过程中与二叠系主力烃源岩层形成与烃演化匹配的良好关系,一直是阜康凹陷生成油气的汇聚方向,在凸起构造不断抬升,高部位地层遭受剥蚀,油气藏遭受破坏的同时,油气仍然向其不断补充,油气供给较为充足,保障了凸起带、断裂带、斜坡区各构造的油气充注,构造低部位的鼻凸带、断裂带下盘、斜坡区三叠系与中下侏罗统保存完整的部位,早期形成的油气藏仍能够得到良好保存; 形成围绕北三台凸起"秃顶"的复式油气聚集,并以中小型规模油气藏为主,油气藏按局部构造带有规律展布; 斜坡区侏罗-三叠与深层二叠-石炭系应是主要勘探方向。  相似文献   

辽西低凸起中南段东营组层序地层与隐蔽油气藏预测          下载免费PDF全文

郑敬贵  赖维成  王军  姚健  郭涛 《沉积与特提斯地质》2012,32(4):8-13

辽西低凸起中南段油气成藏条件优越,是进一步开展隐蔽油气藏勘探的有利区.针对该区地层、层序方面存在的主要问题,应用层序地层、物源体系以及古地貌等综合分析的方法,构建等时层序地层格架,探讨主要目的层系东二层序、东三层序沉积体系展布规律.分析了层序、构造活动对沉积控制作用,不同体系域沉积体系发育特点及有利砂体展布规律.在此基础上,结合研究区构造面貌与沉积体系展布配置关系,指出研究区有利隐蔽油气藏勘探方向.  相似文献   

黔中隆起及周缘地区灯影组古岩溶储层 发育特征和控制因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹建文  梁彬  张庆玉  淡永 《地质通报》2012,31(11):1902-1909

黔中隆起及周缘地区的上震旦统灯影组经历了震旦纪末的桐湾运动,发生了古风化壳岩溶作用,形成了一系列的岩溶储集空间。通过样品物性测试、薄片分析、野外观测等手段,从岩性、沉积相、白云岩化、构造等内外控制因素对岩溶储集空间的成因进行了分析。虽然灯影组属于低孔低渗储层,但较强的水动力环境形成的藻(屑)白云岩仍具有较高的孔隙度。白云岩化作用使储层的孔隙度增大,增加了岩石的可溶性;沉积间断使岩石经历了大气淡水的风化淋滤,形成了以裂缝及孔洞为主的储集空间。灯影组古岩溶储层在研究区内具有良好的发育条件,将为中国南方寻找深部油气资源提供极为重要的场所。  相似文献   

采用横穿集水管法整治石太客运专线路基表层冻害          下载免费PDF全文

李荣功  唐世杰 《探矿工程》2012,39(1):65-67

石太客运专线路基大多数位于黄土地段,开通运营后2009年首个冬季发生大量冻害,其中以路基冻害居多。采用横穿集水管工程措施对路基冻害进行了整治,取得了较好的整治效果,提供了可借鉴经验。  相似文献   

太行山阜平杂岩中麻棚-赤瓦屋岩体的时代、侵位深度及构造意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李林林  韩宝福  苗国均  舒桂明  陈家富  杨进辉  杨岳衡  张艳斌 《岩石矿物学杂志》2012,31(3):289-306

中生代岩浆活动在太行山北段形成了一系列花岗岩体,其中的麻棚-赤瓦屋岩体侵位于穹窿状的阜平杂岩中,具有贫硅、富碱、高铝的钙碱性I型花岗岩特征。岩体分带明显,由边部向核部可以划分为石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、似斑状花岗岩3个相带,它们的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为126.4±2.4 Ma、125.4±2.0 Ma和126.2±2.0 Ma,在误差范围内一致,指示岩体在早白垩世期间快速侵位、结晶。各相带样品的角闪石全铝平均值分别为1.018、0.880和0.871,对应的角闪石平均结晶压力分别为0.183、0.118和0.114 GPa,均值为0.141 GPa,对应的侵位深度约5 km,明显小于区域内元古界至侏罗系的地层厚度,表明在岩体侵位之前,阜平杂岩就已经具有穹窿状构造特征。结合相关资料,估计太行山早白垩世以来的平均隆升速率为0.07~0.08 km/Ma。  相似文献