A comparison of results from geomorphological diversity evaluation methods in the Polish Lowland (Toruń Basin and Chełmno Lakeland)     

Rafał Kot 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2018,118(1):17-35

Geomorphological diversity is part of geodiversity. Study and evaluation of geodiversity, including geomorphological diversity, is often conducted in uplands and mountains, despite the fact that lowland areas are of equal importance. This paper evaluates geomorphological diversity in a small area of the Polish Lowland, using a variety of methods that have been applied in recent times for evaluating geodiversity, and presents the results on maps. By comparing these maps and analyzing the correlation coefficients of the results obtained, it was possible to identify the two methods that were best suited to indicating areas with the greatest geomorphological diversity in the lowlands. These two methods are least affected by the choice of elementary fields and data classification methods applied. The study identified the two areas with the greatest relief diversity and showed that they distinctly differ from one another. They demonstrate the major influence of processes, not only on the topographic parameters and landform types, but above all on identifying and defining total geomorphological diversity. These methods, which can be used to identify the areas with the greatest total geomorphological diversity, could readily be used in applied studies relating to abiotic ecosystem services and landscape management.  相似文献   

What can we learn about changing ethnic diversity from the distributions of mixed-race individuals?     

William A. V. Clark  Eva K. Andersson  Bo Malmberg 《Urban geography》2018,39(2):263-281

It is hypothesized that self-defined mixed-race persons live in residentially mixed areas in the largest metropolitan areas in California. The hypothesis is tested by examining the distribution of mixed-race persons among ethnically and racially diverse and nondiverse neighborhoods in the San Francisco and Los Angeles Metropolitan Areas. The research confirmed that mixed-race individuals are more likely to live in areas with ethnic diversity and that the tendency is greater for the mixed-race population in the San Francisco–Oakland Metropolitan Areas than in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area. Mixed-race individuals live in neighborhoods which are diverse with mixes of all four major ethnic and racial groups, and in “well-off” (but not the most affluent) neighborhoods. The study also shows that the mixed-race population is youthful. The association of mixed-race individuals and racially integrated neighborhoods will have important implications for the evolving nature of spatial integration in California specifically, and the United States more generally.  相似文献   

Quantitative Analysis of Central Asian Countries’ Energy Security and Its Political Influence Factors     

CHEN Xiaopeng  CHENG Shengkui  WU Liang 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(4):434-443

Central Asian countries are located in the heartland of the Eurasian Continent. Their geographic location puts their energy flows under tremendous geopolitical pressure from the countries along their limited number of pipelines. With energy trade data from the United Nations Comtrade Statistics Database in the period from 2005 to 2016, this paper evaluates energy security of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan (exporter) and Kyrgyzstan (importer) using three standards: correlativeness, diversity, and the impact of international relations. It concludes that Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan’s oil markets are balanced in terms of correlation and diversification, and thus less subject to geopolitical pressure. Turkmenistan’s gas markets, on the other hand, still have tremendous exposure to geopolitical risks for lack of diversification. Kyrgyzstan, as an energy importer, could rely on a few neighboring countries for energy supply. We found out that the three Central Asian countries’ energy security is largely determined by four political factors: the relationship with Russia, the new “great game” in Eurasia, the rise of China, and Central Asian regional geopolitical configuration.  相似文献   

Is there diversity in the New Urbanism? Analyzing the demographic characteristics of New Urbanist neighborhoods in the United States   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Dan Trudeau  Jeffrey Kaplan 《Urban geography》2016,37(3):458-482

The New Urbanism (NU) planning movement aspires to create socially diverse neighborhoods. It is unclear, however, whether this movement lives up to its aspirations in practice. In an effort to systematically examine this aspect of the movement, this paper analyzes age, family type, income, and race data of 70 NU neighborhoods in the United States. The paper uses a diversity index to compare the NU neighborhoods with control sites. Findings show that NU neighborhoods have lower racial diversity, but may have higher income diversity. Consideration of variations within the way NU is implemented reveals that the low racial diversity is associated with a single approach, but higher income diversity is associated with all variants. This paper argues that NU generates places that are more socially diverse than what is described in the literature and uses two case studies to explore the ways in which diversity is produced and its relation to gentrification.  相似文献   

科尔沁沙质放牧草地植物多样性及生态位的分异规律研究     

赵哈林  张铜会  常学礼  周瑞莲 《中国沙漠》1999,19(Z1):35-39

研究结果表明:①不同放牧强度下群落演替方向和速度有很大差异,其中过牧使植被种类组成趋于简单,植物多样性指数下降,草地中以一年生劣质牧草占绝对优势,轻牧和禁牧则相反;②由于群落的物种组成和植物种群数量的变化,使群落占据的物种生态位也明显分异,其中轻牧和禁牧的生态位宽度指数趋于增大,过牧趋于下降,中牧年际波动大。由于生态位分离明显,使生态位相似性降低,生态位重叠部分很小;③随着植被的分异,在属性空间上其位置发生飘移,变异越大,飘移的愈分散,其中轻牧和禁牧下植被在属性空间的位置呈曲线型分布,说明其演替呈有规律的渐变过程,而重牧下植被分异剧烈,各点在空间分布零散且距离远,说明其演替跃变性强。  相似文献   

Modelling the response of size and diversity spectra of fish assemblages to changes in exploitation   总被引：12，自引：8，他引：4  

Gislason  H.; Rice  J. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1998,55(3):362-370

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台湾海峡北部海区浮游动物的分布和群落划分   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

朱长寿  陈栩 《热带海洋学报》1999,18(3):66

1994年8月（夏季）和1995年2月（冬季）,对25．00－26．50°N,122.00°E以西水域的浮游动物进行了2个航次调查。结果表明,非胶质浮游动物总生物量有明显的季节变化,夏季生物量为冬季的5．88倍。夏季的浮游动物总生物量和群落多样性（H'）均较丰富,这和多个水团在此交汇有关。通过聚类分析,两个季节都存在两个不同的群落,群落生活小区的位置有明显的季节变化。夏季的两个暖流水群落和冬季台湾海峡混合水群落的H'值高和比较高,浙闽沿岸水群落的H'值低。  相似文献   

福建闽南地区与广西北海地区波纹巴非蛤的形态差异与遗传多样性分析          下载免费PDF全文

周治东  张丽艳  霍云龙  李海平  何雪蒨  张跃平 《应用海洋学学报》2023,42(4):581-590

本研究采用形态学和微卫星分子标记对福建闽南地区（厦门、云霄、惠安）及广西北海4个野生波纹巴非蛤群体进行形态学与遗传多样性分析。主成分与聚类分析结果表明：惠安与北海群体的形态最为相近,其次为云霄群体,而厦门群体的趋异度最大。构建了两个主成分PC1和PC2,其中PC1的贡献率为36.134%,PC2的贡献率为21.443%,累计贡献率为57.577%。建立了4群体的判别函数,判别准确率P₁为43.3%~93.5%,P₂为44.8%~88.0%,综合判别率为66.1%。4个波纹巴非蛤群体的整体遗传多样性较高,群体间遗传分化微弱,属于同1个自由交配组群,NJ系统发育树聚类结果未检测到与地理位置相对应的谱系结构,这可能与人为引种、贸易及增殖放流等活动导致波纹巴非蛤不同群体间频繁基因交流有关。建议今后在波纹巴非蛤的资源管理和开发利用时,加强本地种质资源的保护。  相似文献   

厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)养殖区沉积物微生物多样性及固碳潜力研究          下载免费PDF全文

吴紫琪  何语堂  羊妍珂  陶玉林  吴骏男  蒋振楠  严小军  廖智  刘雪珠  何建瑜 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(2):502-513

海洋蓝碳是海洋碳汇研究的重要领域,厘清不同蓝碳生境中沉积物有机碳组分格局是当前研究的热点之一。为更好地理解此问题,现以近海厚壳贻贝养殖区这一特殊蓝碳生境为对象,解析沉积物中的碳氮组分格局;进一步通过关联沉积物微生物群落、结合卡尔文循环和还原三羧酸循环的关键基因相对丰度分析,评估厚壳贻贝养殖区沉积物的固碳潜力。结果表明,相较于非养殖区,厚壳贻贝养殖区沉积物惰性碳的累积较大,氮组分主要以氨氮形式存在;同时养殖区高微生物量碳和微生物量氮指示了其沉积物中碳周转较快,碳氮组分特征差异明显。沉积物微生物高通量测序结果显示养殖区沉积物微生物主要以Gamma变形菌纲和Delta变形菌纲为主,且微生物类群与颗粒有机碳、惰性碳等碳组分存在明显的相关性。与惰性碳存在明显正相关关系的硫微螺菌科(Thiomicrospiraceae)丰度在养殖区沉积物中显著高于非养殖区沉积物。贻贝养殖区沉积物包含cbbL在内的6种关键功能基因,固碳潜力明显。研究结果将为进一步探究蓝碳生境的有机碳来源和微生物固碳效率提供基础依据。  相似文献   

新疆乌伦古湖大型底栖无脊椎动物的群落结构     

赵永晶  李鸿  王腾  刘宇  刘其根  刘军  郝志才  朱湘强  沈建忠 《湖泊科学》2011,23(6):974-981

乌伦古湖是我国十大内陆淡水湖之一,同时也是新疆维吾尔自治区的第二大湖泊和主要渔业基地.近年来,随着气候变化和人为因素的影响,湖区水体营养状况、生物群落组成等均发生了较大变化.为揭示该湖大型底栖无脊椎动物的群落结构特征及其对生态系统变化的响应,2006年11月至2008年7月设28个采样点对大型无脊椎底栖动物的群落结构特...  相似文献