Local Oscillator Distribution Using A Geostationary Satellite     

J. Bardin  S. Weinreb  D. Bagri 《Experimental Astronomy》2004,17(1-3):193-199

A satellite communication system suitable for distribution of local oscillator reference signals for a widely spaced microwave array has been developed and tested experimentally. The system uses a round-trip correction method to remove effects of atmospheric fluctuations and radial motion of the satellite. This experiment was carried out using Telstar-5, a commercial Ku-band geostationary satellite. A typical Ku-band satellite has uplink and downlink capacity at 14–14.5 GHz and 11.7–12.2 GHz, respectively. For this initial experiment, both earth stations were located at the same site to facilitate direct comparison of the received signals. The local oscillator reference frequency was chosen to be 300 MHz and was sent as the difference between two Ku-band tones. The residual error after applying the round trip correction has been measured to be better than 3 ps for integration times ranging from 1 to 2000 s. For integration times greater than 500 s, the system outperforms a pair of hydrogen masers with the limitation believed to be ground-based equipment phase stability. The idea of distributing local oscillators using a geostationary satellite is not new; several researchers experimented with this technique in the eighties, but the achieved accuracy was 3 to 100 times worse than the present results. Since then, the cost of both leased satellite bandwidth and the Ku-band ground equipment has dropped substantially and the performance of various components has improved. An important factor is the availability of narrow bands which can be leased on a communications satellite. We lease three 100 kHz bands at approximately one hundredth the cost of a full 36 MHz-wide transponder. Further tests of the system using terminals separated by large distances and comparison tests with two hydrogen masers and radio interferometry of astronomical objects are needed.  相似文献   

GPS共视法时间比对在陕西天文台的建立     

吴贵臣  和翠英  董绍武 《时间频率学报》1993,(2)

利用国产GPS定时型接收机,按照国际共视规程,陕西天文台建立了GPS共视法时间比对.研究了影响比对精度的因素,实现了微机控制的数据自动采集和处理,实现了国际间的全面共视比对.1991年3月起,BIPM已正式用于国际原子时TAI的计算中。  相似文献   

Using time‐domain reflectometry to characterize shallow solute transport in an oak woodland hillslope in northern California,USA     

Chris G. Campbell  Masoud Ghodrati  Fernando Garrido 《水文研究》2002,16(15):2921-2940

The natural heterogeneity of water and solute movement in hillslope soils makes it difficult to accurately characterize the transport of surface‐applied pollutants without first gathering spatially distributed hydrological data. This study examined the application of time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) to measure solute transport in hillslopes. Three different plot designs were used to examine the transport of a conservative tracer in the first 50 cm of a moderately sloping soil. In the first plot, which was designed to examine spatial variability in vertical transport in a 1·2 m² plot, a single probe per meter was found to adequately characterize vertical solute travel times. In addition, a dye and excavation study in this plot revealed lateral preferential flow in small macropores and a transport pattern where solute is focused vertically into preferential flow pathways. The bypass flow delivers solute deeper in the soil, where lateral flow occurs. The second plot, designed to capture both vertical and lateral flow, provided additional evidence confirming the flow patterns identified in the excavation of the first plot. The third plot was designed to examine lateral flow and once again preferential flow of the tracer was observed. In one instance rapid solute transport in this plot was estimated to occur in as little as 3% of the available pore space. Finally, it was demonstrated that the soil anisotropy, although partially responsible for lateral subsurface transport, may also homogenize the transport response across the hillslope by decreasing vertical solute spreading. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

解决太阳横向磁场方向测定中180°不确定性的一个方法     

汪景琇 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1994,(2)

本文提出了一种解决太阳横向磁场方向测定中１８０°不确定性的方法。该方法首先将Ｇａｒｙ等提出的方法定量化，客观地确定每一点的横场方向；然后由独立的Ｈ＿α观测或磁场演化历史，分析和确定磁力线的拓扑联接性，对客观确定的横场方向做经验修正。对活动区的应用表明，该方法是一个可供选择的解决横场方向不确定性的有效方法。  相似文献   

宽甸石柱子花岗闪长岩体重砂爆裂普查法在找矿中的应用     

徐万臣 《国土资源》1996,(3)

通过对石柱子花岗闪长岩体重砂爆裂法研究，发现其轻组分爆裂频次（或活度）有明显差异．并确定区内重砂轻组分爆裂颇次异常下限值为４２００次，据此确定了８个重砂爆裂活度异常区，圈定并缩小了找矿靶区。同时重砂爆裂普查法还可以反映出岩体成矿的可能性，判别岩体的矿化程度．研究表明，重砂爆裂普查法对于发现热液盲矿体具有可行性，可为普查找矿提供信息．  相似文献   

守时工作进展   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王正明 《天文学进展》2004,22(2):104-114

随着近5年时间传递技术(多通道GPS／GLONASS CV、TWSTFT、GPS P3 CV)和原子时算法的发展，国际原子时TAI和各国的守时工作有了较大的进展，中国科学院国家授时中心(NTSC)和国内其他时间实验室的工作也不例外。介绍国际权度局(BIPM)时间部有关2000～2003年TAI的研究进展，以及NTSC和国际、国内某些时间实验室守时工作简况。另外，自2000年以来国际上对UTC之未来的争论很激烈，因此就2003年5月28～30日在意大利都灵市举行的“UTC的未来”研讨会的情况也作一些介绍，以便国内天体测量相关学术领域的同行们对这些发展有一个基本的了解。  相似文献   

对太阳第21周最强烈活动区的分析     

李维宝  王洪照 《天文研究与技术》1997,(1)

太阳第２１周实测到３９８６个活动区，以黑子面积、Ｘ射线耀斑指数、１０．７ｃｍ射电爆发及质子事件等四项指数，从中综合评估出ＡＲ３８０４、ＡＲ４４７４等１６个最强烈活动区。与２２周比较，两周都有在时空分布的相对集中性特征。但２１周集中在４个时段，不如２２周在２个时段集中；２１周出现的５个热点，只有南半球在经度８５°前后的热点，与２２周３个热点之一相似；２１周的整体活动水平略低，在Ｘ射线和质子事件两方面尤为显著低于２２周  相似文献   

超声波测风仪设计中几个问题的探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邓昌建  张江林  王保强 《成都信息工程学院学报》2007,22(5):581-583

通过比较Gill仪器的Winsonic 2D测风仪和螺旋浆式风速风向计05103L的实测效果,分析了超声波测风仪测风的特点.进而分析了几种超声波测风的检测机理、系统组成和设计的注意事项;同时探讨了如何解决超声波测风仪目前使用中存在的一些问题(如:全天候使用、环境影响补偿等).最后讨论了超声波的传输特性和大气中的杂质对风速、风向测量的影响.  相似文献   

Comment on ‘Firat M,Güngor M. 2008. Hydrological time‐series modelling using an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system. Hydrological Processes 22: 2122–2132’     

T. Erdik 《水文研究》2009,23(5):793-794

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银河系厚盘的本地空间密度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

容建湘 《天文学报》1996,37(3):272-277

本文利用北银极天区的现代恒星计数资料，采用标准的银河系模型，通过恒星统计积分方程对参数值组合模型的亮度函数进行计数分析，证明了银河系厚盘恒星成份存在的必要性，并进一步得出太阳附近厚盘成份的空间密度的最佳期望值为薄盘密度的０．０４１．  相似文献