地域系统理论与北京山区优化开发研究   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

李廷芳 《地理研究》1996,15(2):92-99

地域系统理论是区域开发的理论基础。本文结合《北京山区优化开发研究》课题的实践,讨论了地域系统的结构与机制、地域过程的极化与扩散、地域系统的调控、地域系统类型与综合区划等地域系统理论的基本内容。  相似文献   

Guinea pig or pioneer: Translating global environmental objectives through to local actions in Central Kalimantan,Indonesia’s REDD+ pilot province     

《Global Environmental Change》2017

Many difficulties have arisen from top-down approaches to the design and implementation of global environmental initiatives. The concept of translation and other analytical features of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) can offer a way of conceptualising these difficulties and their practical effects. By translation, we refer to what happens in-between the formulation of international goals and the results of implementation, and more specifically, relations and negotiations within this broader process. We examine several aspects of translation in the case of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), a prominent global environmental initiative. Using an ethnographic approach, we explore local responses in Central Kalimantan province, Indonesia, to REDD+ ideas and goals that originate at international and national levels. Following selection in 2010 as the official REDD+ pilot province, Central Kalimantan became a site for the convergence of actors and projects with varied sources of funding. The study identifies a central tension that emerged between an initial vision of Central Kalimantan as a pioneer, and local concerns about being used as an experimental subject or ‘guinea pig’ for the testing of externally designed schemes. Results show that greater flexibility in the design of programs and initiatives is needed, to provide space for local inputs. Implementation should pay attention to how local actors are included in planning processes that inform decision-making at higher jurisdictional levels. To bring about intended changes in land use, programs like REDD+ need to extend beyond a focus on short-term projects and targets, to instead emphasise long-term investments and forms of collective action that support learning.  相似文献   

正确的网片剪裁计算理论及其网片单、双完成计算公式     

刘兴喜 《海洋科学》1989,13(6):47-50

本文报道了网片剪裁计算理论,网片单、双完成计算公式,正确的网片剪裁单、双完成计算理论和计算公式,对国外的几何作图和网片剪裁循环比例的基本计算理论,作了进一步的网片剪裁实践和理论对比。结果得出,本文的理论和计算公式是正确的。  相似文献   

地洼学说的发展与未来     

康自立 《华东地质学院学报》1992,15(2):113-118

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Two Necessary Conditions for the Glacial-Interglacial Cycles in the Quaternary     

LI Nan  CHEN Xing  LIU Fuhong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(6):657-670

Milankovitch Theory shows that glacial-interglacial cycles in the Quaternary are related to the variation of solar insolation forcing linked to the earth's astronomical parameters.However,the summer insolation at northern high latitudes,usually considered as the main external forcing for the ice age as Milankovitch pointed out,is marked by the 19- and 23-ka precession periodicities,which is not consistent with the glacial-interglacial cycles.On the other hand,recent studies indicate that the annual mean ...  相似文献   

A comprehensive model of the psychology of environmental behaviour—A meta-analysis     

Christian A. Klöckner 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(5):1028-1038

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地月系潮汐演化长期趋势的估计     

高懿  萧耐园 《天文学报》2007,48(4):456-462

根据角动量守恒原理,计算了地月系经潮汐演化到达平衡状态时的旋转周期和地月距离.并根据当前与平衡状态时地月系的总能量差,计算了到达平衡状态的时间.进而估计了地月距离变化和地球自转速率变化的长期趋势.  相似文献   

Enclosing the land: Cotton,population growth and tenure in Mali     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(1):1-9

On-going tenure changes in the cotton zone in southern Mali are discussed. Land tenure in the area is changing and adapting to the rapid agricultural development taking place. This adaptation supports the main tenets of Property Rights Theory (PRT). The driving forces behind enclosure of land rights as described by PRT, such as population pressure and increased market access, are acknowledged. Enclosure takes two forms in the study area. First, some customary authorities in villages where population pressure is relatively high attempt to restrict access to pastures and woods on village land to create exclusive village commons. Second, holdings are being subdivided and farmers are increasingly confining their fields through tree planting. Except around the towns, where semi-formal land sales are becoming increasingly frequent, this individualisation does not imply exclusive and absolute private property to land. Bundles of overlapping rights still exist where various individuals or groups control access to different resources on the same piece of land.  相似文献   

The case for employing Deleuzian philosophical concepts for understanding local economic development     

James E. Rowe 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(1):73-79

What constitutes economic development in a globalised world has significantly changed in the last twenty years. The literature indicates that economic development lacks a dedicated coherent body of theory. The evidence to date suggests that a positivistic predictive theory may not be possible for economic development; however a constructionist explanatory meta-theory of economic development might be developed by employing poststructuralist methodologies. This paper suggests that one way forward in this impasse of theory and unquestioned orthodoxy might be with works of Gilles Deleuze. Deleuzian metaphorical concepts are inherently spatial and resonate well with economic development practitioners because both are concerned with physical events such as the location of a new branch manufacturing plant, a warehouse or a shopping centre. In this paper, I agrue that conventional or positivistic social science research approaches can only develop, at best, limited relevant theory for economic development. Such a general theory is not ‘particularly’ relevant because positive (or negative) economic growth often occurs regardless of the best efforts of the local practitioners. Deleuzian philosophical concepts provide metaphorical tools that may be useful for visualising spatial economic activities. These tools encourage a practitioner to develop innovative solutions to resolve local economic problems. Rhizomatic thinking has the potential to help a practitioner become more effective.  相似文献   

Scalar Concentration Profiles in the Canopy and Roughness Sublayer   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Ian N. Harman  John J. Finnigan 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2008,129(3):323-351

The mean flow and scalar concentration profiles within and above a tall canopy are well known to violate the standard boundary-layer flux-gradient relationships. We present a theory for the scalar concentration profile that is comprised of a canopy exchange model coupled to a modified surface-layer model. The coupling between the two components and the modifications to the surface-layer profiles are formulated through the mixing-layer analogy for the flow at canopy top. This analogy provides an additional length scale—the vorticity thickness—upon which the profiles depend and a set of criteria that allows a reduction in the empiricism associated with earlier forms in the literature. Predictions of the mean scalar concentration profiles are shown to match observations over a wide range of diabatic stabilities for both potential temperature and water vapour.  相似文献