基于GIS的坡面泥石流危险性评价     

蒋艾君  吴亮  彭强  吕飞扬  李天兴 《测绘与空间地理信息》2013,(9)

综合不同的泥石流评价因子对泥石流危险性进行了研究,利用地理信息系统（ GIS）来计算潜在的泥石流危险区域。选取虹口乡高原村与庙坝村共处坡面为研究区域,在ArcGIS中生成研究区域的坡面立体图。选取适当的评级指标,确定了流域内主要的泥石流影响因子。采用层次分析法得出各主要因子的权重值,将各因子划分为五个不同等级,并分别对各个因子进行数值化和归一化处理。利用ArcGIS形成各评价因子专题层,再分别给不同评价栅格赋权重值,最终运用叠置分析与插值分析得出研究坡面的不同色带所表示的危险等级区划图,从而实现单坡面泥石流危险性的评价。  相似文献   

Detection of hydrocarbons in clay soils: A laboratory experiment using spectroscopy in the mid- and thermal infrared     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2013

Remote sensing has been used for direct and indirect detection of hydrocarbons. Most studies so far focused on indirect detection in vegetated areas. We investigated in this research the possibility of detecting hydrocarbons in bare soil through spectral analysis of laboratory samples in the short wave and thermal infrared regions. Soil/oil mixtures were spectrally measured in the laboratory. Analysis of spectra showed development of hydrocarbon absorption features as soils became progressively more contaminated. The future application of these results airborne seems to be a challenge as present and future sensors only cover the diagnostic regions to a limited extent.  相似文献   

散粒体斜坡运动堆积特征试验研究     

何娜  傅荣华  卜祥航  汪留洋  李川  邓荫万  陈国文  潘宏坚 《地质灾害与环境保护》2012,23(1):50-53

散粒体斜坡俗称“溜砂坡”,对其运动和堆积特征的研究是溜砂坡防治的关键.在斜坡模型架上模拟碎块石的运动过程和堆积过程,探索其颗粒大小、形态与斜坡角的关系.通过堆积体纵剖面取样发现,溜砂坡堆积呈现分形结构,其颗粒质量粒径分布分维数随黏粒含量的增大而增大.  相似文献   

A depositional model for a wave‐dominated open‐coast tidal flat,based on analyses of the Cambrian–Ordovician Lagarto and Palmares formations,north‐eastern Brazil     

GIORGIO BASILICI  PEDRO HENRIQUE VIEIRA DE LUCA  ELSON PAIVA OLIVEIRA 《Sedimentology》2012,59(5):1613-1639

Open‐coast tidal flats are hybrid depositional systems resulting from the interaction of waves and tides. Modern examples have been recognized, but few cases have been described in ancient rock successions. An example of an ancient open‐coast tidal flat, the depositional architecture of the Lagarto and Palmares formations (Cambrian–Ordovician of the Sergipano Belt, north‐eastern Brazil) is presented here. Detailed field analyses of outcrops allowed the development of a conceptual architectural model for a coastal depositional environment that is substantially different from classical wave‐dominated or tide‐dominated coastal models. This architectural model is dominated by storm wave, low orbital velocity wave and tidal current beds, which vary in their characteristics and distribution. In a landward direction, the storm deposits decrease in abundance, dimension (thickness and spacing) and grain size, and vary from accretionary through scour and drape to anisotropic hummocky cross‐stratification beds. Low orbital wave deposits are more common in the medium and upper portion of the tidal flat. Tidal deposits, which are characterized by mudstone interbedded with sandstone strata, are dominant in the landward portion of the tidal flat. Hummocky cross‐stratification beds in the rock record are believed, in general, to represent storm deposits in palaeoenvironments below the fair‐weather wave base. However, in this model of an open‐coast tidal flat, hummocky cross‐stratification beds were found in very shallow waters above the fair‐weather wave base. Indeed, this depositional environment was characterized by: (i) fair‐weather waves and tides that lacked sufficient energy to rework the storm deposits; (ii) an absence of biological communities that could disrupt the storm deposits; and (iii) high aggradation rates linked to an active foreland basin, which contributed definitively to the rapid burial and preservation of these hummocky cross‐stratification deposits.  相似文献   

Petrology and geochemistry of prograde deserpentinized peridotites from Happo-O’ne, Japan: Evidence of element mobility during deserpentinization     

Mohamed Zaki Khedr  Shoji Arai 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2012,43(1):150-163

The prograde deserpentinized peridotites from the talc zone in the Happo-O’ne complex, central Japan, show differences in their field relation and mineral assemblage with the high-P retrograde peridotites of the other part of the complex. They show a mineral assemblage, olivine + talc + antigorite ± prograde tremolite ± chlorite, formed by thermal metamorphism around the granitic intrusion at T, 500-650 °C and P < 7 kbar. The olivine has numerous opaque inclusions and high Fo (91.5-96.5) relative to the retrograde olivine, reflecting its formation by deserpentinization. The prograde tremolite, which is low in Al₂O₃ (<1.0 wt.%), Cr₂O₃ (<0.35 wt.%), and Na₂O (<0.6 wt.%) but high in Mg# (up to 0.98) and SiO₂ (up to 59.9 wt.%), is different in size, shape and chemistry from the retrograde tremolite. The prograde peridotites display a U-shaped REE pattern (0.02-0.5 times PM), similar to diopside-zone retrograde metaperidotites, possible protoliths. They are enriched in LILE (e.g., Cs, Pb, Sr, Rb) relative to HFSE (e.g., Ta, Hf, Zr, Nb), like their protoliths, because of their local re-equilibration with the fluid released during dehydration of the protoliths. They have high contents of REE and some trace elements (e.g., Cs, Th, U, Ta) relative to their protoliths because of an external-element addition from the granitic magma. In-situ analyses of peridotitic silicates confirmed that the prograde tremolite and talc display a spoon-shaped primitive mantle (PM)-normalized REE pattern (0.1-3 times PM) in which LREE are higher than HREE contents. The prograde tremolite is depleted in Al, Na, Cr, Sc, V, Ti, B, HREE and Li, but is enriched in Si, Cs, U, Th, HFSE (Hf, Zr, Nb, Ta), Rb and Ba relative to the retrograde tremolite; the immobile-element depletion in this tremolite is inherited from its source (antigorite + secondary diopside), whereas the depletion of mobile elements (e.g., Li, B, Na, Al) is ascribed to their mobility during the deserpentinization and/or the depleted character of the source of tremolite. The enrichment of HFSE and LILE in the prograde tremolite is related to an external addition of these elements from fluid/melt of the surrounding granitic magma and/or in situ equilibrium with LILE-bearing fluid released during dehydration of serpentinized retrograde metaperidotites and olivine-bearing serpentinites (protoliths). The prograde olivine is higher in REE and most trace-element contents than the retrograde one due to the external addition of these elements; it is enriched in B, Co and Ni, but depleted in Li that was liberated during deserpentinization by prograde metamorphism.  相似文献