A comparison between artificial neural network algorithms and empirical equations applied to submerged weir scour evolution prediction     

Dawei Guan  Jingang Liu  Yee-Meng Chiew  Jian-Hao Hong  Liang Cheng 《国际泥沙研究》2023,38(1):105-114

Estimating the time evolution of a local scour hole downstream of submerged weirs can help determine the maximum scour depth and length and is essential to designing submerged weir foundations.In the current study, artificial neural networks with a backpropagation learning algorithm were used to estimate the temporal variation of scour profiles downstream of submerged weirs under clear water conditions. Physical factors, such as the flow condition, weir size, and sediment characteristics, are ge...  相似文献   

中国地震烈度评定值的统计检验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

潘岳怡  俞言祥  肖亮 《地球物理学报》2017,60(2):593-603

为研究我国地震烈度的评定是否存在随时间变化的趋势,本文从统计的角度,选取合适的烈度衰减关系模型作标准,基于残差分析的基本原理,对1900年到2013年间392个地震的烈度评定值随年份变化的趋势进行了统计分析,并提出一种改进的衡量拟合优劣的算法,量化数据的整体偏差并直观地展现数据的离散程度.统计检验结果表明,烈度评定值无论按区域划分、按震级划分或是按烈度划分均与整体存在一致且显著的时间分布趋势:1960年之前烈度评定值较为离散,1960年到1980年左右烈度评定值逐年减小,1980年开始烈度评定值逐渐增大,2000年以后绝大多数烈度评定值高于平均水平,且该时段烈度评定值偏高程度尤为明显,平均总体偏高约0.4度,且有继续增高的趋势.  相似文献   

基于脉冲检测的混合震源数据分离   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

魏亚杰  韩立国  单刚义  朱鹤文 《地球物理学报》2018,61(3):1157-1168

混合震源采集技术相对于传统地震数据采集具有改善成像质量、提高采集效率的优势.减小混合炮中单炮之间的随机延时范围能够有效的提高采集效率,但这也给之后的混采数据分离带来了影响.混采数据经伪分离后非共炮域数据中的混叠噪声明显更加集中,不利于对混叠噪声进行压制.本文提出基于脉冲检测方法对混采数据进行分离,并且与迭代的多级中值滤波方法作对比,时间延时范围较大时,两种方法都能得到很好的分离结果;时间延时范围较小时,本文方法能更有效的去除混叠噪声,同时也能更好的保留细节信息.实际数据计算结果表明,本文方法一定程度上还能够有效压制其他随机噪声.  相似文献   

A Study on the Seismic Velocity Changes before and after the 2016 MS6.4 Menyuan Earthquake Using the Active Source Data in the Qilian Mountain     

Zou Rui  Guo Xiao  Zhang Yuansheng  Qin Manzhong  Yan Wenhua 《中国地震研究》2018,32(4):549-559

The Qilian Mountain active source network data was processed using the methods of stacking, cross-correlation and interpolation, and the airgun travel time variation characteristics of P and S waves around the January 21, 2016 M_S6.4 Menyua, Qinghai earthquake. The results show that about 6 months before the earthquake, the relative travel time of three stations near the epicenter showed a declined change (travel time decrease), and such a change of low value anomaly was recovered about 3 months before the earthquake. The travel time decrease then appeared again, and the earthquake occurred during the recovery process. The maximum decrease of the S-wave travel time was 18ms, and the change in travel time returned to normal after the earthquake. The variation trend of the 3 stations is consistent, including the S-wave travel time change of station ZDY38, which is nearest to the epicenter and changed obviously, and the variation range of the travel time is smaller at the stations afar. This variation pattern is related to the position of the seismic source. The shorter travel time means the velocity increase, which may be related to the regional stress accumulation.  相似文献   

Analysis of the Frequency Domain Water-level Deconvolution Method Based on Reservoir Airgun Source Data     

You Xiuzhen  Li Jun  Lin Binhu  Huang Yandan  Wu Lihu  Guo Yang 《中国地震研究》2018,32(3):355-366

Based on the 2016 airgun experimental data of the Fujian Nanyi reservoir, we adopted the frequency domain water-level deconvolution method and cross-correlation time delay detection technique to study the influence of level scaling factor and the background noise level of the station on deconvolution calculation results, and analyze the effect of deconvolution on eliminating the influence of the source caused by different air-gun pressures. The results show that:(1) When the level scaling factor is smaller, the signal to noise ratio of the waveform after the deconvolution is smaller, and when the level scaling factor is over smaller, the identification error of travel time is greater. (2) When the SNR of the station record is higher, the recognition accuracy of travel time is higher, the influence of SNR on the reference station record is far greater than the far station, when the SNR of the far station record is more than 10, the error of travel time is within 6ms, but when the SNR of the reference station record is 30, the travel time error may reach to 20ms. (3) When the airgun source difference is big, the frequency domain water-level deconvolution method has better effect on eliminating the source influence, but the method error may be introduced when the source difference is small.  相似文献   

Upper crustal anisotropy observed around the Longmenshan fault in the 2013 M_S7.0 Lushan earthquake region          下载免费PDF全文

Lijun Chang  Zhifeng Ding  Chunyong Wang 《地震科学（英文版）》2018,31(4):187-198

Based on the shear wave splitting analysis of the seismic recordings at 17 temporary stations and three permanent stations, we measured the shear wave splitting parameters (i.e., the polarization direction of fast shear wave and the time delay of slow wave) to perform a systematic analysis of the crustal seismic anisotropy around the Longmenshan fault in the 2013 M_S7.0 Lushan earthquake region. We observed apparent spatio-temporal characteristics in the shear wave splitting parameters. The spatial distribution of fast polarization directions showed a clear partitioning in the characteristics from northwest to southeast in the focal region, which changed from NW-SE to NE-SW. In the northwest of the focal region, the fast polarization direction was oriented to NW-SE, which was parallel to the maximum horizontal compressive stress direction. However, the NE-SW fast polarization direction in the southeast of the focal region was parallel to the Longmenshan fault strike. For station BAX on the Central fault in the middle of the focal region, the distribution of fast polarization directions showed a bimodal pattern, with one dominant in the NE-SW direction and the other in the NW-SE direction. With regard to the temporal variation, the time delays were large in the initial stage after the mainshock but then gradually decreased over time and tended to be stable in the later period. This indicated that stress in the focal region increased to a maximum when the main shock occurred, with the stress release caused by the mainshock and aftershock activity, and the stress gradually decreased after a period of time. The scatter of fast polarization directions was large after the main shock, but over time the scatter gradually decreased, indicating that the Lushan earthquake caused a large perturbation in the local stress field. As the stress gradually decreased and was adjusted by the aftershock activity, the perturbation gradually weakened.  相似文献   

基于激发振幅成像条件的探地雷达逆时偏移成像          下载免费PDF全文

王敏玲  王洪华  张智  徐志锋 《地球物理学报》2018,61(8):3435-3445

针对基于互相关成像条件的探地雷达（GPR）逆时偏移计算效率低、存储量大及易产生低频假象的不足,本文将激发振幅成像条件应用于GPR逆时偏移成像中.通过在源点电磁波场正向传播过程计算每个网格点的能量密度,并保存最大能量密度的时刻和相应的电磁波场值;在接收点电磁波场逆向传播过程提取每个网格点最大能量密度时刻及对应的电磁波场值,并利用保存的最大能量源点电磁波场及走时做归一化,从而获得了依赖反射系数成像剖面,避免了源点正向传播电磁波场的存储和重建.此外,为了提高电磁波场的模拟精度,采用了基于三角形剖分的时间域有限单元法（FETD）计算电磁波正向和逆向传播过程.最后通过模型试算表明：激发振幅成像条件相比于归一化互相关成像条件,成像结果低频噪声更弱,空间分辨率更高,计算效率提高了近2倍.  相似文献   

震后地下岩层分形渗透率的时间演化规律研究          下载免费PDF全文

郑懿  曹俊兴  何晓燕 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):4126-4135

天然地震发生后,地震波及区域内的地下岩层渗透率常常会发生显著改变,其变化曲线显示出独有的特征,造成这一现象的机理较为复杂,传统渗流理论尚不能给出合理解释.针对这一问题,从震后渗透率变化规律入手,深入分析了地下岩层裂缝体系对渗透率的影响,给出了裂缝结构参数与渗透率之间的定量关系.结合岩层黏弹特性以及天然地震所产生的地下岩层体应变特征,基于裂缝体系分维度正比于外部应力的实验事实,将黏弹体应力松弛机制引入该体系,对裂缝分形渗透率模型进行了含时推广,建立起震后地下岩层渗透率的时间演化模型,理论预测曲线与实验曲线吻合较好.在此基础上提出‘分形裂缝渗透率松弛效应’这一全新概念.本研究为震控流体运移研究提供了新思路,对于揭示震后断层恢复机制,探讨断层活动与孕震的关联有一定的理论价值和现实意义.  相似文献   

现代地震预警系统中的时间延迟效应分析          下载免费PDF全文

李拴虎  陈立峰  姚远  韩晓明  杨红樱 《地震工程学报》2017,39(4):790-796

地震预警系统(EEW)中时间延迟制约着地震预警的时效性,缩短地震预警延迟时间能显著提高地震预报效能和应急反应能力。通过分析地震预警系统的延迟因素,分解从地震发生到预警信息发布过程的各个环节,计算出每个环节的时间延迟值,并对原地、异地和混合地震预警模式的地震预警水平、预警盲区半径进行对比,分析三种地震预警模式的时间延迟效应。结果显示,预警系统的时间延迟主要包含数据传输和数据处理两方面,实验室理论最少延迟时间为Δt=3.9s;主流预警系统平均延迟时间为Δt=14.3s;最先进的预警系统延迟只有Δt=8.7s。时间延迟同样影响着浅源地震(0~60km)的预警盲区半径,二者呈正相关性,当Δt=8.7s时,盲区半径最高达52.2km;当Δt=3.9s时,盲区半径最大只有23.4km。分析认为,有效缩短地震预警系统中的延迟时间,不仅能提高地震预警的时效性,同时能降低预警的盲区范围,对整个监测预报、预警和防灾减灾事业也有积极的推动作用。  相似文献   

Simultaneous joint migration inversion for high-resolution imaging/inversion of time-lapse seismic datasets     

Shan Qu  Dirk Jacob Verschuur 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(4):1167-1188

The current time-lapse practice is to exactly repeat well-sampled acquisition geometries to mitigate acquisition effects on the time-lapse differences. In order to relax the rigid requirements on acquisition effects, we propose simultaneous joint migration inversion as an effective time-lapse tool for reservoir monitoring, which combines a joint time-lapse data processing strategy with the joint migration inversion method. Joint migration inversion is a full-wavefield inversion method that explains the measured reflection data using a parameterization in terms of reflectivity and propagation velocity. Both the inversion process inside the imaging/inversion scheme and the extra illumination provided by including multiples in joint migration inversion makes the obtained velocity and reflectivity operator largely independent of the utilized acquisition geometry and, thereby, relaxes the strong requirement of non-repeatability during the monitoring. Because simultaneous joint migration inversion inverts for all datasets simultaneously and utilizes various constraints on the estimated reflectivities and velocity, the obtained time-lapse differences have much higher accuracy compared to inverting each dataset separately. It allows the baseline and monitor parameters to communicate with each other dynamically during inversion via a user-defined spatial weighting operator. In order to get more localized time-lapse velocity differences, we further extend the regular simultaneous joint migration inversion to a robust high-resolution simultaneous joint migration inversion process using the time-lapse reflectivity difference as an extra constraint for the velocity estimation during inversion. This constraint makes a link between the reflectivity- and the velocity difference by exploiting the relationship between them. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method with a highly realistic synthetic model based on the Grane field offshore Norway and a time-lapse field dataset from the Troll Field.  相似文献