STUDIES ON THE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT AND PROPER CALCIUM/PHOSPHORUS RATIO IN THE DIET OF THE BLACK SEA BREAM(SPARUS MACROCEPHALUS)     

刘镜恪  李茂堂  王可玲  王新成  刘建康 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1993,(2)

An experiment on the phosphorus requirement and the proper Ca/P ratio in the diet of the black sea bream using the phosphorus gradient method (with casein as basic diet, sodium dihydrogen phosphate as source of phosphorus, and calcium lactate as source of calcium) showed that growth was greatly affected by the diet's phosphorus content and Ca/P ratio. Inadequate phosphorus in the diet resulted in slow growth and poor food conversion ratio (FCR). Analyses of the fish body showed it contained a high level of lipid but a low level of moisture, ash, calcium and phosphorus. The optimal values of phosphorus and Ca/P ratio in the black sea bream diet are 0.68% and 1:2 respectively. Phosphorus in excess of this optimum value resulted in slow growth or even death. The results of this experiment clearly indicated that phosphorus is the principal mineral additive affecting black sea bream growth.  相似文献   

Tidal exchange of nitrogen and phosphorus between a mesohaline vegetated marsh and the surrounding estuary in the lower Chesapeake Bay     

Thomas G. Wolaver  Joseph C. Zieman  Richard Wetzel  Ken L. Webb 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,16(3):321-332

A 22-month study was conducted to determine the exchange of nitrogen and phosphorus between a mesohaline vegetated marsh in the Carter's Creek area of Virginia and the surrounding estuary, focusing on the role of the vegetated marsh surface in the processing of these constituents. On an annual basis there was a removal of $\text{NH}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{+}}$, $\text{PO}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{3?}}$, $\text{NO}{}_3{}^{\mathrm{?}}$, dissolved organic nitrogen, dissolved organic phosphorus, particulate nitrogen and particulate phosphorus from the tidal water as it resided on the vegetated marsh. Only nitrite was transported from the marsh to the estuary. Most of the nitrogen and phosphorus species showed distinct seasonal trends with respect to the direction of transport except nitrate and orthophosphate. The ammonium flux data indicates that this nutrient was removed from the inundating water during late spring and fall, with a slight release of this constituent into the tidal water during the late summer. The transport of nitrite was from the estuary to the marsh for most of the year except during the fall. The large release of this nutrient into the tidal water at this time is associated with the senescence of the marsh vegetation. There was a large removal of DON from the tidal water during the fall, while the flux of DOP was from the estuary to the marsh for most of the year except during the summer. The largest removal of particulate nitrogen and phosphorus from the tidal water occurred during the summer months when the turbidity of the tidal water was highest, especially when wave scouring of the mudflats brings material into the water column. A loss of particulate nitrogen from the marsh to the estuary was evident during the fall and winter.  相似文献   

Characteristics of suspended sediment in the upper rhone river,switzerland, including the particulate forms of phosphorus     

D. Burrus  R. L. Thomas  B. Dominik  J.-P Vernet  J. Dominik 《水文研究》1990,4(1):85-98

Six stations along the Upper Rhone River above Lake Geneva were sampled by continuous flow centrifuge for recovery of suspended sediment. The samples were taken four times, once in 1982 and three times in 1983. In addition the mouth of the river was sampled in a like manner every two weeks during 1982 until August 1983. Samples were analysed for the major elements SiO₂, Al₂O₃, K₂O, MgO, Na₂O, CaO, and Fe₂O₃; for trace elements, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, and Cr; for Org. C and Kjeldahl N; and the forms of phosphorus bound as Organic P (OP), Apatite P (AP), and Non Apatite Inorganic P (NAIP). The major elements and trace metals confirmed that there is virtually no change in the major geochemical characteristics of the suspended solids in the Rhone, spatially or temporally, indicating that this river is a well-mixed sedimentary system. AP also remained consistent in concentration throughout the year. Sediment recovered during the winter low flow, low turbidity period has been designated SED 1 whereas sediment from the high flow, high turbidity summer condition of the river has been designated SED 2. Org C, OP, and NAIP show a dramatic decrease in concentration from SED 1 to SED 2. The decline is ascribed to dilution of a relatively constant supply of organic matter and phosphorus derived mainly from point source sewage treatment plants to the Rhone. This results in variable partitioning of the OP/NAIP and Org C under the different turbidity condition in the river between winter and summer. This interpretation is confirmed by a low and consistent C-N ratio which except for March remains below 10. Higher values in March may be indicative of soil erosion during spring melt in the agricultural lands of the Rhone Valley. The estimated proportion of particulate bio-available phosphorus is 14 per cent for SED 1 and 7 per cent for SED 2. These low values would suggest that there would be no observable direct effect on the primary production of the receiving waters of Lake Geneva, which would thus respond only to the cumulative loading of phosphorus from the Rhone River.  相似文献   

Arsenic,barium, germanium,tin, dimethylsulfide and nutrient biogeochemistry in Charlotte Harbor,Florida, a phosphorus-enriched estuary     

P.N. Froelich  L.W. Kaul  J.T. Byrd  M.O. Andreae  K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264

Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO₃, PO₄, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO₃ and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The $\text{Ge}\text{Si}$ ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10^?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River.  相似文献   

云龙湖沉积物碱性磷酸酶活力特征及其对氮、磷元素的作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董潇  王晓  宋新桓  韩宝平  王强  徐德兰 《湿地科学》2009,7(4):368-372

碱性磷酸酶能催化有机磷分解释放正磷酸盐,对湖泊治理研究具有生态学意义。以徐州市云龙湖为研究区,于2008年9月4日在云龙湖东、西两个区域共布设20个采样点,测定了沉积物的碱性磷酸酶活力,研究沉积物中碱性磷酸酶的分布及其活力与营养盐（总氮和总磷）的关系。结果表明,云龙湖东、西区沉积物的碱性磷酸酶活力的最大值都出现在沉积物表层（0～3cm层）,最小值都出现在底层（7～11cm层）;云龙湖东区上覆水中总氮和总磷含量高于西区;云龙湖东区沉积物中总磷和总氮含量的最大值都出现在底层,而西区则都出现在表层;东、西区沉积物中层（4～6cm层）的碱性磷酸酶活力都与其总磷含量显著正相关（东区：r=0＋776,n=10,P〈0．01;西区：r=0．642,n=10,P〈0．05）,研究区沉积物中层是碱性磷酸酶的活跃层;东区沉积物底层的碱性磷酸酶活力与其总氮含量显著正相关（r=0．838,n=10,P〈0．01）;东、西区沉积物表层的碱性磷酸酶活力与其总磷和总氮含量不相关。  相似文献   

Variations in Phosphorus Speciation in Pilot Scale Subsurface Flow Wetlands Constructed with Blast Furnace Slag and Gravel     

Baoqing Shan  Chunming Hu  Wenzhong Tang  Yajing Cheng 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(10):818-825

Variations in phosphorus (P) speciation were compared for two types of pilot scale wetlands: a blast furnace slag‐based constructed wetland (SCW), and a gravel‐based constructed wetland (GCW). Synthetic secondary effluent was used as the influent of the wetlands, which contained 1.1 mg/L P with more than 95% present as soluble reactive P (SRP). However, dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) emerged in the water along both wetlands. The levels of these three P species varied between the two wetlands. The GCW was more efficient than SCW at removing SRP, but showed a different trend. SRP decreased continually in the SCW, while it increased at the end of the GCW due to biological release. DOP was constant in SCW and GCW, and the mean value was 0.023 and 0.020 mg/L, respectively. The mean values of PP in the GCW ranged between 0.093 and 0.216 mg/L; much higher than the 0.05 ± 0.01 mg/L measured in the SCW. Sequential extractions showed that iron bound PP (Fe‐PP), aluminum bound PP (Al‐PP), organic PP (Org‐PP) and occluded PP (Oc‐PP) were the major components of PP at most locations of the GCW. Fe‐PP decreased from 0.53 to 0.14 mg/L in the upper layer, with DO steady at about 0.15 mg/L at the bottom. Oc‐PP increased at each layer. Al‐PP and Org‐PP were steady in the first 140 cm of the GCW, but decreased sharply at the end. Considering the variation of SRP, DOP and PP fractionations, it can be seen that PP exchanged intensively with SRP in the GCW, and might act as an intermediate in the P removal process. Part of the SRP was first transformed into PP, and then absorbed by substrates or deposited in the wetlands. P removal was mainly via Ca precipitation in the SCW, but involved multiple mechanisms in the GCW, such as precipitation, adsorption and biological interactions. The multiple P removal mechanisms might be the reason for the low proportion of SRP, and the better P removal efficiency observed in the GCW.  相似文献   

九龙江口生物可利用磷的行为与入海通量   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

杨逸萍  胡明辉  陈海龙  宋瑞星 《台湾海峡》1998,(3)

于1995年3、5月在九龙江口进行两个航次的现场调查,研究不同形态磷的河口行为,并估算生物可利用磷的入海通量。结果表明,在S＜20区域内,溶解活性磷（DRP）的行为受控于“缓冲机制”,其含量在8～10μg／dm3水平上下波动。颗粒磷中MgCl2。可提取磷（MgCl2-P）含量随盐度增大而增大,并与叶绿素a以及悬浮物中Fe、Mn、Al含量呈正相关关系。NaOH／NaCl可提取磷（NaOH／NaCl－P）随盐度增大按指数关系下降,其含量与悬浮物中Fe、Mn、Al含量呈正相关关系。HCl可提取磷（HCl－P）在河口区的行为表现为保守混合。九龙江口生物可利用磷入海通量约517t／a,其中潜在生物可利用磷（PBAP）的贡献为溶解活性磷（DRP）的3倍。  相似文献   

东、黄海柱状沉积物中有机磷与无机磷的含量与分布研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

曹文卿  刘素美 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,40(1)

研究了东、黄海海域典型站位柱状沉积物中总磷(TP)、无机磷(IP)及有机磷(OP)的含量及其分布特征.东海、黄海海域3种形态磷的浓度范围分别如下:东海:TP 13.73～19.85 μmol·g~(-1),IP 11.39～16.03 μmol·g~(-1)和OP 2.11～3.81 μmol·g~(-1);黄海:TP 14.44～18.33 μmol·g~(-1);IP 11.79～15.88 μmol·g~(-1)和OP 2.45～2.65 μmol·g~(-1).两海区沉积物中IP/TP和OP/TP变化范围分别为79%～88%和12%～21%.IP是研究海域沉积物中磷的主要存在形式,陆源输入为影响沉积物磷浓度的主要因素.地处长江口附近的E4站和东海中部海区的E6站分别为所有调查站位中各形态磷浓度的最高和最低者.不同海区柱状沉积物中各形态磷浓度的垂直分布特点不同.其分布特征在一定程度上反映了相应历史时段该站位营养盐输入水平、自然条件和人类活动的重大变化.  相似文献   

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祝芙英  吴云  林剑  周义炎  熊晶  杨剑 《大地测量与地球动力学》2009,29(3):50-54

?????????????TEC??????????(??????????????????λ?????????λ????)???????????????????TEC????????в??????TEC?????????????TEC??????н????????????????????????????????????й??????????????GNSS???????????????TEC?????????????????????8.0?????????з????????????÷????????????Ч?????????????TEC?????????  相似文献   

Modifications of the curcumin method enabling precise and accurate measurement of seawater boron concentration     

Yong-Ming Liu  Kitack Lee   《Marine Chemistry》2009,115(1-2):110-117

To achieve greater precision and accuracy in the measurement of seawater boron concentrations, we propose a series of modifications to an established (curcumin) method based on the reaction of boric acid with curcumin. The modifications were derived from a series of experiments evaluating the stability of the curcumin–acetic acid reagent, the dependence of the reaction on temperature and duration, the effect of evaporation during the dehydration process, the interference of water, and the effect of sea salts. Application of the modified method to analysis of seawater samples collected from the Pacific Ocean indicated that it yielded considerably better precision and accuracy for boron concentration measurements than both the conventional curcumin method and other analytical techniques.  相似文献