GPS在高精度基准线精密测量中的应用     

吴迪军  周昌红  李剑坤 《地理空间信息》2012,(3):31-33

针对高精度火箭橇实验滑轨基准线基准点间距短、密度大、测量精度要求高的特点,分析了GPS短基线定位误差的影响,对高精度基准线GPS网的测量精度、坐标基准、网形、观测及数据处理方法进行了设计,并对测量成果进行了精度分析。结果表明,GPS相对定位技术是高精度基准线精密测量的一种有效方法。  相似文献   

Gravitationally distorted P Cygni profiles from outflows near compact objects     

A. V. Dorodnitsyn 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,393(4):1433-1448

We consider resonant absorption in a spectral line in the outflowing plasma within several tens of Schwarzschild radii from a compact object. We take into account both Doppler and gravitational shifting effects and reformulate the theory of P Cygni profiles in these new circumstances. It is found that a spectral line may have multiple absorption and emission components depending on how far the region of interaction is from the compact object and what the distribution of velocity and opacity is. Profiles of spectral lines produced near a neutron star or a black hole can be strongly distorted by Doppler blue- or redshifting and gravitational redshifting. These profiles may have both red- and blueshifted absorption troughs. The result should be contrasted with classical P Cygni profiles, which consist of redshifted emission and blueshifted absorption features.
We suggest that this property of line profiles to have complicated narrow absorption and emission components in the presence of strong gravity may help researchers to study spectroscopically the innermost parts of an outflow.  相似文献   

The Wouthuysen-Field effect in a clumpy intergalactic medium     

Jonathan Higgins  Avery Meiksin 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,393(3):949-958

  相似文献   

A relativistically smeared spectrum in the neutron star X-ray binary 4U 1705−44: looking at the inner accretion disc with X-ray spectroscopy     

T. Di Salvo  A. D'Aí  R. Iaria  L. Burderi  M. Dov&#;iak  V. Karas  G. Matt  A. Papitto  S. Piraino  A. Riggio  N. R. Robba  A. Santangelo 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,398(4):2022-2027

Iron emission lines at 6.4–6.97 keV, identified with fluorescent Kα transitions, are among the strongest discrete features in the X-ray band. These are therefore one of the most powerful probes to infer the properties of the plasma in the innermost part of the accretion disc around a compact object. In this paper, we present a recent XMM–Newton observation of the X-ray burster 4U 1705−44, where we clearly detect a relativistically smeared iron line at about 6.7 keV, testifying with high statistical significance that the line profile is distorted by high-velocity motion in the accretion disc. As expected from disc reflection models, we also find a significant absorption edge at about 8.3 keV; this feature appears to be smeared, and is compatible with being produced in the same region where the iron line is produced. From the line profile, we derive the physical parameters of the inner accretion disc with large precision. The line is identified with the Kα transition of highly ionized iron, Fe  xxv , the inner disc radius is   R _in= 14 ± 2  R _g  (where R _g is the Gravitational radius,   GM / c ²  ), the emissivity dependence from the disc radius is   r ^{−2.27±0.08}  , the inclination angle with respect to the line of sight is   i = 39°± 1°  . Finally, the XMM–Newton spectrum shows evidences of other low-energy emission lines, which again appear broad and their profiles are compatible with being produced in the same region where the iron line is produced.  相似文献   

启动对流的初始扰动对热带飑线模拟的影响   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

张进  谈哲敏 《大气科学》2008,32(2):309-322

在中尺度数值模拟及数值预报中,正确的对流启动是模拟或预报是否取得成功的关键。作者针对一次热带海洋飑线过程,利用一个风暴尺度云分辨数值模式进行数值模拟,采用不同的初始扰动触发与启动对流发展,重点讨论这些不同启动对流的初始扰动对飑线演变、生命史及其成熟结构等模拟的影响。结果表明,初始扰动的结构、形态分布及其与环境场的不同配置对具有深对流的飑线生命史存在重要影响,而对飑线的成熟结构影响较小。  相似文献   

“08.8.11”河北海岸带中γ、β尺度大暴雨分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李延江  高岑  周艳军  吴杰 《气象》2009,35(4):94-101

2008年8月11日渤海西岸区的抚宁县牛头崖镇(05-06时)、唐海站(12-13时)分别出现小时雨量超100mm的突发性中γ、β尺度大暴雨天气过程.利用秦皇岛和天津CINRAD/SA雷达资料、中尺度天气学物理量诊断、河北MM5预报结果、山海关探空及自动站加密分钟资料同步分析,结合中β尺度回波带与降水峰值对应分析.初步得出:在同一"母体"中尺度回波带背景下,不同时刻中γ、β尺度降水系统互相扰动导致大暴雨发生,前者为普通多单体风暴,距"母体"回波带100km、300km空间剖面呈波动形态传播,与上游重力波激发有关;后者为减弱的母体回波带底部新生强多单体风暴,与海岸弱切变扰动和热力因子有关;尺度界定基于雷达GPS回波质心定位与加密站雨区面积GIS信息校对;探讨了0～1小时海岸带地区致灾暴雨的中小尺度系统可预报性因子,为临近预警时效"后延"的研究,提供一些新的预报依据.  相似文献   

Controlling the open ocean forcing of baroclinic coastal jets with a 4D-var method     

V. Taillandier  V. Echevin  L. Mortier  J.-L. Devenon 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2009,48(1-3):155

An optimal control approach was carried out to investigate the influence of perturbations of baroclinic coastal jets which are located upstream of the observation site. Two academic numerical experiments were considered: the intrusion of the buoyancy anomaly within an established density current along a straight coast (experiments A), and the interaction of a coastal current with a shelf topography (experiments B). We explored the sensitivity of the forcing retrieval to the spatial distribution of observations (experiments A) and to the temporal sampling of the forcing (experiments B), using a 4D-var formalism. The sensitivity of numerical simulations is discussed in the framework of analytical solutions. The results provide insight into how observational network and data assimilation method would impact the realistic modelling of coastal jets and the shelf slope exchanges.  相似文献   

上海浦东机场一次连续出现的强对流天气对比分析     

唐民  梅珏 《气象》2009,35(10):25-31

2006年6月22日从中午至半夜,上海浦东机场连续发生了3次强对流天气过程,对飞行安全及航班的正常都造成了很大影响.利用各种常规观测、多普勒雷达、卫星云图及风廓线仪等资料,对6月22日的连续性对流过程进行对比分析.发现此连续对流过程中3次强对流天气发生、发展过程具有明显差异,其触发机制也各不相同.其中第一次强对流天气为局地热力对流;第二次强对流天气为锋面过境引起的飑线过程;而第三次强对流天气是伴随中尺度低压环流的对流过程.在各次强对流过程发生前,浦东机场风廓线仪资料中均出现明显的风向的垂直切变,具有较好的预警意义.  相似文献   

巴彦淖尔市“8．16”局地大暴雨过程诊断分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王永清  张连霞  梁凤娟  李晓东 《内蒙古气象》2009,(4):9-11

文章利用常规气象观测资料、数值预报产品和自动站资料,对2008年8月15-18日发生在巴彦淖尔市一次局地大暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：（1）在降水前期,位于贝湖脊下深厚的“高压盖”将500hPa西南水汽和700hPa东南水汽拦截在河套南部,为暴雨产生聚集了水汽;（2）从孟加拉湾经四川伸向巴彦淖尔市的高能、高湿舌,为暴。雨形成输送了潜在的不稳定能量;（3）西伸副高与东移的贝湖高压脊叠加建立的东高西低环流背景,为强降水在暴雨区滞留起到了阻挡作用：（4）500hPa西来小槽推开“高压盖”后产生的辐合上升区和700hPa切变线叠加后,与200hPa高空急流出口处左侧辐散槽区在巴彦淖尔市上空叠置,是形成暴雨的动力抬升条件,也是产生本次暴雨的触发机制。高、中、低层中、小尺度切变、辐散、辐合流场垂直叠置,高能、高湿、强辐合、强上升区同时具备,是本次暴雨的预报着眼点。  相似文献   

2009年6月3日商丘市强飑线过程分析     

张怡  徐凤梅  汤新海  李百祥  康邵钧  杨君建  农国傲  朱博 《河南气象》2009,(3)

利用商丘新一代天气雷达(CINRAD/SB)观测资料,以及MICAPS资料和自动气象站观测资料,对2009年6月3日发生在商丘的一次以大风为主,并伴有降水、雷电发生的强飑线天气过程进行了分析。分析表明:地面辐合线是这次强对流和飑线天气过程的触发机制。高空冷涡后部冷空气南下,近地层为暖中心,形成了上冷下暖的位势不稳定层结;风力突增、气压涌升、气温骤降、湿度猛升等气象要素变化符合飑线特征。飑线最大回波强度达69 dBz,最大负径向速度值达-37 m/s,强回波区呈"厂"字形,位于回波区前沿,移动速度快,并具有径向风速辐合等特征。径向速度场上表现为高层负径向速度中心值的迅速减小和低层负径向速度中心值的快速增大。  相似文献