An In-Situ Study on the Influence of Ascidian Suspension Feeding on the Subtidal Nepheloid Layer in the Northern Adriatic Sea     

Mark G. J. Hartl  & Jörg A. Ott 《Marine Ecology》1999,20(3-4):359-372

Abstract. In order to evaluate the effect of epibenthic suspension-feeding organisms on nepheloid-layer processes, a novel flow-through 'Benthic Ecosystem Tunnel' was used on sublittoral marine sediment substrate. Our test organism was the ascidian Microcosmus sulcatus . Particle and chlorophyll a reduction were recorded. The correlation of seasonal fluctuations of chlorophyll a concentrations with chlorophyll a reduction by M. sulcatus indicates the potential for Microcosmus to control local phytoplankton input to the subtidal nepheloid layer. However, the relatively low density of Microcosmus at the study site, the nature of the sediment surface and the susceptibility of ascidians to high turbidity ( i.e. , high sedimentation rates of total particular matter (TPM) causing frequent periods of siphon closure and inactivity) makes it unlikely that M. sulcatus is an important element controlling the composition of the nepheloid layer on a large scale.  相似文献   

锦屏Ⅱ水电站辅助洞岩爆灾害评价及对策研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

章奇锋  周春宏  周辉  张凯 《岩土力学》2009,30(Z2):422-426

锦屏Ⅱ水电站辅助洞是典型的深埋隧洞,高应力条件下的岩爆灾害一直是设计和施工阶段面临的主要问题之一。通过统计辅助洞开挖过程中岩爆的基本规律,结合地应力和典型岩层的室内岩石力学试验,采用不同的岩爆评价指标对辅助洞的岩爆危险性进行了评价分析。并针对辅助洞工程的实际情况,讨论了施工过程中岩爆防治的措施,提出相应的岩爆控制对策,为锦屏Ⅱ水电站正在施工的4条深埋长大引水隧洞中岩爆的预测和防治提供了重要的基础性数据和借鉴,并可为现场施工提供指导  相似文献   

邻近开挖对既有软土隧道的影响   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

张治国  黄茂松  王卫东 《岩土力学》2009,30(5):1373-1380

采用两阶段分析方法,提出了邻近开挖对既有软土隧道纵向受力变形影响的简化计算方法。针对软土隧道开挖情况,第1阶段采用Loganathan和Poulos提出的解析解计算开挖引起的土体自由位移场;针对基坑开挖情况,第1阶段根据Mindlin理论解计算邻近荷载作用引起隧道的附加应力;第2阶段基于Winkler地基模型将既有隧道视为弹性地基无限长梁,将土体自由位移或附加应力施加于隧道,并建立求解该问题的纵向变形方程,从而得到隧道纵向位移和内力的计算表达式。结合离心模型试验结果和工程实例进行分析,验证了方法的有效性。研究成果可为合理制定邻近施工对软土隧道的保护措施提供依据。  相似文献   

Experimental study on the hydrodynamic forces induced by a twin-propeller ferry during berthing     

Teresa Abramowicz-Gerigk   《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(3-4):323-332

The paper presents the experimental study on the influence of wall effect on the hydrodynamic forces induced by the propellers and thrusters of a ferry during the berthing. The program of the model tests was developed for the twin-propeller, twin-rudder, man-manned model of a car–passenger ferry in 1:16 scale, equipped with two bow thrusters. The different combinations of the operational settings of bow thrusters and propellers operating in the push–pull mode allowed to observe and quantify the variation of the hydrodynamic forces due to the changes of the water depth to draft ratios and distances to the quay. The results of model tests are introduced and discussed in the paper. The difference between the measured total hydrodynamic force and superposition of the component forces induced by the propellers and thrusters has been investigated. According to the structure of the generally accepted modular manoeuvring model, the proposition of the weight factors for the component forces comprising the interaction effects has been introduced and discussed.  相似文献   

Effects of tunnelling on existing support systems of perpendicularly crossing tunnels     

H.Y. Liu  J.C. Small  J.P. Carter  D.J. Williams 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009

The interactions between perpendicularly crossing tunnels in the Sydney region are investigated using a full three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis coupled with elasto-plastic material models. Special attention is paid to the effect of subsequent tunnelling on the support system, i.e. the shotcrete lining and rock bolts, of the existing tunnel. The results of the analysis show that in a region such as Sydney, with relatively high horizontal stresses, installation of the new tunnel causes the shotcrete lining of the existing tunnel to be in tension in the side facing towards the tunnel opening and in compression at the crown and invert. The pre-stressed rock bolts are usually tensioned more in the sections closest to the tunnel opening. For this particular study, if a new tunnel is driven perpendicularly beneath an existing tunnel, significant increases are induced in the bending moments in the shotcrete lining at the lateral sides of the existing tunnel and in the axial forces at its crown and invert. The increase in side bending moments causes further tensile cracking but the crown and invert stresses remain within the thresholds for both compressive failure and tensile cracking for shotcrete lining of typical concrete quality. Moreover, the driving of the new tunnel causes the tensile forces in the existing side rock bolts to increase and those in the existing crown rock bolts to decrease. In contrast, if the new tunnel is driven perpendicularly above the existing tunnel, compressive failure of the existing shotcrete lining is induced at the crown of the deeper tunnel for concrete of typical capacity and a significant tensile force increase of the existing rock bolts around the crown. It is concluded that in order to ensure the stability of the existing tunnel, local thickening is needed at the sides of the existing shotcrete lining if the shallow tunnel is installed first and local thickening is needed at the crown if the deep tunnel is installed first.  相似文献   

Pile responses to side-by-side twin tunnelling in stiff clay: Effects of different tunnel depths relative to pile     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

In densely built areas, the development of underground transportation systems often involves twin tunnels, which are sometimes unavoidably constructed adjacent to existing piled foundations. Because soil stiffness degrades with induced stress release and shear strain during tunnelling, it is vital to investigate the pile responses to subsequent tunnels after the first tunnel in a twin-tunnel transportation system. To gain new insights into single pile responses to side-by-side twin tunnelling in saturated stiff clay, a three-dimensional coupled-consolidation numerical parametric study is carried out. An advanced hypoplasticity (clay) constitutive model with small-strain stiffness is adopted. The effects of each tunnel depth relative to pile are investigated by simulating the twin tunnels either near the mid-depth of the pile shaft or adjacent to or below the pile toe. The model parameters are calibrated against centrifuge test results in stiff clay reported in literature. It is found the second tunnelling in each case resulted in larger settlement than that due to the first tunnelling with a maximum percentage difference of 175% in the case of twin tunnelling near the mid-depth of the shaft. This is because of the degradation of clay stiffness around the pile during the first tunnelling. Conversely, the first tunnelling-induced bending moment was reduced substantially during the second tunnelling. The most critical location of twin tunnels relative to the pile was found to be the tunnels below the pile toe. This is because the entire pile was located within the major influence zone of the twin tunnelling. Two distinct load transfer mechanisms can be identified in the pile, namely downward load transfer in case of tunnels near mid-depth of the pile shaft and next to the pile toe and upward load transfer in case of twin-tunnelling below the pile toe. These two transfer mechanisms can be useful for practitioner to assess the pile performance due to twin tunnelling.  相似文献   

A series solution for surface motion amplification due to underground twin tunnels: incident SV waves   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

梁建文  张浩  Vincent W Lee 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2003,2(2):289-298

A series solution of displacement response of the ground surface in the presence of underground twin tunnels subjectcd to excitation of incident plane SV waves is derived by using Fourier-Bessel series expansion method. The numerical parametric study shows that underground twin tunnels significantly amplify the nearby surface ground motion. It is suggested that the effect of subways on ground motion should be considered when the subways are planned and designed.  相似文献   

The ordered creation of paramagnetic defects at plastic deformation of natural diamonds     

R. M. Mineeva  A. V. Speransky  S. V. Titkov  N. G. Zudin 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2007,34(2):53-58

The EPR-study showed that natural purple diamonds from kimberlites of Eastern Siberia (Russia) contain well known P1, P2 (in some samples), W7, and N2 centers. The EPR spectra of these centers were typical of plastically deformed diamond single crystals. Besides, several intense additional spectra of di-nitrogen centers were observed in purple diamonds. The angular dependence analysis of these spectra showed that they can be attributed to known M2 centers. Comparison of principal axis directions observed for sites of the M2 center in purple diamond crystals with theoretically predicted directions in the twin crystal revealed that these centers are allocated exclusively to the twinned lamellae. Unusual phenomenon of the ordered distribution of paramagnetic centers in natural purple diamonds confirmed that the plastic deformation in natural diamonds can be induced not only by the slip of dislocations but also by the mechanical twinning.  相似文献   

小净距公路(双洞)隧道围岩破坏模式研究     

曹林  胡居义  黎冬林 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2007,18(3):65-69

我国是一个多山的国家。随着高速公路的迅猛发展,在山丘区修筑高速公路,由于线路及地形的限制,必然伴随着大量公路隧道的出现。小净距隧道是目前公路隧道中最常见的一种型式。在我国目前还处于研究和发展阶段。论文在现有单洞隧道围岩破坏模式分析的基础上,开展了小净距双洞公路隧道围岩破坏模式的研究。通过文献综述、现场量测以及数值分析成果,归纳总结了小净距隧道的5种典型破坏模式:挤压破坏、拉伸破坏、中夹岩柱剪切破坏、爆破震动破坏及复合型破坏。针对不同的破坏模式。论文详细阐述其破坏规律和特点,以便在设计中人们能够事先知道其薄弱环节,在施工时能够及时采取有效的处理措施,从而确保整个隧道施工和运营的安全。  相似文献   

综合地球物理测井在铁路隧道勘查中的应用     

袁志亮  高文利  吴治平 《物探化探计算技术》2007,29(4):334-338

综合地球物理测井通过测量钻孔中地层岩石物理性质的变化,从而获得地层丰富的物性和位场信息。这里阐述了某铁路隧道钻孔的综合地球物理测井勘查效果,该方法已经成为一种行之有效的水文和工程地质勘查手段。  相似文献