Optimal Underground Extraction of Coal at Shallow Cover Beneath Surface/Subsurface Objects: Indian Practices     

Rajendra Singh  P. K. Mandal  A. K. Singh  R. Kumar  A. Sinha 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2008,41(3):421-444

Summary  Considering ground instability problems of underground coal mines at shallow covers, this paper reviews and describes problems of optimal extraction of coal stuck below surface/subsurface constraints at Indian coal fields. Importance of thickness and quality of inter-burden between the working horizon and surface/subsurface constraints is discussed from a ground movement point of view during optimisation of coal recovery by underground mining beneath the constraints. A CIMFR, formerly CMRI idea, known as Wide Stall Method, was found suitable to overcome the limitations of non-effective-width based optimisation of recovery of coal, trapped in pillars below surface/subsurface objects, at shallow cover. The involved rock mechanics concept and three successful field trials of the Wide Stall Method under three different geo-mining conditions of the country are also briefly given in this paper. Author’s address: Rajendra Singh, Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR, formerly CMRI), Barwa Road, Dhanbad, 826001 Jharkhand, India  相似文献   

Assessment and Control of Ore Dilution in Long Hole Mining: Case Studies     

John G. Henning  Hani S. Mitri 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2008,26(4):349-366

Unplanned ore dilution has a direct and large influence on the cost of a stope, and ultimately on the profitability of a mining operation. This paper presents the results of an examination of factors influencing ore dilution in a blasthole stoping environment. For the study, a comprehensive database was established, incorporating information related to the design, construction, excavation and cavity surveys of 172 sequentially mined long hole stope case histories from two orezones. Through a review of the case studies, it was demonstrated that, in addition to stope dimension, the amount of unplanned dilution differed according to stope type. Five stope types were identified, based on their position within a tabular blasthole mining sequence. Measured overbreak varies with stope type, with secondary stopes generating a greater volume of hanging-wall dilution than do primary stopes. Furthermore, a case study is presented to demonstrate the role cablebolts installed in the stope hanging-wall play to control ore dilution. The study illustrates relationships between measured hanging-wall overbreak, cablebolt orientation and stope type.  相似文献   

广西都安地下河地质公园喀斯特景观特征 及其形成演化     

韦跃龙  陈伟海  罗劬侃 《热带地理》2018,38(1):34-47

在对都安地下河公园区域地质背景及喀斯特景观特征进行分析和研究的基础上,系统探讨了都安喀斯特及地苏地下河系、都安天窗群、峰丛峰林等典型喀斯特景观的形成演化过程,认为都安喀斯特正处于地下和地表喀斯特彼此制约,却又相互协调、同步共生的特殊发育时期;揭示了古近纪以来,暂时性地表流水、地表河等各种地表流水与地下河间,历经独立、袭夺、改道、相连等阶段,对应地下与地表喀斯特间,由地表地下各向分散独立成景→地表地下各向单一网络式成景→地表地下统一网络式成景,并逐渐形成彼此对应喀斯特景观的演化序列和过程。其中,地表喀斯特作用,由强→弱,由主角→配角,并从西北侧至东南侧逐渐演化、分异,形成高峰丛深洼地→中峰丛洼地→低峰丛洼地→高峰林谷地→低峰林谷地5种不同且依次过渡的地表喀斯特地貌;地下喀斯特作用,则由弱→强,配角→主角,逐渐形成庞大、复杂的地下河喀斯特地貌——地苏地下河系;地下与地表间,由彼此独立→整体相互制约、协同共生,并形成由500多个天窗组成的天窗群。因此,公园既是全球展现地下河喀斯特景观美景的杰出代表地之一,又是全球地下河喀斯特地貌演化的杰出范例,还是展示地下与地表喀斯间彼此制约,却又协同共生发育的典型参照地。  相似文献   

热水井开采对怀来台流体动态的影响分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

宋晓冰  李海孝  张常慧  车用太  刘成龙  刘五洲 《地震》2004,24(2):73-80

对河北省怀来县后郝窑地热田热水井开采的情况进行了调查。 并分析了热水井开采对怀4与怀3二口井水位、 水温、 流量、 氡与汞动态的影响, 结果证明同层热水井开采对地震地下流体动态的影响是严重的。 这种影响在多年、 年、 月、 日等不同频带的各种测项的动态中和模拟与数字化不同观测方式中都有所表现, 而且开采结束之后还存在一个多月的影响时间。  相似文献   

桂林地区岩溶水中Ba元素的水文地球化学特征   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

宁霞  王增银  杨建成 《中国岩溶》2004,23(4):317-321

钡是岩石圈上部最丰富的微量元素之一,与镁、钙、锶同属碱土金属族元素,它们的化学性质比较接近,但在不同的岩石中它们的含量却有显著区别,所以不同类型岩溶水Ba2+含量有较大差别。对桂林地区不同类型岩溶水Ba2+含量分析,可以发现如下一些特点: 桂林地区各种岩溶水中的Ba2+浓度普遍不高,其浓度介于4. 08× 10- 6～ 28. 12× 10- 6 g /l之间。Ba2+ 浓度随着Sr2+和Ca2+浓度增大而减小,随着Mg2+浓度增大而增大。不同岩层地下水的Ba2+浓度有明显差别,灰岩表层岩溶带水中Ba2+浓度明显低于白云岩表层岩溶带水中的Ba2+浓度;三条地下河中,毛村地下河的Ba2+浓度最高,其次为浪石地下河,最后是丫吉地下河。可见,钡在河水中的含量与其补给径流区的岩石组分有关,是较好的天然示踪剂。   相似文献   

金州台水准观测的地下水影响改正研究     

葛彦增  尚贵佳  崔雪莲  王铁 《地震》2005,25(3):78-84

对于受地下水影响显著的金州台WN向水准观测资料, 在使用时需要进行干扰排除。 具体做法是, 根据地下水对普通基岩标志作用机理和套管标志的埋设情况, 先对地下水位的数据进行变换、 对有关参数进行确定, 然后推导出地下水对西点标志影响量的计算公式并求解, 最后在WN向水准观测高差中将其排除。 算例和分析表明, 该方法较好地解释了地下水对金州台水准观测不同阶段的不同影响原因, 并且是定量排除地下水干扰的一种比较好的方法。 它能较好地提取水准观测高差中的异常信息, 提高了水准观测资料在地震预测预报中的使用价值。  相似文献   

基于ANN模型重塑岩溶地下河系统流量数据可行性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

程庭  陈植华  时坚  卢小慧 《中国岩溶》2006,25(2):121-125

西南岩溶地区地下河系统的多层次和多级性特征,决定了其输入因子与响应因子之间为非线性关系,传统的统计方法在揭示此类关系时效果欠佳,而人工神经网络模型( Artificial Neural Ne two rk—— ANN)正好弥补了此项不足,其在原理和构模上均表现出与岩溶地下河系统十分相似的特点。通过对广西地苏地下河系统水量数据的重塑发现, ANN模型重塑的效果明显优于传统的回归分析法,证明了运用ANN模型重塑岩溶地下河系统流量数据是完全可行的。   相似文献   

Solid-liquid Equilibria for the System KBr–K2SO4–H2O at 348 K     

SANG Shihu  CUI Ruizhi  WANG Pan  ZHANG kaijie 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):366-366

正1 Introduction The underground brine resources distributing widely in Sichuan Basin,China have drawn worldwide attention due to their unusual element abundance and excellent quality.  相似文献   

个旧矿区水文地质现状及地下水保护与利用     

彭必建  李四堂 《云南地质》2014,(4):594-600

云南省个旧大型锡多金属矿山,矿区面积大,几百年来的采矿活动导致矿区水文地质环境遭受强力改造,地下水补给、迳流、排泄条件明显变异,分水岭迁移,甚至造成局部污染.针对矿区目前的水文地质现状,建议开展水文地质调查与监测,采取措施,既加强地下水保护,也充分提高水资源利用率.  相似文献   

Optimizing dewatering design for a metro station on the Chengdu Metro Line 7     

LI Ke  KANG Xiao-bing 《地下水科学与工程》2014,7(2):155-164

At present, most calculation results regarding foundation pit dewatering are ideal values, making construction resources prone to being wasted. In order to optimize the traditional pipe well design of large wells, the linear programming solution module in Excel is used, with the total water inflow taken as the objective function, the water level drawdown used as the constraint and test condition, and a station project on the Chengdu Metro Line 7 serving as the subject of this study. The total water inflow of the traditional pipe well design is optimized by the simplex method, producing a total water inflow of 4 040.65 m3/d, which, compared with 4 829.79 m3/d, the total water inflow calculated by means of the traditional design optimization method, engenders a reduction of roughly 16% per day. The feasibility of the optimization methodology is verified by the drawdown constraint, which reveals the decrease of construction costs and the diminution of the influence that the lowered groundwater level has on the surroundings of the metro station. Finally, references are provided as to optimizing the dewatering designs for other metro stations in similar engineering and hydrogeological conditions.  相似文献