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101.
102.
变质火山岩、火山碎屑岩的绿片岩相成岩格子可用阳起石—黑云母—方解石—绿泥石—绿帘石—白云母六相三元系和钠长石—阳起石—黑云母—方解石—绿泥石—绿帘石六相三元系成岩格子来表示,石英往往为过剩组分。在只讨论两个强度相同的变量前提下,每个六相三元系的成岩格子都只可能有一对成对的成岩格子,且这对成岩格子的非封闭双变区的分区相同、分区之间的边界斜率相同、相应的单变线的排列顺序也相同,因此,六相三元系的每个成岩格子中的不变点数、单变线数、和双变区数之间的关系可用数学式来表示。 相似文献
103.
Multiple-point simulation, as opposed to simulation one point at a time, operates at the pattern level using a priori structural information. To reduce the dimensionality of the space of patterns we propose a multi-point filtersim algorithm that classifies structural patterns using selected filter statistics. The pattern filter statistics are specific linear combinations of pattern pixel values that represent directional mean, gradient, and curvature properties. Simulation proceeds by sampling from pattern classes selected by conditioning data. 相似文献
104.
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106.
Sébastien Blaise Eric Deleersnijder Laurent White Jean-François Remacle 《Continental Shelf Research》2007
A three-dimensional finite-element model is used to investigate the tidal flow around Rattray Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Field measurements and visual observations show both stable eddies developing at rising and falling tide in the wake of the island. The water turbidity suggests intense upwelling able to carry bed sediments upwards. Based on previous numerical studies, it remains unclear at this point whether the most intense upwelling occurs near the centre of the eddies or off the island's tips, closer to the island. All these studies resorted to a very simple turbulence closure, with a zero-equation model whereby the coefficient of vertical viscosity is computed via an algebraic expression. In this work, we aim at studying the influence of the turbulence closure on model results, with emphasis on the prediction of vertical motions. The Mellor and Yamada level 2.5 closure scheme is used and an increase in the intensity of vertical transport is observed. This increase is partly explained by the fact that the Mellor and Yamada model takes into account the hysteresis effect in the time variation of turbulence variables. The influence of the advection of turbulence variables is estimated to be negligible. By a better representation of transient coastal phenomena, the Mellor and Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure improves the model to a significant degree. 相似文献
107.
A novel methodology for the solution of the 2D shallow water equations is proposed. The algorithm is based on a fractional step decomposition of the original system in (1) a convective prediction, (2) a convective correction, and (3) a diffusive correction step. The convective components are solved using a Marching in Space and Time (MAST) procedure, that solves a sequence of small ODEs systems, one for each computational cell, ordered according to the cell value of a scalar approximated potential. The scalar potential is sought after computing first the minimum of a functional via the solution of a large linear system and then refining locally the optimum search. Model results are compared with the experimental data of two laboratory tests and with the results of other simulations carried out for the same tests by different authors. A comparison with the analytical solution of the oblique jump test has been also considered. Numerical results of the proposed scheme are in good agreement with measured data, as well as with analytical and higher order approximation methods results. The growth of the CPU time versus the cell number is investigated successively refining the elements of an initially coarse mesh. The CPU specific time, per element and per time step, is found out to be almost constant and no evidence of Courant–Friedrichs–Levi (CFL) number limitation has been detected in all the numerical experiments. 相似文献
108.
针对全球离散格网依据剖分方法和投影方式的不同,在实现方式、剖分速度、格网均匀性等方面呈现出较大差异的问题,该文顾及移动终端用户对高精度位置应用日益增长的需求,以及顾及移动终端计算性能较低的特点,分析了球面格网生成方法、格网向椭球面投影方式和几何变形特点。通过分析椭球面格网与球面格网间变形差异,该文认为球面格网代替椭球面格网在一定程度上能够满足不同精度的格网剖分需求。通过建立用户精度指标与剖分层次对应关系,提高了格网剖分的计算效率,可应用于移动终端等计算性能较低的设备。 相似文献
109.
We evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of six publicly available global bathymetry grids: DBDB2 (Digital Bathymetric Data
Base; an ongoing project of the Naval Research Laboratory), ETOPO2 (Earth Topography; National Geophysical Data Center, 2001,
ETOPO2 Global 2’ Elevations [CD-ROM]. Boulder, Colorado, USA: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration), GEBCO (General Bathymetric Charts of the Oceans; British Oceanographic Data Centre, 2003, Centenary Edition
of the GEBCO Digital Atlas [CD-ROM] Published on behalf of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the International
Hydrographic Organization Liverpool, UK), GINA (Geographic Information Network of Alaska; Lindquist et al., 2004), Smith and
Sandwell (1997), and S2004 (Smith, unpublished). The Smith and Sandwell grid, derived from satellite altimetry and ship data
combined, provides high resolution mapping of the seafloor, even in remote regions. DBDB2, ETOPO2, GINA, and S2004 merge additional
datasets with the Smith and Sandwell grid; but moving from a pixel to grid registration attenuates short wavelengths (<20
km) in the ETOPO2 and DBDB2 solutions. Short wavelengths in the GINA grid are also attenuated, but the cause is not known.
ETOPO2 anomalies are offset to the northeast, due to a misregistration in both latitude and longitude. The GEBCO grid is interpolated
from 500 m contours that were digitized from paper charts at 1:10 million scale, so it is artificially smooth; yet new efforts
have captured additional information from shallow water contours on navigational charts. The S2004 grid merges the Smith and
Sandwell grid with GEBCO over shallow depths and polar regions, and so is intended to capture the best of both products. Our
evaluation makes the choice of which bathymetry grid to use a more informed one.
The U.S. government right to retain a non-exclusive royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
110.
Gian Mario BeltramiRiccardo Briganti 《Ocean Engineering》2003,30(7):833-853
This paper presents a simple and straightforward method for carrying out the direct numerical solution of the eigenvalue problem associated to the homogeneous linear shallow-water equations expressed using orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, when ‘adiabatic’ boundary conditions apply. These equations, together with the boundary conditions, define a self-adjoint problem in the continuum. The method presented here, which is thought for calculating the 2-D theoretical gravity modes of both natural and artificial basins, relies on a change of basis of the dependent variable vector. This preliminary transformation makes it, in fact, possible to formulate two different numerical approaches which guarantee the self-adjoint property of the discrete form of the system consisting of the governing equations and the boundary conditions. The method is tested using a square and a fully circular domain, both of which allow comparisons with well-known analytical and numerical solutions. Discretizing the physical domain of a fully circular basin by a cylindrical coordinate grid makes it possible to show the actual efficiency of the method in calculating the theoretical gravity modes of basins discretized by a boundary-following coordinate grid which allows laterally variable resolution. 相似文献