四边形法绘制水下河床等深线图     

闻道秋 《测绘工程》1999,8(3):21-25

根据水下河床水深点测量采样的既有规则格网法又有三角形法二者优点的四边形法绘制河床等深线图,该法数据结构简单,编程方便,速度快。文 图表对水下对河床水深点的数据数据结构,四边形的构万能主等深线的追踪作了详细的讨论。  相似文献   

长江流域矿产资源特征及成矿规律     

王岩  王登红  黄凡 《地质学报》2022,96(5):1724-1735

长江流域分布着我国很多重要的矿产资源基地。在长江流域不搞大开发的前提下，如何合理地开发利用矿产资源以保障国家的能源资源安全，同时又要保护生态环境，达到人类与环境和谐共赢的目的，是当前迫切需要研究的新课题。本文系统梳理了长江流域已发现的128种矿产、14683处矿产地信息，总结了长江流域矿产资源分布特征，系统分析了长江领域矿产资源的时空演化规律。长江流域矿产种类较齐全，能源矿产总体不发育但页岩气有潜力，金属矿产以铁、有色金属为主，矿物类和岩石类非金属矿产都比较发育，水气矿产潜力很大。时间上，成矿历史悠久，按构造演化时段，可分为太古宙、元古宙、晚古生代、早古生代、中生代、新生代6个时段，以中生代和晚古生代为主要成矿期；空间上，可划分八大资源集中区，上游矿产地数量较多，但下游成矿密度更大。只要合理布局，科学谋划，加强法制，严格管控，通过矿产资源的高端开发利用，不但可以为社会经济的高质量发展提供资源保障，也可以为环境保护作出新的贡献。  相似文献   

Present recharge of an aquifer in a semi-arid region: an example from the Turonian limestones of the Errachidia basin, Morocco     

A. El Ouali  J. Mudry  J. Mania  P. Chauve  N. Elyamine  M. Marzouk 《Environmental Geology》1999,38(2):171-176

 The Errachidia basin is composed of three superposed aquifers (Senonian, Turonian limestones and Infracenomanian). The Liassic limestone of the upper Atlas borders the northern part of the basin. The piezometric map of the Turonian aquifer displays a north-south flow, with an inflow area from the Atlas. This recharge hypothesis is demontrated by a discriminant analysis performed on chemical data: the majority of the spots are of sodium choride and hydrogenocarbonate types, while several boreholes are assigned to a calcium hydrogenocarbonate type Jurassic component. ¹⁸O measurements, using the Atlasic gradient δ¹⁸O=–4.18–0.0027 x elevation to estimate the recharge areas, confirm that the recharge area is the basin itself (<1100 m) on the Turonian outcrops, while in the confined part, the Turonian is recharged higher than 1400 m (corresponding to the Atlas). This contribution ranges from 56 to 85%, according to the situation versus the piezometric inflow area. The remainder represents infiltration and vertical leakage from the Senonian layers.  相似文献   

A two-stage time series model for monthly hydrological projections under climate change in the Lim River basin (southeast Europe)     

Milan Stojković  Jasna Plavšić  Stevan Prohaska  Dragutin Pavlović  Jovan Despotović 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(3):387-400

ABSTRACT

Climate change projections of precipitation and temperature suggest that Serbia could be one of the most affected regions in southeastern Europe. To prepare adaptation measures, the impact of climate changes on water resources needs to be assessed. Pilot research is carried out for the Lim River basin, in southeastern Europe, to predict monthly flows under different climate scenarios. For estimation of future water availability, an alternative approach of developing a deterministic-stochastic time series model is chosen. The proposed two-stage time series model consists of several components: trend, long-term periodicity, seasonality and the stochastic component. The latter is based on a transfer function model with two input variables, precipitation and temperature, as climatic drivers. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency for the observed period 1950–2012 is 0.829. The model is applied for the long-term hydrological prediction under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) emissions scenarios for the future time frame 2013–2070.  相似文献   

Impacts of droughts on low flows and water quality near power stations     

Gianbattista Bussi  Paul G. Whitehead 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(6):898-913

ABSTRACT

Power plants often use river waters for cooling purposes and can be sensitive to droughts and low flows. Water quality is also a concern, due to algal blooms and sediment loads that might clog filters. We assessed the impacts of droughts on river flow and water quality from the point of view of power plant operation. The INCA (INtegrated CAtchment) water quality model was coupled with a climate model to create a dataset of flow and water quality time series, using the River Trent (UK) as a case study. The result hints to a significant decrease in flows and an increase in phosphorus concentrations, potentially enhancing algal production. Power plants should expect more stress in the future based on the results of this study, due to reduced cooling water availability and decreasing upstream water quality. This issue might have serious consequences also on the whole national power network.  相似文献   

Comparing performance indicators to characterize the water supply to the demands of the Guadiana River basin (Spain)     

Carla Palop-Donat  Javier Paredes-Arquiola  Abel Solera  Joaquín Andreu 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(7):1060-1074

ABSTRACT

Water indicators and indices are useful tools to assess river basin performance, that is, to measure whether the basin operates satisfactorily under a wide range of possible future demands and hydrological conditions. Spanish regulations assess the performance of water demands by using reliability indicators (RIs), established by law in 2008. This article raises the possibility of updating RIs by comparing them with sustainability indicators (SIs). SIs are widely used for the assessment of river basin performance and several policy scenarios. We applied a water allocation model to the Guadiana River basin in Spain to compare indicators under three scenarios. The study was framed within the science of socio-hydrology, combining the physical environment of a water system with its influence on social aspects. SIs gave better results than RIs when comparing future scenarios. We also propose the introduction of a vulnerability indicator into Spanish regulations.  相似文献   

Application of Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) at different temporal scales to reduce the uncertainty level in modelled river flows     

Ragab Ragab  Alexandra Kaelin  Muhammad Afzal  Ioanna Panagea 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(11):1856-1871

ABSTRACT

In this study, the distributed catchment-scale model, DiCaSM, was applied on five catchments across the UK. Given its importance, river flow was selected to study the uncertainty in streamflow prediction using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methodology at different timescales (daily, monthly, seasonal and annual). The uncertainty analysis showed that the observed river flows were within the predicted bounds/envelope of 5% and 95% percentiles. These predicted river flow bounds contained most of the observed river flows, as expressed by the high containment ratio, CR. In addition to CR, other uncertainty indices – bandwidth B, relative bandwidth RB, degrees of asymmetry S and T, deviation amplitude D, relative deviation amplitude RD and the R factor – also indicated that the predicted river flows have acceptable uncertainty levels. The results show lower uncertainty in predicted river flows when increasing the timescale from daily to monthly to seasonal, with the lowest uncertainty associated with annual flows.  相似文献   

辽中南地区经济发展与资源环境关系   总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4  

佟连军  张明祥 《地理科学》1999,19(6):517-520

分析了辽中南地区资源环境对经济发展的作用和经济发展对资源环境的影响,阐明了区域经济发展与资源环境密不可分的关系,资源环境是经济发展的物质基础,经济发展为促进资源合理开发利用和环境保护创造条件。  相似文献   

1967—2016年黄河上游河曲地区降水变化特征研究     

杨春华  燕振宁  周丹  保广裕 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,14(2):43-49

利用1967~2016年黄河上游河曲地区的5个气象站观测气象站的逐日地面降水和气温资料,利用气候变化趋势分析、距平、Mann-kendall 时间序列突变及趋势检验方法分析了该地区气温变化特征、不同类型各等级降水量及降水日数的气候特征。结果表明：(1)近50年黄河上游河曲地区年均气温以0.459℃/10a趋势显著上升,上升速度低于全国其它地区,且在2002年气温发生突变后升温加剧；(2)年降水量和降水日数呈减少趋势,主要是由夏季小雨量和小雨日数的减少引起；(3)在2002年气温突增后,强降水对总降水量贡献率增加,且年降水量和降水日数波动幅度也明显增大,这可能预示该地区洪涝灾害的风险在增加。降水日数的贡献率增加,增加明显的是中雨日数和小雨日数,分别增加了1.1%和1.7%。  相似文献   

第二松花江流域夏季降水年际增量预测模型研究     

姜忠宝  王秀娟  陈长胜  李尚锋 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,14(5):115-121

利用1980—2016年第二松花江流域（SSR）夏季（6—8月）平均降水量资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均环流场资料、NOAA的月平均海温场资料，采用年际增量预测方法，通过分析与SSR夏季降水年际增量相关的环流及海温，确定了超前12个月内的6个预测因子，包括：11月东亚200hPa纬向风、12月西藏高原-2指数、12月赤道中东太平洋200hPa纬向风、2月印度洋海温、10月西太平洋暖池海温、4月东亚100hPa经向风。在此基础上利用这 6个预测因子，利用1980—2010资料建立SSR夏季降水年际增量的统计预测模型，最后根据年际增量给出SSR夏季降水的预测结果。经检验，1981—2010年，SSR夏季降水年际增量的预测拟合系数是0.83，SSR夏季降水预测结果拟合系数为0.67，SSR夏季降水预测结果相对均方根误差为15%，均通过了显著性检验；对2011—2016年进行试报实验，该模型也很好的预测出降水的年际增量变化趋势，除2014年以外，SSR夏季降水预测结果相对均方根误差绝对值都控制在23%以内，2016年仅为-9.9%。因此，通过预测降水的年际增量，进而再预测降水的方法，具有一定的预测技巧，可作为有效方法投入实际业务应用。  相似文献