月球重力场的确定及构建我国自主月球重力场模型的方案研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李斐  鄢建国 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(1):6-10

对绕月卫星的运动规律以动力学方程的形式进行了描述，并讨论了绕月卫星定轨中动力法和几何法的适用性以及通过定轨观测获取月球重力场模型的计算方式和优化算法’在归纳月球重力场确定的技术流程的基础上。针对月球背面绕月卫星摄动无法观测的困难，分析了目前所能采取的各种处理办法及其特征。结合我国即将发射的“嫦娥卫星”装备有激光测高计这一特点，提出将月球表面地形与月球重力场之间的强相关性作为约束来确定我国自主重力场模型的设想。  相似文献   

Source parameters and stress release of seismic sequences occurred in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (Northeastern Italy) and in Western Slovenia     

Gianni Bressan  Stefano Kravanja  Gianlorenzo Franceschina   《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2007,160(3-4):192-214

The source parameters of the major events of a swarm and of two seismic sequences, occurred in the Friuli area (Northeastern Italy) and in Western Slovenia, were estimated. The Claut swarm (C96) occurred since the end of January to June 1996, with a M_D 4.3 major shock and it appears composed of three sub-sequences. The two sequences are the Kobarid sequence (K98) started on April 12, 1998 with a M_D 5.6 mainshock and the M.te Sernio (S02) sequence caused by the February 14, 2002 earthquake (M_D = 4.9). Acceleration and velocity data recorded by the local seismic network of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimenale (OGS) and corrected for attenuation, were employed to estimate seismic moments and radiated energies. Source dimensions were inferred from the computed corner frequencies and the stress release was estimated from the Brune stress drop, the apparent stress and the RMS stress drop. On the whole, seismic moments range from 1.7 × 10¹² to 1.1 × 10¹⁷ N m, and radiated energies are in the range 10⁶–10¹³ J. Brune stress drops are scattered and do not show any evidence of a self-similarity breakdown for sources down to 130 m radius. The radiated seismic energy scales as a function of seismic moment, with a slope of the scaling relation that decreases for increasing seismic moments.The mechanism of stress release was analyzed by computing the ɛ parameter of Zuniga [Zuniga, R., 1993. Frictional overshoot and partial stress drop. Which one? Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 83, 939–944]. The K98 and S02 sequences are characterized by a wide range of the ɛ parameter with stress drop mechanism varying from partial locking to overshoot cases. The ɛ values of the C96 swarm are more homogeneous and close to the Orowan's condition. The radiated seismic energy and the ratio of stress drop between mainshock and aftershocks appear different among the analyzed cases. We therefore investigated the relationship between the stress parameters of the main shock and the energy radiated by the aftershock sequences. For this purpose, we also estimated the source parameters of two other sequences occurred in the area, with mainshocks of M_D 4.1 and 5.1, respectively. We found a positive correlation between the Brune stress drop of the mainshock and the ratio between the radiated energy of the mainshock and the summation of the energies radiated by the aftershocks.  相似文献   

The effect of mineralogical and cationic heterogeneities on rheological properties of suspensions with Li-smectites, extracted from Volclay MX-80     

Christine Malfoy  Claude Fontaine  Anne Pantet  Philippe Monnet 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2007,339(16):960-969

The rheological study of colloidal suspensions contributes to the understanding of the aggregation phenomena of colloidal particles within a suspended fluid. The infra-2-μm (equivalent diameter) fraction of a bulk material, Volclay MX-80 bentonite was intensively analysed in order to understand the relative rheological data scattering observed with Li-smectite suspensions, prepared with the usual saturation procedure. A good mineralogical characterisation, especially for secondary minerals, coupled to a verification of cation exchanges on clayey fraction allowed us to propose a new way for investigating the observed differences of the bentonites rheological behaviour. Indeed, for a well Li-saturated smectite obtained from the purified infra-2-μm fraction, rheological data proved to be very accurate and perfectly reproducible. This emphasises the role of other minerals as well as the commonly observed discrepancy between the rheological behaviours of natural and industrial bentonites.  相似文献   

Modeling permeability in imperfectly layered porous media. I. Derivation of block-scale permeability tensor for thin grid-blocks     

W. Zijl  J. M. T. Stam 《Mathematical Geology》1992,24(8):865-883

Practical expressions are given for the nine components of the block-scale permeability tensor of a thin block. These expressions are derived from the local-scale continuity equation and Darcy's law in an anisotropic layered porous medium. The flow problem is separated in a bottom-flux problem and a top-flux problem, both of which can be solved in essentially the same way. The bottom-flux problem has been worked out in detail, and has been separated in two parts: a vertical potential difference and a horizontal potential difference part. Each is solved with a different approach specially designed for it. Depth-averaged expressions are obtained first, after which block-scale expressions are obtained by assuming a constant depth-averaged flux. In the zeroth order, this results in the well-known Dupuit approximation in geohydrology, and the vertical equilibrium (VE) approximation in petroleum reservoir engineering. The novelty of the theory presented here stems from the application of a perturbation technique to obtain first-order corrections to these well-known results. The local-scale laws are applied in the coordinate system coinciding with the principal axes of the local-scale permeability tensor. Only in this coordinate system the local-scale permeability tensor has zero off-diagonal components. However, since the porous medium is imperfectly layered, the first-order corrections show that the off-diagonal components of the block-scale permeability tensor are not zero. Furthermore, the block-scale permeability tensor is generally nonsymmetric, which implies that a coordinate system in which the off-diagonal terms disappear does not exist.  相似文献   

2D Monte Carlo versus 2D Fuzzy Monte Carlo health risk assessment   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11  

E. Kentel  M. M. Aral 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2005,19(1):86-96

Risk estimates can be calculated using crisp estimates of the exposure variables (i.e., contaminant concentration, contact rate, exposure frequency and duration, body weight, and averaging time). However, aggregate and cumulative exposure studies require a better understanding of exposure variables and uncertainty and variability associated with them. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) studies use probability distributions for one or more variables of the risk equation in order to quantitatively characterize variability and uncertainty. Two-dimensional Monte Carlo Analysis (2D MCA) is one of the advanced modeling approaches that may be used to conduct PRA studies. In this analysis the variables of the risk equation along with the parameters of these variables (for example mean and standard deviation for a normal distribution) are described in terms of probability density functions (PDFs). A variable described in this way is called a second order random variable. Significant data or considerable insight to uncertainty associated with these variables is necessary to develop the appropriate PDFs for these random parameters. Typically, available data and accuracy and reliability of such data are not sufficient for conducting a reliable 2D MCA. Thus, other theories and computational methods that propagate uncertainty and variability in exposure and health risk assessment are needed. One such theory is possibility analysis based on fuzzy set theory, which allows the utilization of incomplete information (incomplete information includes vague and imprecise information that is not sufficient to generate probability distributions for the parameters of the random variables of the risk equation) together with expert judgment. In this paper, as an alternative to 2D MCA, we are proposing a 2D Fuzzy Monte Carlo Analysis (2D FMCA) to overcome this difficulty. In this approach, instead of describing the parameters of PDFs used in defining the variables of the risk equation as random variables, we describe them as fuzzy numbers. This approach introduces new concepts and risk characterization methods. In this paper we provide a comparison of these two approaches relative to their computational requirements, data requirements and availability. For a hypothetical case, we also provide a comperative interpretation of the results generated.  相似文献   

On Integral Measures Of The Neutral Barotropic Planetary Boundary Layer     

S. S. Zilitinkevich  I. N. Esau 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2002,104(3):371-379

Two types of neutral planetary boundary layer (PBL) are distinguished:truly neutral – developed against a neutrally stratified free flow, and conventionally neutral – developed against a background stable stratification. Atmospheric PBLs treated asneutral are almost always conventionally neutral. Theoretical reasoning and results from large-eddy simulation (LES) show that A and B coefficients of the Rossby-number similarity theory are not constants. The same is true for thecoefficient C_h in the Rossby–Montgomery formula for the neutral boundary-layer depth h = C_hu*/|f|, where u_* is the friction velocity. Contrary to classical ideas, A, B and C_h depend on the ratio _N N/|f| of the free-flow Brunt–V*auml;isäl ä frequency N to the absolute value of the Coriolis parameter |f|. This new development can explain why atmospheric and LES estimates of A, B and C_h appear inconsistent. It results from neglecting the fact that atmospheric data for _N 10² were compared with LES data for _N = 0, violating an obvious requirement of similarity with respect to _N.  相似文献   

Simultaneous optical and ultraviolet observations of variability in HD 50896     

Nicole St-Louis 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,221(1-2):197-214

In this paper, simultaneous optical and ultraviolet observations of spectral variability of the WN5 star HD 50896 are presented. Night-to-night and shorter timescale changes were found in the shape and intensity of most emission lines and P Cygni profiles in both wavelength ranges but there is no clear link between the ultraviolet and optical variability. There are some indications that the ultraviolet variations occur in phase with the well-known 3.766-day period often associated with this star.  相似文献   

Reality of the relation between geological objects and mathematical models     

M. áek  Z. Kivánek 《Mathematical Geology》1991,23(1):41-46

Mathematical models and their targets are considered. The results provide an explanation why the shape of the density distribution function is dependent upon both size of the geological object and number of observations. These results have importance both for preparative and interpretative phases of prospecting.  相似文献   

地矿法制建设的重要成果——祝贺《广西壮族自治区矿产资源管理条例》的颁布施行     

陈维田 《南方国土资源》2001,(1)

文章论述了《广西壮族自治区矿产资源管理条例》是与新的《中华人民共和国矿产资源法》相配套的地方性法规 ,前者是贯彻落实后者的具体主要措施 ,必须认真学习 ,广泛宣传 ,贯彻执行 ,确保矿业经济健康发展  相似文献   

Wind variability in O-type stars     

L. Kaper  H. F. Henrichs 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1994,221(1-2):115-133

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