Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polysaccharides in River Sediments from the Odra Basin after the 1997 Flood     

B. Bierawska  D. G&#x;d  J. B&#x;aejowski  B. Lammek  J. Szafranek  E. Niemirycz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1999,27(5):350-356

Fourteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), six monosaccharides (SA) formed following the hydrolysis of polysaccharides, as well as water and organic matter contents were determined in river sediments sampled in thirteen points in the Odra basin after the catastrophic flood of 1997. The water content is related to the water absorbing capacity of the soil in the Odra catchment area. The PAH content increases together with the increase in the organic matter (OM) content which suggests that these species are mainly of anthropogenic origin. On the other hand, SA and OM contents decrease with increasing water content, which implies that both enhance biological life. The PAH content tends to decrease when the SA content increases. This relation goes hand in hand with the quality of water resources, which is greater when the quantity of polysaccharides is higher.  相似文献   

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in River Sediments of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania – Patterns,Levels, and Regional Distribution     

D. Dannenberger  A. Lerz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1998,26(5):263-271

As a first contribution to the assessment of organic microcontaminants in rivers of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, the patterns, levels, and regional distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons (PCB, HCH, DDT, and HCB) in river sediments were investigated. The sediment sampling was carried out at selected stations in rivers of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (Peene, Uecker, Randow, Zarow, Ziese, Warnow, Elde, and Elbe) in August/September 1996. The chlorinated hydrocarbons were determined by GC/ECD following ultrasonic extraction. Generally, the contents of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the river Warnow and rivers of West Pomerania were at a low level, up to 15 ng/g (given for TOC). In Elde sediments, three to ten times higher contents of CHC were found, due to a higher degree of industrialization in the catchment area. Much higher CHC contents up to a factor of 100 higher than in the river Warnow occurred in Elbe sediments between the towns Dömitz and Boizenburg. A comparison of the CHC contents in river sediments of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania with those in Elbe sediments reflects the difference between rivers with a large and highly industrialized catchment area and much smaller rivers, only affected by agriculture and municipal sewages. The contribution from rivers of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania to the riverine input of organic microcontaminants into the innercoastal waters (boddens, hafts, and sounds) and the adjacent Baltic Sea seems to be low.  相似文献   

Zur Adsorption von Dichlormethan und 1,1,1-Trichlorethan aus Modellabwässern mit Adsorberpolymeren und Aktivkohlen     

A. Wahl  A. Kowalzik  K. Pilchowski 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1998,26(1):36-39

Adsorption of Dichloromethane and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane from Synthetic Wastewaters with Polymeric Adsorbents and Activated Carbons Isotherms, kinetics, and dynamics of adsorption of dichloromethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane from synthetic wastewaters onto novel polymeric adsorbents were investigated in comparison to traditional polymeric adsorbents and activated carbons. The polymeric adsorbents and the activated carbons showed no large differences in adsorption kinetics, whereas the novel, crosslinked polymeric adsorbents exhibited at times higher adsorption capacities than the traditional, not crosslinked polymeric adsorbents and activated carbons.  相似文献   

A new fluid factor and its application using a deep learning approach     

Changcheng Liu  Deva Prasad Ghosh  Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Salim  Weng Sum Chow 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(1):140-149

Amplitude interpretation for hydrocarbon prediction is an important task in the oil and gas industry. Seismic amplitude is dominated by porosity, the volume of clay, pore-filled fluid type and lithology. A few seismic attributes are proposed to predict the existence of hydrocarbon. This paper proposes a new fluid factor by adding a correct item based on the J attribute. The algorithm is verified through stochastic Monte Carlo modelling that contains various rock physical properties of sand and shale. Both gas and oil responses are separated by the new fluid factor. Furthermore, an approach based on the neural network model is trained using the deep learning method to predict the new fluid factor. The confusion matrix shows that this model performs well. This model allows the application of the new fluid factor in the seismic data. In this study, the Marmousi II data set is used to examine the performance of the new fluid factor, and the result is good. Most hydrocarbon reservoirs are identified in the shale–sandstone sequences. The combination of deep learning and the new fluid factor provides a more accurate way for hydrocarbon prediction.  相似文献   

荧蒽与铜对三角褐指藻的单一和联合毒性     

王丽平  郑丙辉  孟伟 《海洋通报》2007,26(4):111-115

在实验室条件下研究了多环芳烃荧蒽和铜对三角褐指藻的单一和联合毒性。结果表明:在本实验所测试的浓度范围内,荧蒽(0~0.315μg/mL)和铜(0~1.262μg/mL)分别对该藻的生长产生了一定的影响,且都呈现较好的剂量-效应关系;其中当荧蒽浓度升高至0.079μg/mL或铜离子浓度升至0.317μg/mL时,开始明显抑制藻种群的增殖。经回归分析求得荧蒽和铜对三角褐指藻的72hEC50分别为(0.103±0.009)μg/mL和(0.531±0.037)μg/mL。在联合毒性实验中,定义0.5×EC50(荧蒽) 0.5×EC50(铜)=1个毒性单位(TU)。荧蒽和铜混合后,对三角褐指藻的72hEC50为(1.093±0.085)TU,其联合毒性效应方式表现为拮抗作用。  相似文献   

Is there a significant diffusive “salt-pump mechanism” for the transport of organic contaminants from the marine environment into fresh water aquifers? A discussion contribution     

M. E. Bridge  D. R. Lloyd 《Environmental Geology》2005,49(2):207-213

We analyse recent claims of an additional risk of diffusive intrusion by marine organic contamination (OC) into coastal aquifers, and discuss the activity-driven “salt-pump mechanism” which is claimed to accelerate this diffusion. The reported accelerations of transport of OC out of saltwater are far too large to be due to activity effects on simple diffusion. There probably is a small acceleration of diffusion out of saltwater, but there is no direct experimental evidence for this. Possible experimental artefacts are suggested. Larger effects on diffusion in the literature are shown to be not relevant to this problem. Diffusion of suspended OC, present in the experiments, is too slow to be significant; however, this suspended material is shown to have serious implications for the proposed interpretation of the results. Until these results are better understood, no conclusions about any possible environmental implications can be drawn from them.

D. R. LloydEmail: Phone: +353-1-6081726Fax: +353-1-6712826

  相似文献   

Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons at low temperature in the presence of the dispersant Corexit 9500   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Lindstrom JE  Braddock JF 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(8):739-747

Our study examined the effects of Corexit 9500 and sediment on microbial mineralization of specific aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons found in crude oil. We also measured gross mineralization of crude oil, dispersed crude oil and dispersant by a marine microbial consortium in the absence of sediment. When provided as carbon sources, our consortium mineralized Corexit 9500 the most rapidly, followed by fresh oil, and finally weathered oil or dispersed oil. However, mineralization in short term assays favored particular components of crude oil (2-methyl-naphthalene > dodecane > phenanthrene > hexadecane > pyrene) and was not affected by addition of nutrients or sediment (high sand, low organic carbon). Adding dispersant inhibited hexadecane and phenanthrene mineralization but did not affect dodecane and 2-methyl-naphthalene mineralization. Thus, the effect of dispersant on biodegradation of a specific hydrocarbon was not predictable by class. The results were consistent for both high and low oiling experiments and for both fresh and weathered oil. Overall, our results indicate that environmental use of Corexit 9500 could result in either increases or decreases in the toxicity of residual oil through selective microbial mineralization of hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

天津市不同土地利用类型土壤中多环芳烃的含量特征   总被引：30，自引：2，他引：28  

王学军  任丽然  戴永宁  陈静  朴秀英  陶澍 《地理研究》2003,22(3):360-366

本文分析了天津不同土地利用类型表层土壤若干多环芳烃组分的含量特征及污染水平。结果显示,城市绿地土壤中多环芳烃的含量最高,污灌农田土壤中一些组分的含量也较高,但多数组分与普通农田、荒地等其他土地利用类型相差不大;在6种土地利用类型中,低环/高环在大部分地区小于1,说明天津地区多环芳烃污染主要以燃烧源为主。芘/苯并(a)芘参数值则反映出市区绿地土壤受交通污染的影响比较大;各种土地利用类型土壤表层均受到了一定程度的多环芳烃污染,其中城市绿地土壤污染程度较为严重  相似文献   

Mineral-forming and diagenetic processes related to Tertiary hydrocarbon seepage at the Bohemian Massif/Outer Western Carpathians interface: Evidence from the Hrabůvka quarry,Moravia, Czech Republic     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

Ancient hydrocarbon seepage occurred in the Hrabůvka quarry at the boundary between the basement of the Bohemian Massif (represented by folded Lower Carboniferous siliciclastics of the Culm facies) and Tertiary sedimentary cover of the Carpathian Foredeep (formed by Lower Badenian siliciclastics and calcareous clays). The unconsolidated Lower Badenian sediments contain lithified domains composed of limestone and breccias with limestone cement, whereas the basement rocks are cut by subvertical neptunic dykes filled up by limestone and calcite-marcasite-pyrite veinlets representing sealed fluid conduits. The deeply negative δ¹³C values of both vein calcite and limestone (down to −38.1‰ V-PDB) indicate that oxidation of hydrocarbons was the major source of carbon for authigenic mineralization. A fluid inclusion study suggests low fluid temperatures (<50 °C) and low and variable salinities of aqueous fluids associated with hydrocarbons (0.7–6.7 wt. % NaCl eq.). The variability of δ¹⁸O values of authigenic carbonates (−1.7 to −8.2‰ V-PDB) could reflect either slight changes in temperature of escaping fluids (mostly within 15 °C), and/or some mixing with meteoric waters. The low δ³⁴S values of vein marcasite (∼–20‰ V-CDT) are consistent with bacterial reduction of sulfate in the hydrothermal system. Low C₁/(C₂+C₃) ratios in hydrocarbon gas extracted from authigenic carbonates (9.9 and 5.8) as well as the high δ¹³C values of methane (−31.8 and −32.4‰ V-PDB) are compatible with a thermogenic source of hydrocarbons. REE data indicate sequestration of REE from finely dispersed detrital material in the apical part of the hydrothermal system. The available data are compatible with two possible scenarios of fluid origin. The hydrocarbons could have been leached from underlying Paleozoic sedimentary sequence by aqueous fluids that infiltrated into the basement after Tertiary tectonic reactivation. Alternatively, an external source of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids can be found in the adjacent Outer Western Carpathians flysch nappes containing petroleum-producing lithologies. Nevertheless, a regional flow of hydrocarbon-bearing fluids is evidenced by the occurrence of very similar hydrocarbon-bearing vein mineralizations in a wider area.  相似文献   

Paleotemperatures and paleofluids recorded in fluid inclusions from calcite veins from the northern flank of the Ponta Grossa dyke swarm: Implications for hydrocarbon generation and migration in the Paraná Basin     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

The Paraná Basin, southern Brazil, has an atypical thermal and fluid history due to the occurrence of an episodic continental flood volcanism during the Early Cretaceous. So far, there are few data about the influence of this volcanic event on the paleotemperatures and paleofluids of the Paraná Basin sedimentary rocks. The Teresina Formation in the northern flank of the Ponta Grossa dyke swarm hosts high concentration of subsurface igneous rock bodies (sills and dykes), besides its covering by a hundreds meter thick volcanic rock cap. In this study, we used fluid inclusion analysis performed in horizontal and vertical calcite veins from the Teresina Formation and from a Late Cretaceous basic dyke to estimate paleotemperatures and to characterize the composition of diagenetic paleofluids. Homogenization temperatures of requilibrated fluid inclusions show that the Teresina Formation reached temperatures above 200 °C. Horizontal parallel bedding calcite veins from the Teresina Formation record low to high salinity (2–26 wt.% NaCl eq.) aqueous paleofluids. The prevalence of high salinity fluid inclusions associated with light hydrocarbon fluid inclusions indicates deep buried fluids. Fluid inclusions in vertical calcite vein from basic dyke comprise only low salinity aqueous fluids (0–3 wt.% eq.NaCl) interpreted as dominated by meteoric water. The recorded paleotemperatures are attributed to the heating by the Paraná volcanic event during the Early Cretaceous, with the thermal effect of the volcanic rock cap surpassing the effect of nearby sills and dykes. Estimated paleotemperatures higher than 200 °C would allow the generation of light liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. Overpressured compartments in the Teresina Formation allowed the expulsion of buried pore fluids (high salinity aqueous fluids and hydrocarbons) to fracture systems, where they mixed with meteoric water. The input of meteoric water through fracture systems connected with the surface favored hydrocarbons degradation in the early stages of source rock maturation during the Early Cretaceous.  相似文献