Toxicity-directed Fractionation of Tannery Wastewater Using Solid-phase Extraction and Luminescence Inhibition in Microtiter Plates     

O. Fiehn  L. Vigelahn  G. Kalnowski  T. Reemtsma  M. Jekel 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1997,25(1):11-16

A four-step solid-phase extraction (SPE) method is presented for toxicity-directed fractionation of industrial wastewater. This fractionation procedure serves as a key step for identifying unknown organic toxicants in complex samples. Toxicity was determined as luminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri using microtiter plates. This method was compared to standard tests in glass cuvettes using both 37 standard chemicals and 24 wastewater fractions with EC₅₀ values covering five orders of magnitude. Results of both methods correlated well. 22 tannery wastewater samples were sequentially extracted using C₁₈e and polystyrene-divinylbenzene phases in combination with pH-changes. Final solid-phase filtrates showed low inhibition, so toxicity of inorganics could be neglected. Using 1/EC₅₀ values, the SPE eluates showed clearly different toxicity patterns. Even in eluates of the fourth extraction step, high toxic effects could be observed. In several cases, luminescence inhibition was increasing at the anaerobic treatment step compared to the corresponding untreated samples. After aerobic treatment, toxicity of most wastewater fractions was greatly diminished. HPLC/DAD analyses of the wastewater fractions showed a fair separation concerning compound polarity. However, the samples were still too complex to identify single compounds responsible for the detected toxicity. Therefore, a further clean-up step accompanied with toxicity testing is needed.  相似文献   

Gewässergütebewertung und Bewertung von Abwasserfahnen in Rhein und Main auf der Basis mikrobieller Enzymaktivitäten     

A. Weßler  K. Dmgen  R. Hryk  U. Obst 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1997,25(1):17-26

Quality Mapping of Surface Water and Assessment of Treated and Untreated Waste-water Inputs into the Rhine and Main River Based on Microbial Enzyme Activities Microbial enzyme activities are used for an extension of the traditional quality mapping of surface water. In the following study, the enzymatic parameters were proved and validated on samples from various creeks and rivers in Baden-Württemberg and on samples gathered from the Rhine and Main Rivers (Germany). The test parameters should also be used for the control and the preservation of the capacity of the biological self-purification, which is the only natural and essential process in drinking-water conditioning of surface water. Main subject of the surveys was the development of criteria for an assessment of the measured enzymatical inhibition effects. Therefore, classes of inhibition and indices of inhibition are defined.  相似文献   

Auswirkung von Schwermetallgemischen auf die biologische Behandlung naphthalinsulfonsäurehaltiger Abwässer     

H. Pack  D. C. Hempel 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1997,25(6):306-310

Effect of Mixtures of Heavy Metals on the Biological Treatment of Sewages Containing Naphthalenesulfonic Acid Biological wastewater treatment processes can be destabilized considerably by heavy metals. In this investigation, the effect of loadings of heavy metals on the degradation of naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid (2NS) by immobilized bacteria in continuously operated airlift-loop reactors was studied. Shock loadings with mixtures of cadmium and nickel, or cadmium and zinc, respectively, resulted in increases in inhibition compared to those observed with the single metals. In contrast, the 2NS-degradation was less inhibited by shock loadings with mixtures of nickel and zinc than by the single metal ions. Repeated shock loadings up to 100 mg L^?1 nickel and 1000 mg L^?1 zinc effected an adaptation of the microorganisms. Continuous loadings with up to 10 mg L^?1 cadmium and nickel each, or with 50 mg L^?1 nickel and 210 mg L^?1 zinc, respectively, did not inhibit the degradation of 2NS. The permanent loadings led to an adaptation of the bacteria with an increased biosynthesis of proteins from 0.2 to 0.5 g g^?1 cell dry weight. However, if the immobilized cells were incubated with mixtures of cadmium and nickel, the specific polysaccharide content decreased to less than 0.2 g g^?1 cell dry weight, resulting in a detachment of the biofilms.  相似文献   

透射电镜技术在好氧污泥颗粒超微结构研究中的应用     

刘晓云  王琳  林跃梅 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(5):817-820

利用透射电镜观察研究SBR反应器中的好氧污泥颗粒。结果显示,不同成熟度的好氧污泥颗粒呈现不同的超微结构特征:成熟度高的污泥颗粒中细菌的微群落化程度高,细菌密度大,颗粒中富含构成细菌之间及微群落之间连接结构的胞外多聚物。而在成熟度低的污泥颗粒中细菌微群落化程度较低,细菌密度相对较小,构成菌间及微群落之间连接的胞外多聚物结构松散或缺失;以电镜钌红染色技术标记好氧污泥颗粒中的多糖,显示了好氧污泥颗粒中多糖的分布与结构特点,为进一步研究污泥颗粒的形成机制、多糖对污泥颗粒稳定性和沉降性能的作用机理提供了形态学依据。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal trends in the benthos and sediments in relation to sewage sludge disposal off the northeast coast of England     

Rees  H. L.; Rowlatt  S. M.; Lambert  M. A.; Lees  R. G.; Limpenny  D. S. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1992,49(1):55-64

  相似文献   

Ecotoxicological evaluation of sewage sludge using bioluminescent marine bacteria and rotifer     

Gyung Soo Park  Sang Hee Lee  Soung Yun Park  Seong Jin Yoon  Seung Min Lee  Chang Soo Chung  Gi -Hoon Hong  Suk Hyun Kim 《Ocean Science Journal》2005,40(2):91-100

Bioassay using the marine bacteria,Vibrio fischeri and rotifer,Brachionus plicatilis, and chemical analyses were conducted to assess the toxicity of the various sewage sludges, one of the major ocean dumped materials in the Yellow Sea of Korea. Sludge elutriates extracted by filtered seawater were used to estimate the ecotoxicity of the sludge. Chemical characterization included the analyses of organic contents, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants in sludge. Bacterial bioluminescent inhibition (15 min), rotifer mortality (24 hr) and rotifer population growth inhibition (48 hr) assay were conducted to estimate the sludge toxicity. EC50 15 min (inhibition concentration of bioluminescence after 15 minutes exposed) values by Microtox® bioassay clearly revealed different toxicity levels depending on the sludge sources. Highest toxicity for the bacteria was found with the sludge extract from dyeing waste and followed by industrial waste, livestock waste, and leather processing waste. Clear toxic effects on the bacteria were not found in the sludge extract from filtration bed sludge and rural sewage sludge. Consistent with Microtox® results, rotifer neonate mortality and population growth inhibition test also showed highest toxicity in dyeing waste and low in filtration bed and rural sewage sludge. High concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals were measured in the samples from the industrial wastes, leather processing plant waste sludge, and urban sewage sludge. However, there was no significant correlation between pollutant concentration levels and the toxicity values of the sludge. This suggests that the ecotoxicity in addition to the chemical analyses of various sludge samples must be estimated before release of potential harmful waste in the natural environment as part of an ecological risk assessment.  相似文献   

Biodegradation of Malachite Green by the Ligninolytic Fungus Aspergillus flavus     

《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2017,45(4)

  相似文献   

重金属离子废水的处理技术进展          下载免费PDF全文

田素燕 《盐湖研究》2012,20(4):67-72

重金属离子废水的排放是造成水污染的主要来源,对经济社会已经造成了很大的危害。综述了重金属离子废水处理的研究现状,对目前重金属离子废水常用的处理方法包括沉淀法、生物法、吸附法、絮凝法、离子交换法等技术进行了介绍和评述,同时展望了重金属离子废水处理的未来发展趋势。  相似文献   

盐度对废水生物处理的影响     

仝致琦  田守祥 《河南气象》2008,31(1):32-34

研究了废水中不同含盐量对生化处理效果以及生物学变化规律的影响。在废水含盐量低于22g／L时,废水生化处理系统对COD的去除率可稳定在70％左右,污泥活性良好;随着进水盐浓度的增加,含盐量达到22g／L时,污泥活性开始受到抑制,COD去除率急剧下降到50％左右;当废水含盐量达到31g／L时,污泥活性明显受到抑制,污泥絮体开始部分解体,COD去除率下降到40％左右。  相似文献   

污水处理厂几种除臭技术的综合比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蒋立荣  王伯铎  熊宇  徐杰峰 《地下水》2010,32(1):105-107

在对国内污水处理厂除臭技术调查的基础上,分析了目前污水处理厂除臭技术存在问题,对常用的几种除臭技术进行了技术经济综合比较;并针对我国除臭技术的研究和发展现状,提出宜采用组合式除臭技术处理污水处理厂的恶臭污染。  相似文献