Development of Tectonic Geomorphology Study Promoted by New Methods in China: A Viewpoint from Reviewing the Tian Shan Researches     

Lü Honghua  Youli Li 《地球科学进展》1986,35(6):594-606

Tectonic Geomorphology is an important branch of Geomorphology. Now the scope of tectonic geomorphology study has covered the interactions between tectonics, climate, surface processes and the influence on geomorphic evolution. The study of tectonic geomorphology in China started at the beginning of the 20th century, developed gradually in the 1950s, and entered a rapid development stage in the new century. Based on the long-term development, the study of tectonic geomorphology in China has formed a relatively complete theoretical and methodological system, and now presents a trend of the continuous intersection and integration with other adjacent disciplines. Now, several books on tectonic geomorphology have been published. The representative book abroad is Tectonic Geomorphology which was edited by Burbank D. W. and Anderson R. S., and was first published in 2001 and reprinted in 2012. In China, the first book on tectonic geomorphology is Active Tectonic Geomorphology which was edited by Yang Jingchun and Li Youli and was first published in 2011.In recent years, the tectonic geomorphology study has been absorbing and integrating the new ideas and new methods of other disciplines, significantly promoting the development of tectonic geomorphology. At the 2019 China Geographic Congress & the 110th anniversary of the establishment of the Chinese Geographical Society, the authors organized the session "Theory, Method and Application of Tectonic Geomorphology", aiming to present the recent progresses of tectonic geomorphology study in China. Later, invited by the editorial office, the authors organized the special column with the same name in the journal Advances in Earth Science. The contents of this column mainly dealt with the classical theoretical problems of geomorphology (the evolution and the controlling mechanism of river terrace, planation surface, and alluvial fan), new methods (such as K-feldspar thermoluminescence thermochronology, detrital zircon U-Pb chronology), and models and numerical simulation of tectonic geomorphology evolution. Because of the limited number of the articles, it was impossible for this column to comprehensively present the recent progresses in the study of tectonic geomorphology in China. Therefore, this paper first briefly reviewed the history of the development of tectonic geomorphology in China and the basic trend of tectonic geomorphology. The authors started the study of neotectonics and tectonic geomorphology in the Tian Shan range and its foreland basins about 15 years ago (exactly in 2002). The main aim of this paper was to explore the contributions of the interdisciplinary and new methods to the development of tectonic geomorphology study, by reviewing the main achievements in the tectonic geomorphology study conducted in the Tian Shan and its foreland basins during the past 20 years. These achievements include the history of uplift and exhumation during the Cenozoic times, the chronology and genesis of the late Cenozoic terrigenous sedimentary sequences in the foreland basins, the characteristics of the late Quaternary active tectonic deformation in the foreland and intermontane basins, the late Quaternary river geomorphology (geomorphic framework, chronology, and cause of formation), and erosion rates of the catchment basins. At the end of this paper, it was pointed out that, two aspects may need more attention in the future tectonic geomorphology study, i.e. the comparative study at different time scales and the better constraint of the formation age of river terrace.  相似文献   

我国新疆发现的砷锶铝石   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张如柏  杨年珍  易爽庭  杜祟良 《矿物学报》1987,(4)

砷锶铝石发现于新疆的含金蚀变带,与之共生的矿物有磁铁矿、石榴子石、锆石和磷灰石等。砷锶铝石为白色,玻璃光泽,比重3.65,摩氏硬度3.1—3.2。折光率值No=1.698,Ne=1.701,一轴晶(-)。文中提供了砷锶铝石的化学成分和X射线粉晶衍射值。  相似文献   

新疆可可托海伟晶岩形成机理的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

张恩世  张文淮  刘伟 《地球科学》1987,(4)

根据流体包裹体研究,获得了某些伟晶岩形成的物理—化学条件参数,特别是在可可托海3号伟晶岩脉中,发现了熔融、熔浆-溶液两类流体包裹体的共存。在此基础上探讨了该区伟晶岩的成岩成矿流体特征、演化过程和成因机制,并取得了新认识.  相似文献   

论新疆北部石炭-二叠纪成煤大地构造     

秦苏保 《大地构造与成矿学》1989,13(3):250-257

研究表明,本区现阶段的构造分区为:天山地洼区,准噶尔地洼区和阿尔泰地洼区,各区演化、发展各具特征,表明地壳演比的不平衡性和差异性,石炭—二叠纪分别处于地槽发展前期和后期,二者无论在沉积环境、古地理条件,还是在构造型式、岩浆活动强度上都存在明显的差异。前期形成的聚煤盆地属海相环境,受近东西、北西西向地槽构造系的控制,火山话动强烈,系典型的优地槽沉积;后期形成的聚煤盆地属海陆交替相、陆相环境,为山间坳陷型盆地,受地槽褶皱山系的控制,以快速升降运动和快速堆积为特色,盆地中沉积了巨厚的磨拉式建造。石炭—二叠纪的沉积环境和构造条件不利于聚煤作用的发生和持续进行,致使海盆边缘和陆盆中未能形成良好的含煤岩系。因此,新疆北部地槽区与华北地合区相反,石炭—二叠纪不是理想的成煤时期,地槽期的海盆和地槽褶皱带期的山间坳陷也不是理想的聚煤盆地,这为该区的大地构造条件所决定。  相似文献   

Geochemistry, Geochronology and Genesis of Gold Mineralization in Nurt of Northern Altay,Xinjiang： A Case Study of the Aketishikan Gold Deposit     

YUANFeng ZHOUTaofa TANLugui LUOXianron YUEShucang 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(2):562-567

Gold deposits such as the Aketishikan, Togetobie, Tasbig-Kokeydlas, Kums and Hongshanzui gold deposits in the Nurt area in Altay of Xinjiang were found in Member 3 rhyolite tufflava, fragmental lava and ignimbrite of the Carboniferous Hongshanzui Group. Trace and rare earth elements, sulfur, lead, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, and geochronological studies indicate that the ore-forming material was mostly supplied by the Carboniferous volcanic rocks through water-rock interaction under a low-to-moderate temperature, and the hydrothermal ore-forming fluid came from meteoric water with some magmatic water input evolved from the granitic magmas. Gold deposits in the Nurt area as well as in the northern Altay might form in multiple stages, and the Yanshanian mineralization period should be paid more attention besides the Variscan mineralization period.  相似文献   

新疆准噶尔地区花岗岩中微粒闪长质包体特征及后碰撞花岗质岩浆起源和演化   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

李宗怀韩宝福  李辛子杜蔚 杨斌 《岩石矿物学杂志》2004,23(3):214-226

新疆准噶尔地区也布山、庙儿沟两个晚古生代后碰撞准铝一过铝质花岗岩体中，广泛发育大量的暗色微粒闪长质包体。岩石学、矿物学、主量元素和微量元素地球化学研究表明，包体与其寄主岩存在明显的亲缘关系。东准噶尔也布山黑云母花岗岩体中的暗色微粒包体与寄主岩有相似的地球化学成分，表明它是与寄主花岗岩相同成因的同源包体，是来自上地幔的基性岩浆经过高度演化、结晶分异的产物；西准噶尔庙儿沟二长花岗岩体中含钾长石斑晶的微粒包体则主要是由幔源的下地壳基性岩部分熔融形成的残余体，被酸性岩浆携带并发生成分上的同化和混染，最后在上地壳侵位的产物。同准噶尔碱性花岗岩一样，载荷包体的准铝一过铝质花岗岩是晚古生代后碰撞阶段构造一岩浆活动的岩石类型之一，其形成和演化标志了准噶尔地区后碰撞幔源岩浆底侵作用导致大陆地壳垂向生长的过程。  相似文献   

Multiple generations of pseudotachylyte in the brittle to ductile regimes, Qinling–Dabie Shan ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic complex, central China     

Aiming Lin  Zhiming Sun  Zhenyu Yang 《Island Arc》2003,12(4):423-435

Abstract Pseudotachylytes are present along the Dahezhen shear zone in the Qinling–Dabie Shan collisional orogenic belt, central China. Two types of pseudotachylyte vein are documented in the shear zone: cataclasite‐related pseudotachylyte (C‐Pt) and mylonite‐related pseudotachylyte (M‐Pt). M‐Pt is associated with mylonite‐development and is overprinted by C‐Pt. All of the quartz and most of the feldspar porphyroclasts within the M‐Pt are plastically deformed, but not in the C‐Pt. Dynamically recrystallized fine‐grained quartz and feldspar bands are oriented subparallel to the mylonite and M‐Pt foliation, and partially surround the porphyroclasts. Our results suggest that the M‐Pt formed cyclically in the ductile region at estimated conditions of 400–650°C and 400–800 MPa due to propagation of seismic fracturing associated with the thrusting‐related rapid exhumation of the ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic complex in the brittle regime down to a greater depth than the base of the seismogenic zone. The M‐Pt and mylonite formed in the Dahezhen shear zone at estimated conditions of 400–650°C and 400–800 MPa. The coexistence of C‐Pt and M‐Pt in the same shear zone suggests that repeated seismic slips occurred in both the brittle and ductile portions of the crust during the thrusting‐related rapid exhumation of the ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic complex.  相似文献   

中国新疆且末绿洲土地利用变化及驱动力分析   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

姜琦刚  高村弘毅  后藤真太郎 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(1):83-86

利用1993年JERS－1OVN及1999年LANDSAT－7ETM＋遥感资料，并结合实地调查，研究了新疆且末绿洲土地利用变化（LUCC）及其驱动力。1993－1999年仅6年时间，且末绿洲的耕地和林地面积大量增加，草地与湿地面积显著减少，与此同时，沙漠面积增加。LUCC的驱动力首先是政府的政策，而人口的增加及当地居民的经济利益则是LUCC最直接的因素；为了保护绿洲不受沙漠侵袭，绿洲内及其周围大规模植树造林，使林地面积大增；开垦耕地、盐碱化、沙漠化等则使草地面积日益减少。  相似文献   

1949年新疆库车7.4/级地震的地震构造条件          下载免费PDF全文

徐杰  周本刚  杨晓平  汪祥余  周庆  陈国光  冉洪流  刘占坡 《地震地质》2003,25(3):450-459

前人研究认为 ,库车 194 9年 7 级地震主要与天山南麓活动构造带的NEE向秋立塔格断裂有关。最近笔者根据深地震地壳测深、石油地质及活断裂等研究的新成果 ,对这次地震的构造条件进行了较深入的分析。塔里木陆块向天山俯冲 ,天山上地壳被挤压块断隆升并侧向推覆扩展 ,于天山南缘形成库车盆地及由秋立塔格等一系列逆断裂组成的逆断 -褶皱系 ,这是发育于沉积盖层的薄皮构造。NE向库车 -依西 1井断裂是库车盆地构造中重要的传递断裂 ,位于NE向的乌鲁木齐 -库车 -柯坪构造带中。有关 7 级地震的地震学研究结果与秋立塔格断裂完全不符 ,而与库车 -依西 1井断裂基本一致  相似文献   

中国新疆天山博阿断裂晚第四纪右旋走滑运动特征   总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

沈军  汪一鹏  李莹甄  姜慧  向志勇 《地震地质》2003,25(2):183-194,T001

利用遥感资料 ,通过野外实地考察并结合气候地貌事件的分析 ,对斜切北天山、长逾70 0km的博阿断裂 (博罗科努 -阿齐克库都克断裂 )的右旋走滑运动进行了定量研究。该断裂分为西部NW向断裂和东部NWW向断裂。西部NW向断裂长近 2 5 0km ,向西北延伸进入哈萨克斯坦 ,右旋走滑速率可达 5mm/a ;由 4～ 5个断裂段组成 ,其上发育 3～ 4条古地震或历史地震形变带 ,显示具有发生 7.5级地震的能力。东部NWW向断裂右旋走滑速率 1～ 1.4mm/a ;其上发现小规模古地震形变带 ,显示具备发生 7级左右地震的能力。该断裂与山前的逆冲推覆构造之间构成典型的挤压区应变分配形式 ,即在斜向挤压作用下 ,变形分配为山前的逆冲推覆构造和山内的走滑断裂  相似文献