Micromechanics of the velocity and normal stress dependence of rock friction   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Weibin Wang  Christopher H. Scholz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1994,143(1-3):303-315

Among the second-order effects on friction the most important are those of variable normal stress and of slip velocity. Velocity weakening, which is usually considered the source of the stick-slip instability in rock friction, has been observed in velocity stepping experiments with Westerly granite. The friction change, , was –0.01 to –0.008 for a tenfold velocity increase. Using normal closure measurements, we observed dilation upon each increase in sliding rate. We also observed, for the first time, time-dependent closure between surfaces during static loading. The dilation that occurred during the velocity stepping experiment was found to be that expected from the static time-dependent closure phenomenon. This change in closure was used to predict friction change with an elastic contact model. The calculated friction change which results from a change in contact area and asperity interlocking, is in good agreement with the observed velocity dependence of steady-state friction. Variable normal stress during sliding has two effects, first in creating new partial slip contacts and locking some existing fully sliding contacts and second in increasing interlocking, for instance when normal load is suddenly increased. As a result, a transient change in friction occurs upon a sudden change in normal load.  相似文献   

新疆地震预报研究     

朱令人 《内陆地震》1993,7(2):90-105

新疆的地震预报是1970年开始的。二十多年来在“边观测、边研究、边预报”、“多路探索、多兵种联合作战”、“走综合预报之路”的方针指导下取得了长足的进展。建设了43个地震台站,投入189套仪器,建成了遍布全疆的地震无线通讯网,开展了历史地震调查和地震烈度区划工作,建立健全了地震会商预报制度,进行了多方面的地震预报研究。实际地震预报统计分析表明,扣除自然发震概率之后,趋势预报的成功率约0.3,短临预报的成功率约0.1。在前兆台网控制范围内取得了一些震例,说明地震确实是有前兆的,但又是非常复杂的。地震预报作为科学难题还有漫长的路要走。作者简要地讨论了地震观测的间接性和地震异常的离散性、难以区别的地震异常和地壳变动异常、建立在复杂现象基础上的地震前兆以及地震的混沌性对地震预报的影响等科学问题。  相似文献   

新疆第四纪盐类矿产的形成和控制因素——兼论“高山深盆”成盐模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王得林 《新疆地质》1993,(1)

根据袁见齐教授“高山深盆”成盐模式,探讨新疆天山对第四纪盐类矿床的形成和控制作用,阐述了天山地貌、气候、水文特征与盐类矿产的分布规律和特征。认为“高山深盆”并非一定是四周环山的深盆,可以是某一高山与其间深盆或两侧盆地的有机组合。高山的屏障作用造成了垂直的气候分带,在潮湿多雨的山区利于成盐组份的析出并迁移到干旱少雨的闭流深盆中,形成盐类矿床。  相似文献   

地铁施工对济南白泉泉群流量的影响     

束龙仓  王小博  李虎  倪寒茜  李罡  余亚飞  王鑫  张曼琦 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(1):192-200

为研究地铁建设对济南白泉泉群的影响，在综合分析白泉泉域地质、水文地质条件的基础上，假定研究区岩溶强径流带位置及水力性质，利用FEFLOW软件建立地下水流数值模型。以规划地铁M1号线为研究对象，分析了济南东站、梁王站、梁王东站分别施工及3个站同时施工4种情景下，采用施工降水或施工降水+人工回灌两种施工方式对白泉泉群流量的影响。结果表明：单独采用施工降水的施工方式使得白泉泉群流量衰减，其中3个站同时施工对泉流量的影响最大，泉流量最大衰减达5.48%；各站分别施工时，济南东站对泉流量影响最大，泉流量较未施工时减少了0.043×10⁴ m³/d。采用施工降水+人工回灌的施工方式，能够有效缓解泉流量的衰减，各车站施工时的泉流量衰减由仅施工降水时的2.26%~5.48%降低至0.08%~1.21%。岩溶强径流带有利于地下水形成优势径流，促进白泉泉群补给，一定程度上缓解因地铁施工引起的泉流量衰减。  相似文献   

Research on temporal and spatial distribution, evolutionary character and mechanism of crustal deformation field before and after the Tangshan earthquake   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周硕愚  施顺英  帅平 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,10(6):693-701

Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌａｎｄｓｐａｔｉａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕ┐ｔｉｏｎ,ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒａｎｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｃｒｕｓｔａｌｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｆｉｅｌｄｂｅｆｏｒｅａｎｄａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅＴａｎｇｓｈａｎ...  相似文献   

Probabilistic seismic hazard zonation of Syria     

Abdallah I. Husein Malkawi  Robert Y. Liang  Jamal H. Nusairat  Azm S. Al-Homoud 《Natural Hazards》1995,12(2):139-151

Earthquake hazard maps for Syria are presented in this paper. The Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) on bedrock, both with 90% probability of not being exceeded during a life time of 50, 100 and 200 years, respectively are developed. The probabilistic PGA and MMI values are evaluated assuming linear sources (faults) as potential sources of future earthquakes. A new attenuation relationship for this region is developed. Ten distinctive faults of potential earthquakes are identified in and around Syria. The pertinent parameters of each fault, such as theb-parameter in the Gutenberg-Richter formula, the annual rate ₄ and the upper bound magnitudem ₁ are determined from two sets of seismic data: the historical earthquakes and the instrumentally recorded earthquake data (AD 1900–1992). The seismic hazard maps developed are intended for preliminary analysis of new designs and seismic check of existing civil engineering structures.  相似文献   

Using numerical modelling to evaluate tsunami hazard near the Kuril Island     

L. B. Chubarov  Yu. I. Shokin  K. V. Simonov 《Natural Hazards》1992,5(3):293-318

A sequence of computer experiments is used to study questions concerning the tsunami problem as a quantitative estimate of tsunami danger, detailed geographical tsunami classification, determination of the parameters of critical tsunami waves, and the conditions of their development. We call a wave critical, if its impact on the coast is most hazardous.Using the Middle Kuril Island as an example, we present the results of a computer experiment which includes determining the wavefields on the shelf and estimating the effects connected with the deep-water Bussol and Diana Straits.Numerical simulation of tsunami waves of different sources permits the assessment of the extent of tsunami danger in different areas of the coastal zone of Simushir Island, depending on the location of the focus zone and their geometry.The major singularities of the wavefield arise in the zones of the deep-water straits. The distribution of the amplification factors is determined by both the global parameters of the wavefields and the local properties of individual harbours. The results obtained for a particular harbour in the northern part of Simushir Island, formed the basis for the quantitative estimate of tsunami danger for this area.  相似文献   

基于区域竞争力对比的新疆旅游资源开发分析   总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10  

黄耀丽  吴兆宁  郑坚强 《干旱区地理》2006,29(3):403-410

由于资源赋存、区位优势、基础设施、经济发展等方而存在的地域差异,使不同区域在旅游业发展中有不同的业绩和发展潜力。以20纪90年代以来新疆旅游接待量和旅游收入不断增长但旅游目的地地位明显下降为线索,对比研究了新疆的资源禀赋、开发程度、客源市场竞争态等,并调查分析了东南沿海及港澳台地区游客旅游意愿和赴疆游的客源市场潜力。提出区位条件是新疆在现阶段不可抗拒和短期内难以改变的客观因素,必须在现实基础条件下转变思维方式,宏观上以国内远程市场为目标,建立民俗-湖泊-冰川-草原-古迹-沙漠的旅游开发序位；中观上整合近域特殊地理单元内的同构旅游产品以打造品牌；微观上倡导“旅游体验”为核心的管理模式和开发理念。  相似文献   

新疆口岸区域空间发展模式的数理分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓锋  张小雷  杨德刚  刘海燕 《干旱区地理》2006,29(3):422-426

口岸以国家主权象征的海关为主体,兼有国家其它专项检验部门联合组成,一般是由设在进出口国境的交通港站,并与有关部门和行业的单位组成的综合体。我国新疆因其边境省区的特殊地理位置和漫长的边境线而拥有众多的口岸,而沿边经济带又是新疆的一条重要经济发展轴,因此针对口岸区域发展模式的研究就显得非常必要。空间发展模式是区域发展的重要方面,本文采用位势潜能计算模型分析了口岸区域空间发展的双核模式,以量化方式对口岸区域的发展模式进行了分析和探讨。  相似文献   

西南天山布隆金矿床成矿作用同位素地质年代学     

杨建国  杨林海  吕昌国  李智佩  于浦生 《地球学报》2006,27(1):51-55

位于新疆西南天山阿合奇县的布隆金矿是一个国内较少见的低温热液石英重晶石脉型金矿床,它赋存于上泥盆统细碎屑岩中,金矿体受层间缓倾斜破碎带控制。根据矿脉矿物组合及相互穿插关系,原生成矿期成矿作用可分为:①黄铁矿-石英阶段;②石英-黄铁矿-菱铁矿-重晶石阶段;③方解石-石英-重晶石阶段和④重晶石阶段。年代学研究表明,主成矿阶段(②阶段)含金石英脉RB-SR等时线年龄为258±15MA,表明成矿作用发生在晚二叠世末,与中亚南天山大规模的金成矿作用发生时期相一致。  相似文献