NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MESOSCALE STRUCTURES OF TYPHOON AND OROGRAPHIC EFFECTS USING MM5^*          下载免费PDF全文

Wang Pengyun 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1999,13(4):474-493

The track,landfall,dynamic and thermodynamic and cloud-rain physical mesoscale structures and their evolution of typhoon HERB 1996 in 36 h from 0000 UTC 31 July to 1200 UTC 1 August 1996 were simulated by using the non-hydrostatic mesoscale model MM5.This period covered the process of typhoon HERB landfall at Taiwan and Fujian Provinces.Results show that the model successfully simulated the landfall process of typhoon HERB,revealed the most important characteristics of the mesoscale dynamic and thermodynamic and cloud-rain physical structure during its landfall.The simulated typhoon track was close to the observation.The center of cyclonic circulation simulated at 0000 UTC on 1 August 1996 (24 h integration) was located in shore near Fuqing,Fujian Province at which the typhoon was reported to landfall two hours later.It shows that strong upward motion formed by low level convergence existed in the eye-wall and subsidence at the eye.The wind field shows clear asymmetrical structure near the typhoon center.The cloud and rainband was screw-typed distributed around typhoon center,and consisted of meso-β scale rain cores.During the period of typhoon HERB staying near and passing over Taiwan,the lower cloud was developed in the eye region so that the previous clear typhoon eye on the satellite pictures became fuzzy.Observation shows that the typhoon center was "warm",but the model simulations with higher space resolution show that in the mid-troposphere the region of eye-wall with stronger upward motion and more cloud-and rain-water was warmer than the eye.During the period of typhoon passing over Taiwan and its following landfall at Fujian,the track of model typhoon deviated about 30 km northward (i.e.,rightward) because of the orographic effects of Taiwan Island,but the strength of the typhoon was not affected remarkably.The amount of rainfall on Taiwan in the 36 h simulations was enhanced more than six times by the orographic lifting of Taiwan Mountain.  相似文献   

When are relative variograms useful in geostatistics?     

Noel Cressie 《Mathematical Geology》1985,17(7):693-702

The relative variogram has been employed as a tool for correcting a simple kind of nonstationarity, namely that in which local variance is proportional to local mean squared. In the past, this has been linked in a vague way to the lognormal distribution, although if {Z_t; t D}is strongly stationary and normal over a domain D,then clearly {exp (Z_t); t D}will stillbe stationary, but lognormal. The appropriate link is made in this article through a universal transformation principle. More general situations are considered, leading to the use of a scaled variogram.  相似文献   

初冬青藏高原冻土过程的数值模拟   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

张艳武  吕世华  李栋梁  黄静 《高原气象》2003,22(5):471-477

利用改进了的加进NCAR陆面过程(LSM)的NCAR MM5大气模式中的土壤冻融过程参数化方案和2001年10月2～30日的NCEP再分析资料,对青藏铁路沿线区域进行数值模拟试验。在新方案中改进了土壤径流和土壤渗透影响土壤层的水文过程,增加了对土壤含冰量的求解,较真实地反映了土壤的冻融过程。模拟结果表明,改进土壤冻融过程方案后,模式对地温、地面通量的模拟有一定的改进,能够反映土壤冻结初期陆面要素场的变化。  相似文献   

云南水汞在打破M≥5级地震平静后强震前的异常分析     

杨杰英  李永强张立 《高原地震》2003,15(2):17-25

通过普洱6．3、宁蒗6．2级和姚安6．5级3个在省内M≥5级地震平静了10余个月,打破5级平静后发生的M≥6级强震前水汞的异常分析,并着重短临异常研究,结果表明这3次地震前水汞均有中期和短、临异常,中、短、临异常台站数为两头少,中间多。中期异常表现为11％。22％的水汞观测台站震前出现2—10个月的中期异常;短期异常表现为震前2—3个月,平均44％的台站观测到短期异常,最大异常幅度与异常判定线比值在1．3—3．2倍之间：强震前都只有1个台站出现临震异常。短期异常有差异,宁蒗6．2级主震前,短期异常在2次前震前出现,普洱6．3、姚安6．5级地震前,水汞短期异常在打破5级平静的地震前出现,水汞短期异常有活跃、平静的现象。最早出现中期异常的台站相对靠近震中。  相似文献   

RS技术在实时区域土壤侵蚀评价中的应用--以福建省花山溪流域为例   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

黄文义  陈刚  胡成 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2003,14(2):116-118,124

传统数据采集方法严重制约了土壤侵蚀评价实时、快速的要求。文章以福建花山溪流域为例,基于“通用土壤侵蚀方程式”(USLE)为土壤侵蚀定量评价模型,利用多时效、多光谱的遥感数据,在ERDAS8．5软件平台上,研究提取流域动态最易变化的植被、土地利用类型等信息的技术方法。研究结果证实,这种方法可以快速、准确地提取影响土壤侵蚀的基本参数．进而实现对区域流域土壤侵蚀的实时评价。  相似文献   

Authigenic sericite record of a fossil geothermal system: the Offenburg trough,central Black Forest,Germany     

Olaf?Brockamp  Norbert?Clauer  Michael?ZutherEmail author 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2003,92(6):843-851

A fossil geothermal area is hosted by the Carboniferous, Permian and Bunter sandstones of the Offenburg intramontane trough in the central Black Forest. The hydrothermal alteration is identified on the basis of newly formed sericites, which appear as pseudomorphs after feldspar and filling of pore spaces. According to K–Ar dating of sericite, serititization occurred about 145 Ma ago (Jurassic). On the basis of ¹⁸O analyses of sericite, sericite composition and vitrinite reflectance, the hydrothermal fluids had temperatures of 150–210 °C. Because their electrolyte content was low, these fluids are assumed to have derived from meteoric water. A second pulse of electrolyte-rich hydrothermal fluids resulted in quartz overgrowths. Fluid mobilization seems to be linked to the disintegration of Pangaea and to reactivated fault systems extending from the crystalline basement into the intramontane sediments.  相似文献   

我国卤水溴资源及其开发前景展望   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

乌志明  温现明 《盐湖研究》2000,8(2):59-67

溴在自然界无独立的矿物 ,呈强分散性稀有元素 ,散布在地壳水圈里 ,以油气田地下卤水、盐湖卤水、矿场盐卤水含溴浓度相对较高。溴在国民经济的用途广泛 ,是我国紧缺物资 ,产不敷消。而我国卤水溴资源分布广泛 ,类型齐全 ,同时常伴有K、B、I、Li等多种有用组分。充分发挥各类卤水溴资源特点 ,提高卤水溴资源综合利用水平 ,其开发前景广阔  相似文献   

1-（4-硝基苯基）-3-（3，5-二溴吡啶）三氮烯的合成及其与镍的显色反应     

王智敏  申屠超  金建忠 《岩矿测试》2006,25(4):341-344

合成了1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(3,5-二溴吡啶)三氮烯(NPDBPDT),并研究了NPD-BPDT与镍的显色反应。在pH 10.0的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液介质中,表面活性剂Triton X-100存在下,镍与试剂生成摩尔比为1∶4的络合物在470 nm处有最大正吸收峰,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.02×105L.mol-1.cm-1;在540 nm处有最大负吸收峰,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.15×105L.mol-1.cm-1;以540 nm为参比波长、470 nm为测量波长进行双波长测定,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.17×105L.mol-1.cm-1。镍含量在0~480μg/L内符合比尔定律。方法用于合金样品中镍的测定,结果与原子吸收法相符,加标回收率为98.0%~102.0%;精密度小于5%(RSD,n=6)。  相似文献   

基于SPOT 5异轨立体像对提取DEM试验与精度评估   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

贾秀鹏  焦伟利  李丹 《测绘信息与工程》2006,31(2):32-34

介绍了异轨立体像对提取DEM的基本原理和数据处理流程,利用两景影像进行了DEM提取试验,分析了结果的精度,提出了利用卫星立体影像提取DEM这一方法的发展方向。  相似文献   

精细化MOS相对湿度预报方法研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

陈豫英陈晓光  马筛艳马金仁 丁建军 《气象科技》2006,34(2):143-146

利用2003年5~9月MM5模式每隔1 h的站点基本要素预报场和物理量诊断场资料,以及相应时段内宁夏25个测站的相对湿度自记观测资料,同时采用多元线性和逐步回归2种MOS统计方法,预报宁夏25个测站5~9月48 h逐时相对湿度。对2004年夏季6~8月预报效果检验表明:MOS方法制作宁夏48 h逐时相对湿度预报结果是可用的或是可参考的;2种MOS统计方法预报结果相近,逐步回归方法比多元线性方法预报效果稍好,08:00预报误差明显低于20:00;当天气形势变化较平稳时,MOS预报结果稳定,平均绝对误差控制在10%左右;当有明显的变温等特殊天气时,误差变率起伏波动大,预报结果不稳定。  相似文献