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91.
在中国北部边疆西起天山东端的北山,东至大兴安岭北段的4200km地域内,气候干旱少雨,水资源贫乏,第四系地下水是主要供水源之一。本文首次比较系统地研究了该区第四纪堆积物的分布和地下水的赋存规律。文中依据不同地貌单元、地层岩性及气候条件诸因素将本区第四系地下水划分为枝状沟谷砂砾石层孔隙水、河谷冲积平原砂砾石层孔隙水两种主要类型,并着重对有重要供水意义的河谷冲积平原砂砾石层孔隙水的分布、埋藏条件、富水性及水化学特征进行了论述。 相似文献
92.
Effects of geology and human activity on the dynamics of salt-water intrusion in three coastal aquifers in southern Spain 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Mathematical modelling of salt-water intrusion processes in three aquifers on the southern coast of Spain (Río Verde, Río
Vélez and Castell de Ferro) reveals that, although all three systems are subject to the same climate and seasonal over-exploitation,
geological and human factors have very different effects on the dynamics of contamination. In the Río Verde aquifer, the most
important influence is the high volume of extractions occurring during the dry season; in Río Vélez, the intrusion is strongly
controlled by infiltration of water from the river to the aquifer, and, in the Castell de Ferro system, an intensely karstified
carbonate massif lying in contact with both the sea water and the detrital aquifer represents the main entrance point for
influx of sea water and subsequent washing of the aquifer. We have undertaken a mathematical simulation of various possible
measures to counteract intrusion, according to the specific characteristics of the process in each aquifer. These measures
include artificial recharge, use of natural recharge from the river as a hydraulic barrier, and the construction of a low-permeability
barrier.
Received: 5 December 1995 · Accepted: 12 April 1996 相似文献
93.
Thierry Rolland Stéphanie Fayolle Arlette Cazaubon Stéphane Pagnetti 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1997,59(1):57-73
In a sub-alpine river, the Asse, with an unpredictable discharge regime, chlorophyll, density and taxonomic diversity of both
drifting and periphytic communities were studied from a methodical approach. The investigations based on stamping two close
cross-sections to know their spatial distributions in a heterogeneous bed substrate showed a heterogeneous pattern of colonization
mainly influenced by hydrological variables as the current velocity, the size of the substrata (gravel-pebble-boulder). For
the drifting algae, mainly composed with benthic species temporarily unhooked to the substrata, the heterogeneity of the distribution
was reduced in fast flow which induced a mixing of the whole mass of water.
For the periphyton, some results indicated that the greatest diversity and the highest chlorophyll concentration were found
on pebble substratum where the current velocity was moderate. These results have also shown that the classical methods used
to day for investigations were inadequate for most Mediterranean rivers.
It was really difficult to estimate the water quality from classical index created for use in regular large plain rivers. 相似文献
94.
95.
Introduction As far as the frequency and magnitude are concerned, the earthquakes in the sea area to the east of Shanghai are far more strong than in land area with the largest one in the sea area near the Yangtze River mouth being MS=436, while in land, only MS=434 occurred on Sept. 1, 1624. As a moderately strong earthquake active area, the sea area near the Yangtze River mouth, may cause a potential risk to Shanghai. In 1971 and 1996, earthquakes with MS=5~6 occurred in this area. Geo… 相似文献
96.
97.
金沙江向家坝库区长约410 km的沿江地带,共发育349个变形破坏体(滑坡、崩塌和变形体),总体积31.49亿m~3,其中体积大于1 000万m~3的崩滑体有47个。岸坡变形破坏密度D和模数B分别达0.35个/km和316.95万m~3。对岸坡变形破坏体及其所处的环境特征研究表明,变形破坏体与其所在地层岩性、地质构造、地形条件、岩体结构特征及近期河流地质作用等环境因素共同作用密切有关。系统研究变形破坏体及其与这些环境因素的相互关系,有助于剖析岸坡失稳的成因机制,对岸坡失稳的预测、预防和工程治理具有重要的理论和指导意义。 相似文献
98.
阐述了大汶河流域洪涝灾害的特点,并对洪涝灾害发生的原因进行了分析,提出了预防为主、综合治理、系统防治和重点防治相结合、标本兼治的防治思路及具体防治对策. 相似文献
99.
长江中下游是中国东部一个重要的Cu-Au-Fe-Mo矿成矿带。笔者等在5个夕卡岩-斑岩Cu-Au-Mo矿区采集了11件辉钼矿样品,在铜陵地区大团山层控夕卡岩Cu-Au-Mo矿体采集了5件辉钼矿样品进行Re-Os同位素年龄测定。在对16件样品进行ICP-MS方法测定的同时,还利用NTIMS方法对其中9件样品进行了精测,两种方法测定的结果基本吻合。16件辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素模式年龄为134.7±2.3~143.7±1.6Ma(2σ)。其中大团山铜矿区的5件样品的模式年龄更为接近,分布范围为 138.0± 3.2~140.8±2.0 Ma,平均 139.3±2.6Ma,其等时线年龄为 139.1±2.7Ma,初始Os为0.7±8.1(MSWD=0.29)。这些结果清楚地反映出夕卡岩-斑岩Cu-Au-Fe-Mo矿床与层控夕卡岩Cu-Au-Mo矿床为同一时代形成,属于同一成矿系统。作为中国东部大规模成矿作用的组成部分,长江中下游地区铜钼金矿床的形成与岩石圈构造体制大转换之地球动力学事件相耦合,为中生代第二期大规模成矿作用的产物。 相似文献
100.
This paper introduces and evaluates a novel method for ascertaining the grain‐size distribution of subsurface sediments that involves profoundly less sampling effort than standard methods. It is based on hybrid sampling principles previously applied to the construction of synthetic surface grain‐size distributions. The method is developed from an empirical demonstration of the approximate similarity of surface and subsurface grain‐size distributions when compared over a common range of sizes. Subsurface hybrid models are found to provide good facsimiles of grain‐size distributions de?ned using standard criteria and to yield distribution percentiles with millimetre accuracy. The technique is presented as an expedient alternative to standard methods for large, perennial gravel‐bed rivers. As this is a new technique, prudent application is advised in lieu of further investigation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献