Exchange of nitrate,and the products of bacterial nitrate reduction,between seawater and sediment from a U.K. saltmarsh     

D.B. Nedwell 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,14(5):557-566

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土壤包气带强化反应层脱氮的控制因素与性能研究     

孙昭玥  郑西来  郑天元  栾永霞  辛佳 《地学前缘》2021,28(5):136-145

包气带作为防止地下水硝酸盐污染的天然屏障,其反硝化效果通常受到碳源的限制。针对地下水硝酸盐污染防治技术现状,本文采用Ca(OH)₂处理的玉米芯作为反硝化的碳源材料,构建包气带强化反应层,用响应曲面法研究硝酸盐浓度、含水量和温度的交互作用对脱氮性能影响,并用硝态氮去除率、亚硝态氮累积、pH值变化以及溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)淋失通量综合评价脱氮性能,最后采用高通量测序揭示脱氮层中微生物变化。研究结果表明:温度、含水量以及温度和含水量交互作用对硝态氮去除率影响显著,其中温度是反硝化过程中最关键的因素;系统运行74天后,硝态氮去除率达到50%,亚硝态氮累积量(以N计)大多低于3 mg/L,pH值维持在7.0左右,DOC淋失通量(以C计)介于0.10.2 mg/(cm²·d);高通量测序发现,脱氮层中微生物的丰富度降低,而与反硝化和碳分解有关的微生物相对丰度提高,在碳源的刺激下微生物向有利于脱氮的方向演变。  相似文献   

生物滞留系统去除地表径流中的氮素研究评述   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

王书敏  何强  徐强  宋力 《水科学进展》2015,26(1):140-150

总结了近年来国内外应用生物滞留系统脱除降雨径流氮素的研究现状,从生物滞留系统脱氮效能、脱氮影响因素和脱氮机制3个方面论述了国内外主要研究进展和理论成果。提出了生物滞留系统脱氮的研究建议:加强生物滞留系统内氮素迁移转化驱动机制研究;推动生物滞留系统"宏观生境-运行效能-微生态系统"耦合响应体系研究;开展生物滞留系统功能植物关键分子生物学特征研究。  相似文献   

潮滩生态系统中生源要素氮的生物地球化学过程研究综述   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

侯立军  刘敏  许世远  欧冬妮  刘巧梅  刘华林  蒋海燕 《地球科学进展》2004,19(5):774-781

海岸带潮滩生源要素生物地球化学循环过程是国际地圈生物圈计划（IGBP）、海岸带陆海交互作用（LOICZ）研究的重要内容,也是全球变化区域响应研究中的重要组成部分。在过去的10～20年之间,潮滩生源要素氮的生物地球化学循环研究得到了长足的发展。基于此,较为全面、系统地总结和分析了有关潮滩氮营养盐的来源、潮滩氮素的物理、化学和生物迁移转化过程及氮素地球化学循环过程中底栖生物效应等一系列研究成果,并提出了今后潮滩生源要素氮的生物地球化学循环研究重点和发展趋向。  相似文献   

Benthic fluxes of nitrogen in the tidal reaches of a turbid, high-nitrate sub-tropical river     

Perran L. M. Cook  Bradley D. Eyre  Rhys Leeming  Edward C. V. Butler   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,59(4):675-685

Benthic fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), N₂ (denitrification), O₂ and TCO₂ were measured in the tidal reaches of the Bremer River, south east Queensland, Australia. Measurements were made at three sites during summer and winter. Fluxes of NO₃⁻ were generally directed into the sediments at rates of up to −225 μmol N m⁻² h⁻¹. NH₄⁺ was mostly taken up by the sediments at rates of up to −52 μmol N m⁻² h⁻¹, its ultimate fate probably being denitrification. DON fluxes were not significant during winter. During summer, fluxes of DON were observed both into (−105 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹) and out of (39 μmol m⁻² h⁻¹) the sediments. Average N₂ fluxes at all sampling sites were similar during summer (162 μmol N m⁻² h⁻¹) and winter (153 μmol N m⁻² h⁻¹). Denitrification was fed both by nitrification within the sediment and NO₃⁻ from the water column. Sediment respiration rates played an important role in the dynamics of nitrification and denitrification. NO₃⁻ fluxes were significantly related to TCO₂ fluxes (p<0.01), with a release of NO₃⁻ from the sediment only occurring at respiration rates below 1000 μmol C m⁻² h⁻¹. Rates of denitrification increased with respiration up to TCO₂ fluxes of 1000 μmol C m⁻² h⁻¹. At sediment respiration rates above 1000 μmol C m⁻² h⁻¹, denitrification rates increased less rapidly with respiration in winter and declined during summer. On a monthly basis denitrification removed about 9% of the total nitrogen and 16% of NO₃⁻ entering the Bremer River system from known point sources. This is a similar magnitude to that estimated in other tidal river systems and estuaries receiving similar nitrogen loads. During flood events the amount of NO₃⁻ denitrified dropped to about 6% of the total river NO₃⁻ load.  相似文献   

Effect of Hydrocarbons and Decontaminating Substances on Bacterial Flora of Coastal Sediments     

Ermanno Crisafi  Renata Zaccone  Lucrezia Genovese  Rosabruna La Ferla  Teresa Luciana Maugeri 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(4):365-375

Abstract. Seventy six samples of coastal sediments collected in the Straits of Messina were studied in order to evaluate the effects of an oil spill and the consequent "clean-up" operations on heterotrophic acrobic bacteria.
In addition, in vitro tests were carried out to estimate the effects of five dispersants on the growth and oil degrading capacity of marine strains isolated from the same sediments.  相似文献   

Screening and Characterization of Nitrite-Degrading Bacterial Isolates Using a Novel Culture Medium     

MA Qingshan  HE Zengguo 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(1):241-248

In this study,a novel culture medium that simulates shrimp pond conditions was established to screen nitrite-degrading isolates.The medium was supplemented with nitrite as a nitrogen source and shrimp feed as the major carbon source,to achieve the high nitrogen and low carbon nutritional status found in shrimp farming ponds.Screening using this medium identified potent denitrifying Bacillus isolates,among which Bacillus subtilis M7-1 was considered best.M7-1 was able to completely degrade nitrite-N in 24 h without much consumption of dissolved oxygen.Efficient denitrification activity took place in liquid cultures within a set of non-stringent ranges of pH(5.0–9.0),salinity(0–30)and temperature(25–35℃).The denitrifying enzyme gene was amplified,sequenced and further identified as nirS type.In biosecurity assessments,M7-1 had no negative effects on shrimps at a dose of 106 cfu mL−1.M7-1 could therefore be used in aquaculture to reduce and control the nitrogen concentration,and to promote the development of sustainable and healthy culture systems.  相似文献   

太湖常见3种沉水植物附着生物的生物量及潜在反硝化速率     

任天一  徐向华  宋玉芝  郭婧 《湖泊科学》2024,36(1):77-87

反硝化作用是将氮素从湖泊中彻底去除的重要途径之一,对于减轻湖泊富营养化具有重要意义。为了探究太湖沉水植物附着生物的生物量、潜在反硝化速率变化规律及其与环境因素的关系,在沉水植物生长盛期(7月),以太湖沉水植物主要分布区域东部湖湾作为采样区域,研究了太湖常见的3种沉水植物上附着生物的生物量,并利用乙炔抑制法测定沉水植物上附着生物的潜在反硝化速率,分析了太湖沉水植物附着生物的生物量及其潜在反硝化速率的主要影响因素。结果表明,太湖常见的3种沉水植物单位体表面积附着生物的生物量(AFDM)在0.037~0.789 mg/m²之间,均值为(0.389±0.261) mg/m²,沉水植物上附着生物的生物量存在空间差异,最大值出现在贡湖湾G1采样点((0.794±0.007) mg/m²),最小值出现在胥口湾X1采样点((0.041±0.005) mg/m²)。太湖沉水植物单位体表面积附着生物的潜在反硝化速率在3.09~58.80 μmol/(m²·h)之间,均值为(24.75±5.96)μmol/(m²·h)。太湖沉水植物附着生物的潜在反硝化速率存在空间差异,其中最大值出现在贡湖湾G1采样点((58.80±20.20) μmol/(m²·h)),最小值出现在胥口湾X1采样点((3.09±1.79) μmol/(m²·h))。相同条件下,沉水植物附着生物的生物量及潜在反硝化速率因植物种类的不同而存在差异,狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)上的附着生物的生物量及潜在反硝化速率显著高于苦草(Vallisneria natans)。相关性分析结果表明,沉水植物上附着生物的生物量与水体氮磷浓度相关。沉水植物附着生物的潜在反硝化速率与附着藻类的生物量、水体溶解有机碳及pH存在显著相关关系,这3种因子可以解释81.2%的沉水植物附着生物潜在反硝化速率变化,本研究结果可为进一步研究浅水湖泊脱氮过程及富营养化治理提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

水稻对砷吸收的机理及控制砷吸收的农艺途径研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨文蕾  沈亚婷 《岩矿测试》2020,39(4):475-492

全世界约一半人口以大米为主食,亚洲人口主食对水稻的依赖程度甚至超过90%。当前全球各地均存在不同程度的砷(As)污染,水稻容易在籽粒中积累砷,从而使砷通过食物链进入人体,威胁人体健康。水稻中砷含量水平为几个到几百个ng/g不等,砷从土壤进入水稻的过程涉及复杂的物理化学过程和形态转化,最终主要以砷酸、亚砷酸及砷的巯基、甲基配位等形态储存于大米中。田间水管理、施肥以及添加土壤改良剂等方法都可以控制稻田农田生态系统中水稻对砷的吸收,但是每种技术都有其优势和局限性。水稻农田生态系统中砷生物地球化学及水稻对砷的吸收和代谢等诸多因素都影响着水稻及谷粒中砷的浓度。综合考虑农艺活动对土壤中pH、氧化还原条件、有机质结构和共存元素等因素的影响,考虑不同的地域特征和经济因素,是在生产实践中实现控制水稻对砷吸收的关键。综合运用多种农艺方法进行水稻耕作是未来控制水稻吸收砷的重要途径;新型农艺方法在控制水稻吸收砷过程中的应用,气候变化对大米吸收砷的影响,以及非破坏原位与活体分析技术在砷形态分析中的应用,是未来在全球尺度上更科学有效地控制大米中的砷含量、降低人体砷暴露风险的关键,也是未来的重点发展方向和艰巨挑战。  相似文献   

夏季长江河口潮间带反硝化作用和N2O的排放与吸收   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15  

王东启  陈振楼  王军  许世远  杨红霞  陈华  杨龙元  胡玲珍 《地球化学》2006,35(3):271-279

采用培养箱乙炔抑制和现场静态箱法,于夏季(7月)在长江河口潮滩潮间带进行了采样,研究表明,长江河口潮滩水体自身N2O产生速率很低,在潮汐淹没期沉积物是上覆水体N2O的来源,其来自沉积物中反硝化、硝化等氮素循环的多个反应过程,沉积物中N2O自然产生速率在0.10～8.50μmol/(m2·h)之间,反硝化速率在21.91～35.87μmol/(m2·h)之间。退潮出露期中潮滩是大气N2O的排放源犤交换速率在-11.03～13.17μmol/(m2·h)之间犦,5～10cm地温是影响N2O排放速率的显著性因素;低潮滩-大气界面N2O排放、吸收速率在-5.75～0.49μmol/(m2·h)之间。总体上看,中潮滩是大气N2O的排放源;而低潮滩对大气N2O有明显的吸收作用。潮滩植被(海三棱草和底栖藻类)的光合作用明显抑制了N2O的排放并可能导致吸收,而其呼吸作用则增加了N2O的排放,潮间带-大气界面N2O的排放和吸收与CO2的排放、吸收有显著的正相关关系。  相似文献