Albedo models for the residual south polar cap on Mars: Implications for the stability of the cap under near-perihelion global dust storm conditions     

Boncho P. Bonev  Gary B. Hansen  Philip B. James 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(2):181-193

It is uncertain whether the residual (perennial) south polar cap on Mars is a transitory or a permanent feature in the current Martian climate. While there is no firm evidence for complete disappearance of the cap in the past, clearly observable changes have been documented. Observations suggest that the perennial cap lost more CO₂ material in the spring/summer season prior to the Mariner 9 mission than in those same seasons monitored by Viking and Mars Global Surveyor. In this paper we examine one process that may contribute to these changes—the radiative effects of a planet encircling dust storm that starts during late Martian southern spring on the stability of the perennial south polar cap. To approach this, we model the radiative transfer through a dusty planetary atmosphere bounded by a sublimating CO₂ surface.A critical parameter for this modeling is the surface albedo spectrum from the near-UV to the thermal-IR, which was determined from both space-craft and Earth-based observations covering multiple wavelength regimes. Such a multi-wavelength approach is highly desirable since one spectral band by itself cannot tightly constrain the three-parameter space for polar surface albedo models, namely photon “scattering length” in the CO₂ ice and the amounts of intermixed water and dust.Our results suggest that a planet-encircling dust storm with onset near solstice can affect the perennial cap's stability, leading to advanced sublimation in a “dusty” year. Since the total amount of solid CO₂ removed by a single storm may be less than the total CO₂ thickness, a series of dust storms would be required to remove the entire residual CO₂ ice layer from the south perennial cap.  相似文献   

基于SHAW模型的青藏高原唐古拉地区活动层土壤水热特征模拟   总被引：12，自引：9，他引：3  

刘杨  赵林  李韧 《冰川冻土》2013,35(2):280-290

利用唐古拉综合观测场活动层及气象塔2007年的数据资料, 结合SHAW模型在3种不同地表反照率选取方案下进行模拟试验, 对唐古拉地区活动层土壤水热特征进行了单点数值模拟研究.通过观测值与3种模拟值的对比分析, 结果表明: SHAW模型能够较为好地模拟多年冻土区地表能量通量、 活动层土壤温度特征, 而对土壤含水量模拟不太理想, 但对其变化趋势模拟较好; 在模拟试验中, 模型输入参数地表反照率取1-12月各月平均地表反照率后, 模型对地表能量通量、 活动层土壤温度和湿度的模拟效果有了明显的提高; 而用一种地表反照率参数化方案的计算结果对模型输入参数进行修正后, 模型对活动层土壤温度和湿度的模拟效果有了明显的提高, 对地表能量通量的模拟效果提高不明显.总体上, SHAW模型对高原多年冻土区土壤冻融过程的模拟具有优势, 是研究高海拔多年冻土区活动层土壤水热过程较为理想的陆面模型.  相似文献   

MODIS BRDF/Albedo数据在中国温度模拟中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张学珍  郑景云  何凡能  王鐯森 《地理学报》2011,66(3):356-366

地表反照率直接影响地表辐射平衡,进而改变当地温度(2 m气温,下同),然后还可能通过大气平流过程影响下游地区的温度。为揭示利用实时更新的地表反照率替换WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) 模式的静态地表反照率对中国大陆温度模拟结果的影响,本文进行了两组为期6 年(2002-2007 年) 的连续积分试验：控制试验(CT试验) 采用短波波段地表反照率,取自WRF模式推荐的地表参数数据集;敏感试验(MD试验) 采用分波段的(可见光和近红外) 地表反照率,取自MODIS BRDF/Albedo数据产品。试验结果表明,CT试验能够模拟中国温度的基本空间格局,但是模拟温度相对于观测温度有明显偏差,青藏高原南部的模拟温度偏低(负偏差),最大偏低幅度为1.03oC,出现在秋季,东部地区的模拟温度偏高(正偏差),最大偏高幅度达3.4oC,出现在春季;MD试验模拟结果的正、负偏差格局与CT试验基本相似,但是与CT试验相比,MD试验模拟的青藏高原南部温度的负偏差更大,最大为1.32oC,而模拟的东部地区温度的正偏差明显减小,最大为2.97oC,这说明MD试验比CT试验模拟的温度普遍偏低。在青藏高原,这主要归因于MD试验比CT试验的地表反照率大,使得地表净辐射少,地表感热少,致使温度偏低;在中国东部的黄淮海至江南丘陵区,这主要归因于MD试验中北方蒙古高原的地表反照率比CT试验的大,使得MD试验中该地区的地表净辐射少,地表感热少,温度低,然后通过南下冷平流过程致使位于其下游的黄淮海至江南丘陵区温度降低。  相似文献   

东北地区积雪反照率特性     

刘豪  肖鹏峰  张学良  冯学智  杨永可  胡瑞  张正  盛光伟 《冰川冻土》2019,41(3):554-562

利用2017年12月至2018年3月在东北地区获取的82个观测点的积雪反照率数据,从积雪反照率的时序差异、空间特点、影响因素三个方面开展了积雪反照率时空特点研究。结果表明：（1）在时间上,随着积雪积累时间的增加,积雪反照率逐渐降低,最大下降速率为0.003 d^-1。（2）在空间上,积雪反照率在东西方向差异显著,大兴安岭东西两侧地区的积雪反照率均值分别为0.679和0.751;在同一地区内,积雪反照率在雪表层含水量、雪粒径等因素影响下也存在一定差异,大兴安岭西侧地区的积雪反照率北低南高,大兴安岭东侧地区的积雪反照率北高南低。（3）耕地上的农作物留茬对积雪反照率影响较大,短时间内天气变化对积雪反照率影响较小。  相似文献   

Variations of albedo and spectral reflectance on Qiyi Glacier in Qilian Mountains during the ablation season     

Xi Jiang  NingLian Wang  JianChen Pu  JianQiao He  Liang Chen 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(1):0059-0070

Based on the data observed at two sites (site H1, 4,473 m a.s.l., and site H2, 4,696 m a.s.l.) on Qiyi Glacier in Qilian Mountains, China, by automatic weather station and spectral pyranometer during the period of June 9 through September 27, 2006, we investigated the temporal and spatial variations in surface albedo and spectral reflectance on the glacier. At site H1, the daily mean surface albedos fluctuated between 0.233 and 0.866, which were significantly affected by the air temperature on the glacier. It was found that the albedos clearly showed a diurnal cycle with the lowest value at noon at the two observation sites over the study period, and the difference of albedos between the upper site H2 and the lower site H1 also showed diurnal cycle but with the highest value at noon. The reflectance on the glacier was higher in the ultraviolet (0.28-0.4 μm) and visible (0.4-0.76 μm) wavelengths, lower in the near infrared wavelength (0.76-3 μm), which is quite contrary to the spectral reflectance on other ground surfaces. At the two observation sites, the spectral reflectance declined in all wavelengths with the ablation of snow generally. However, it declined drastically in ultraviolet (0.28-0.4 μm) and 0.6-0.7 μm wavelength, and declined less in 0.4-0.5 μm wavelength. On fresh snow surface, the spectral reflectance had the high values of 0.983 and 0.815 in the ultraviolet and visible (0.4-0.76 μm) wavelengths, respectively; but it had a relatively lower value of 0.671 in near infrared (0.76-3 μm) wavelengths. However, on dirty and melting ice surfaces, the reflectance had the very low values of 0.305 and 0.256 in the ultraviolet and visible wavelengths, with the lowest value of 0.082 in near infrared wavelengths. The spectral reflectance also showed a diurnal cycle like that of albedo. The diurnal variations of spectral reflectance on snow surface in ultraviolet and visible wavelength changed to a greater degree than that on ice surface. The diurnal variation curves were asymmetrical before and after t  相似文献   

黑河地区绿州和沙漠地面辐射收支的若干特征   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

季国良马晓燕  邹基玲吕兰芝 《干旱气象》2003,21(3):29-33

利用HEIFE中在绿州和沙漠两个测站所取得的资料。分析了两种不同下垫面辐射收支及其季节变化特征。结果表明：绿州区地表反射率明显小于沙漠区,季节变化明显;地面向上长波辐射绿州小于沙漠,地面有效辐射绿州小于沙漠。且季节变化明显;地表净辐射绿州大于沙漠,其能量以潜热为主输入大气;干旱地区的绿州光合有效辐射年总量大于河北、山声等地。光合有效辐射资源极为丰富。  相似文献   

行星反照率的取值和假设的讨论     

林振山 《热带气象学报》2002,18(4):424-427

首先分析了Wang的有关行星反照率假设的错误之处,而后分别对Budyko、North的行星反照率假设提出修改方案,最后提出了有关行星反照率的非线性分段、反馈假设:  相似文献   

Millennial‐scale variability in the oceans: an ocean modelling view     

Grant R. Bigg  Martin R. Wadley 《第四纪科学杂志》2001,16(4):309-319

Climate and ocean‐only models have shown that the ocean will respond abruptly to significant perturbations in surface forcing. Centennial‐scale oscillation is a characteristic of circulation in large semi‐enclosed ocean basins such as the Arctic, whereas millennial‐scale adjustment to changes in surface forcing has been found in the global ocean component of climate models. We show that the millennial time‐scale in climate models is likely to be intrinsic to the ocean through its presence in an ocean‐only model. The strength of the thermohaline circulation is shown to be very sensitive to the magnitude of ice albedo and, to a lesser extent, perturbation in the surface freshwater flux. Modelled glacial ocean circulation, in contrast to present‐day simulations, requires an enhanced freshwater flux over the northern Atlantic, even in its non‐Heinrich state, to obtain realistic overturning in the North Atlantic. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲地表特征参数的遥感研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张长春  王晓燕  崔亚莉  邵景力 《水文地质工程地质》2005,32(2):71-75

地表特征参数与下垫面特征密切相关,它是研究地表物质平衡和能量平衡的基础,因而应用遥感方法反演区域地表特征参数日益受到重视。本文主要应用现有的地表特征参数遥感反演模型,利用AVHRR和TM数据反演了黄河三角洲的地表特征参数:地表反照率、地面温度和植被指数等,并根据反演结果研究了地表特征参数及其合理组合所反映的地表特征。农田植被和天然植被的植被指数变化规律不同;在植被全覆盖区域,植被指数与反照率成幂函数关系,在极干或极湿情况下,地表温度与反照率成线性关系;地表特征参数的合理组合反映出黄河三角洲下垫面覆盖度低,裸地较多,地表较湿润,蒸发量较大。  相似文献   

Forward a spatio-temporal trend surface for long-term ground-measured albedo upscaling over heterogeneous land surface   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiaodan Wu  Qing Xiao  Dongqin You  Qiang Liu  Xingwen Lin 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(5):470-484

Upscaling ground albedo is challenged by the serious discrepancy between the heterogeneity of land surfaces and the small number of ground-based measurements. Conventional ground-based measurements cannot provide sufficient information on the characteristics of surface albedo at the scale of coarse pixels over heterogeneous land surfaces. One method of overcoming this problem is to introduce high-resolution albedo imagery as ancillary information for upscaling. However, due to the low frequency of updating of high-resolution albedo maps, upscaling time series of ground-based albedo measurements is difficult. This paper proposes a method that is based on the idea of conceptual universal scaling methodology for establishing a spatiotemporal trend surface using very few high-resolution images and time series of ground-based measurements for spatial-temporal upscaling of albedo. The construction of the spatiotemporal trend surface incorporates the spatial information provided by auxiliary remote sensing images and the temporal information provided by long time series of ground observations. This approach was illustrated by upscaling ground-based fine-scale albedo measurements to a coarse scale over the core study area in HiWATER. The results indicate that this method can characterize the spatiotemporal variations in surface albedo well, and the overall correlation coefficient was 0.702 during the study period.  相似文献