Colluvial sedimentation in a hyperarid setting (Atacama Desert,northern Chile): Geomorphic controls and stratigraphic facies variability     

Dario Ventra  Guillermo Chong Dìaz  Poppe l. De boer 《Sedimentology》2013,60(5):1257-1290

Research on colluvial depositional systems has recently emphasized periglacial and high‐altitude settings, and the relations between Quaternary slope stratigraphy and climate change. This article examines the role of variable slope morphology, surface hydrology and microclimate in controlling colluvial sedimentation along a coastal tract of the hyperarid Atacama Desert in northern Chile. Direct accessibility of active surfaces is accompanied by uninterrupted stratigraphic exposures along the base of slopes, allowing direct comparisons between surface processes and the resulting sedimentary record. Four slope sectors are identified, based on differences in morphology and processes over active surfaces. Colluvial sedimentation is controlled by complex interactions of slope gradients and profiles, exposure to dominant winds, and potential runoff pathways, which vary considerably between different sectors. Major differences are evident between these hyperarid deposits and slope sedimentation in periglacial and temperate settings, including the complete absence of pedogenic activity and clay minerals; the volume of aeolian deposits and their role in controlling processes which redistribute sediment downslope, extending colluvial aprons; and the occurrence of runoff processes only where favoured by particular topographic configurations. Depositional surfaces range from steep talus cones, to debris‐flow‐dominated and aeolian‐dominated colluvial aprons, to an aeolian ramp subject to reworking by mass flows and flash floods. Consequently, facies associations and architectures at outcrop are highly variable and highlight the importance of spatial variations in slope morphology and processes in producing distinct, coeval colluvial stratigraphies within a single environmental context. Discrepancies between active processes and the corresponding stratigraphic signatures are also evident in some sectors; for example, preservation of alluvial and aeolian facies in stratigraphic sections does not always reflect the dominant processes over active slopes. Together with the spatial variability in processes and deposits along these slopes, this suggests that caution is required when extracting palaeoenvironmental information from analyses of colluvial successions.  相似文献   

Early Devonian synorogenic alluvial-fan deposits of the Maccullochs Range,western New South Wales     

G. Neef 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):647-660

The Early Devonian, Maccullochs Range beds (new) of the Winduck Interval largely comprise non-marine fine-grained sheet-flood-deposited sandstones which lie in the southeast sector of the Darling Basin Conjugate Fault System. Deposition of the >2.5 km-thick sequence occurred on the Wilcannia, Towers and Coolabah Bore alluvial fans, that were sourced largely from lightly indurated sandstone caps overlying a large basement high lying north of the Darling River Lineament, and also from west of Maccullochs Range (Coolabah Bore Fan). Four lithofacies are recognised. Lithofacies 1, massive sandstone, is proximal and was deposited from hyperconcentrated sheet floods. The more distal lithofacies 2 is partly massive, partly laminated and partly affected by soft sediment slumping during its deposition. It contains 1.3 – 3.5 m-thick sheet-flood successions that rarely show cross-bedding. Lithofacies 3 and 4 are minor: lithofacies 3, stream-flood deposited, comprises coarse-grained, pebbly sandstone and lithofacies 4, transient playa lake deposits that are locally intercalated with lithofacies 2. In lithofacies 2, thick massive fine-grained sandstone is commonly overlain by laminated sandstone that was deformed when soft. Incised channel deposits in lithofacies 2 deposits are rare and palaeosols were not discovered. Permanency of the positions of two of the alluvial fans, and by inference their feeder streams, remained unchanged for ～9 million years. The fans overlie probable floodplain deposits observed in a quarry in the easternmost part of the study area. Marine fossils are very minor in the range—the brachiopod Howellella jaqueti at one locality indicates an Early Devonian age for one of the brief marine incursions into what was normally an alluvial-fan environment. Very brief marine incursions elsewhere in the group are deduced from the presence of very rare fossil gastropods.  相似文献   

Alluvial soils as subgrade material: Laboratory and statistical evaluation     

《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2013,7(4):232-239

In India, rural roads are constantly being constructed. To ensure proper design of rural roads, it is desirable to have an appropriate selection of design parameters. The California bearing ratio (CBR) method of pavement design is the most commonly used method employed for the foundation design of rural roads. In the CBR method, the CBR value of the subgrade soil is critical in deciding the overall thickness of the pavement. Additionally, for good drainage, a typical specification for the pavement foundation design requires the value of permeability coefficient of the subgrade material to be specified. Thus, permeability and CBR constitute two important parameters in the design and assessment of long-term performance of the pavement. In this study, laboratory investigation has been carried out on a number of soil samples procured from a roadwork project site. Preliminary tests, such as index tests and particle size distribution tests, useful for soil classification, were followed by light compaction, CBR and variable head permeability tests. Further, observations from the laboratory investigation are statistically analysed to study correlations among various parameters. Because the predominant soil type found in the study area is alluvial, this study also highlights the suitability of alluvial soils as pavement subgrade material.  相似文献   

贺兰山寒武纪早期苏峪口组水下冲积扇的发现及意义     

蔡雄飞  何文键  杨捷  曾佐勋  顾延生  刘伟 《岩石矿物学杂志》2013,32(2):197-206

寒武纪早期的苏峪口组是贺兰山地区地质历史重要转换时期的地质单位,长期被认为是近岸海滩沉积.通过3年来对苏峪口组的研究,新识别了苏峪口组沉积环境为一个水下冲积扇,在岩性、岩相、生物群等方面都有新的发现和新的认识.水下冲积扇以冲刷面为底,砾石成分比较复杂,具砾砂混杂、不等粒结构,内部发育递变层理,具重力流的沉积特征.全区辉绿岩脉锆石年龄集中在5.3～5.4 Ma,是开裂盆地早期出现的标志年龄,说明开裂盆地的出现是造成苏峪口组早中期水下冲积扇发育的主要原因.  相似文献   

库车坳陷新近系库车组冲积扇沉积特征及相模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李鑫  钟大康  李勇  雷刚林  杨宪彰  李伟  饶华文  王瑀  祝海华 《现代地质》2013,27(3)

通过野外露头考察和测井分析,并结合地震和三维电法资料,对库车坳陷新近系库车组冲积扇的沉积特征和分布规律进行研究,建立了冲积扇沉积模式。库车坳陷新近系库车组冲积扇岩性主要为黄色、黄红色砾岩、砂砾岩及含砾砂岩。砾石层中可见底冲刷-充填构造、交错层理和平行层理。测井曲线整体表现出GR低和电阻率高的特征,曲线呈箱形、漏斗形和钟形;地震相以杂乱反射和前积特征为主。为了提高了研究的精度,在钻井分布稀少和地震相特征不明显的地区,将三维电法资料用于冲积扇分布的研究。通过综合研究,认为冲积扇在西部的Bz1井地区和Db1井地区规模最大,在东部地区发育规模小。构造运动是冲积扇发育的主要控制因素,库车期构造运动活动强烈,南天山快速隆升,为冲积扇提供大量的物源,Bz1井地区持续隆升,遭受剥蚀,物源充足,冲积扇规模不断增大;Db1井地区由于受构造断裂的影响,局部隆升,为冲积扇提供了局部物源。通过分析,认为库车坳陷新近系库车组冲积扇主要有长期稳定的继承性单物源冲积扇模式和受局部构造控制的多物源冲积扇模式。  相似文献   

南极洲泥盆系概况及其与中国泥盆系之比较          下载免费PDF全文

廖卫华 《极地研究》1995,7(2):35-40

南极洲的泥盆系主要分布于横贯南极山脉的麦克默多和俄亥俄岭－埃尔斯沃思山等两个沉积盆地中。前一个盆地的泥盆系代表从海岸泻湖－河流三角洲到近岸冲积平原的层序；后一个盆地的彭萨科拉山的泥盆系较厚，从非海相冲积扇－冲积平原－浅海相，最后又恢复到非海相沉积环境，但在俄亥俄岭却沉积了厚度不大的浅海相地层，含Ｍａｌｖｉｎｏｋａｆｒｉｃ生物地理大区的海相双壳类、腹足类、三叶虫、竹节石和鱼类等化石。除了上述两个沉积盆地外，在罗斯海两边却出露了火山岩，说明该地当时处于俯冲带附近的火山弧中。中国华南的曲靖型和西北的祁连山型泥盆系也属于滨海相和非海相沉积，它们与南极洲的泥盆系可资比较，但两者的生物地理区系并不相同  相似文献   

Luminescence chronology of river adjustment and incision of Quaternary sediments in the alluvial plain of the Sabarmati River, north Gujarat, India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pradeep Srivastava  Navin Juyal  Ashok K. Singhvi  Robert J. Wasson  Mark D. Bateman 《Geomorphology》2001,36(3-4)

River adjustment and incision in the Sabarmati basin, Gujarat, India have been examined at a site near Mahudi. Towards this, the morphostratigraphy and depositional chronometry of the middle alluvial plains were investigated. The upper fluvial sequence, along with the overlying aeolian sand and riverbed scroll plains, provide clues to the evolution of the present Sabarmati River. Sedimentological analyses of the upper fluvial sequence indicate its deposition by a meandering river system during what is believed to be a persistent wetter phase. Luminescence chronology bracketed this sequence to between 54 and 30 ka, which corresponds to Oxygen Isotope Stage-3, during which the SW monsoon was enhanced. The overlying aeolian sand has been dated to 12 ka, indicating that dune accretion occurred simultaneously with the strengthening of the SW monsoon during the Early Holocene. Adjustment of the Sabarmati along a N–S transect is placed around 12 ka and the incision is bracketed between 12 and 4.5 ka. River adjustment could have been tectonic; however, the incision was facilitated by the availability of continuous flow in the river caused by the SW monsoon. The basin experienced two tectonic events at about 3 and 0.3 ka, as demonstrated by the morphology of the scroll plains.  相似文献   

A numerical modelling and experimental study of flow width dynamics on alluvial fans     

A. P. Nicholas  L. Clarke  T. A. Quine 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(15):1985-1993

Alluvial fans are dynamic landforms, the evolution of which is controlled by both external environmental forcing (climate, tectonics and base level change) and internal process‐form feedbacks. The latter include changes in flow configuration (between sheetflow and channelized flow states), driven by aggradation and degradation, which may in turn promote changes in sediment transport capacity. Recent numerical modelling indicates that such feedbacks may lead to dramatic and persistent fan entrenchment in the absence of external forcing. However, the parameterization of flow width within such models is untested to date and is subject to considerable uncertainty. This paper presents results from an experimental study of flow width dynamics on an aggrading fan in which spatial and temporal patterns of fan inundation are monitored continuously using analysis of digital vertical photography. Observed flow widths are compared with results from a simple theoretical model developed for non‐equilibrium (aggradational) conditions. Results demonstrate that the theoretical model is capable of capturing the first‐order characteristics of width adjustment over the course of the experiment, and indicate that flow width is a function of fan aggradation rate. This illustrates that models of alluvial flow width derived for equilibrium conditions may have limited utility in non‐equilibrium situations, despite their widespread use to date. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

圆弧形沉积谷地在平面SV波入射下地震响应的有限元分析          下载免费PDF全文

蔡曼琳  丁海平  于彦彦 《世界地震工程》2022,38(1):229-240

详细介绍了求解复杂地形在地震波作用下无量纲频率动力响应的有限元方法,并通过与解析解的比较,验证了本文方法的可行性.同时采用本文的方法,计算了圆弧形沉积谷地在平面SV波入射下的地震响应,分析了沉积谷地厚度、地震波入射角度和频率等因素的影响,结果表明:(1)沉积谷地上方的放大系数明显比两侧的大,两侧的放大系数受沉积谷地的影...  相似文献   

Tertiary and Quaternary alluvial gold deposits of Northwest Spain and Roman mining (NW of Duero and Bierzo Basins)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. C. Prez-García  F. J. Snchez-Palencia  J. Torres-Ruiz 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2000,71(2)

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