Building vibrations and dynamic pavement loads induced by transit buses     

O. Hunaidi  W. Guan  J. Nicks 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2000,19(6):547

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bus suspension systems on building vibrations and dynamic pavement loads. Building vibrations and pavement loads induced by two instrumented buses having different characteristics were measured simultaneously under controlled field conditions. Field tests were performed at several vehicle speeds, normal and reduced tire pressures, and with roads having good surface condition as well as abrupt surface irregularities. Tests were carried out at two vibration complaint sites in Montréal. The level and frequency content of vibrations and loads induced by the two buses were evaluated and compared. The results show that the dynamic component of pavement loads induced by the two buses were significantly different but the difference in building vibration levels was not as significant.  相似文献   

Ground vibrations from sheetpile driving in urban environment: measurements, analysis and effects on buildings and occupants     

G. A. Athanasopoulos  P. C. Pelekis 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2000,19(5)

Following a comprehensive review of the subject of man-made ground vibrations, measurements of ground vibration caused by vibratory sheetpile driving in recent soil deposits are reported in terms of particle velocities vs. distance from the source of vibration. The measurements were conducted on paved surfaces and sidewalks in the inner urban environment. Reconstructed particle displacement paths indicated, predominantly, vertical vibrations of the Rayleigh type. The attenuation rate of vibrations with distance was compared to published results of other studies and satisfactory agreement was found to exist. Values of particle velocity measured in this study, however, were lower than corresponding values of other studies under comparable values of rated vibratory kinetic energy. This is possibly due to different soil conditions. Average and upper bound linear log–log attenuation relationships are proposed, which fit the results of measurements and are representative of the conditions likely to be encountered in the urban environment. Measurement of vibrations on higher floors of multistory reinforced concrete buildings indicated a significant amplification of vertical vibration and an average curve for amplification magnitude vs. floor level was fitted to the results of measurements. A comparison of measured values of vibration with the observed performance of buildings and with damage threshold values suggested by existing codes and standards indicated that the latter do not provide safety against damage caused by vibratory densification of loose sandy soils. On the other hand, the existing criteria for human exposure to vibrations in buildings, according to the results of this study, seem to adequately define the degrees of human discomfort.  相似文献   

四川盆地一次极端大风天气过程成因及预报着眼点分析     

康岚  刘炜桦  肖递祥  师锐  王秀明 《气象》2018,44(11):1414-1423

利用常规观测资料、FY-2E卫星云图、多普勒雷达产品、闪电定位资料、自动气象站资料等,分析了2015年4月4日傍晚到夜间发生在四川盆地的极端大风天气过程。分析指出:本次雷暴大风过程是由冷锋对暖湿气团的强迫抬升及干冷空气进入暖湿区域触发形成.中空干层、大的温度直减率、高低空急流耦合区、低层温度脊附近是利于极端雷暴大风出现的潜势区域。该区域为雷暴形成提供了条件不稳定、水汽、动力抬升等有利环境条件。冷空气首先从盆地西北部中低层入侵,在低层切变线上触发生成了一系列雷暴单体,在最有利于对流发展的潜势区域迅速发展。潜势区域中线状回波北段的中尺度涡旋环流、前侧入流和后侧入流的相互作用形成单体弓形回波,该弓形回波具有比普通雷暴更高的反射率因子、垂直液态含水量.根据雷达回波演变特征推断,本次极端大风是由单体弓形回波带来的湿下击暴流所导致。弓形回波中高反射率因子的高度连续下降意味着下沉气流伴随降水粒子下降,干空气被夹卷进入下沉气流使得雨滴被迅速蒸发,大大加强了下沉气流强度,因而显著增加了大风强度。分析还指出:通过分析对流发展背景条件,确定最有利对流发展的潜势区域,关注该区域中回波的生成、形态特点、演变特征,可提前预警大风天气。  相似文献   

Effect of hot dry summer tropical climate on forage intake and milk yield in Holstein–Friesian and indigenous zebu cows in Sudan     

Muna Mahjoub M Ahmed  Adam Ibrahim El Amin 《Journal of Arid Environments》1997,35(4):737-746

The effects of dry summer ambient temperature on some physiological and productive responses were studied in an exotic European breed (Holstein–Friesian) and a local zebu breed (Butana ecotype) of cattle in Sudan. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were positively correlated, and dry matter intake and milk yield were negatively correlated with variation in ambient temperature. However, significant adverse effects on high ambient temperature were only observed in the exotic breed.  相似文献   

Measurement of gaseous HNO3 over the Atlantic Ocean     

T. H. Papenbrock  F. Stuhl  K. P. Müller  J. Rudolph 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1992,15(3-4):369-379

A latitudinal profile (30° W, from 30° N to 30° S) of mixing ratios of nitric acid and particulate nitrate was determined on the Atlantic Ocean during the Polarstern cruise ANT VII/1 from Bremerhaven, Germany, to Rio Grande, Brazil. The detection of HNO₃ was performed simultaneously by laser-photolysis fragment-fluorescence (LPFF) and by nylon filter packs. The detection limit was about 30 pptv for a signal accumulation time of 1 h for LPFF and about 5 pptv for the filters at a collection time of 4 h. In general, the mixing ratios of HNO₃ in the Northern Hemisphere were found to be significantly higher than those in the Southern Hemisphere. The Atlantic background concentrations frequently varied between 80 pptv and the detection limit. Larger deviations from this trend were found for the more northern latitudes and for episodes like crossings of exhaust plumes from ships or from continental pollutions sources.  相似文献   

2014年冬季热带西太平洋雅浦Y3海山浮游植物叶绿素a浓度及粒级结构     

张文静  孙晓霞  陈芸燕  李俊磊  杜娟 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(4):739-747

2014年冬季对西太平洋雅浦区Y3海山及其邻近大洋海域不同粒径浮游植物叶绿素a浓度进行了现场观测,同时结合温度、盐度、营养盐数据,分析了Y3海山区总叶绿素a浓度分布情况,不同粒级浮游植物对总叶绿素a浓度的贡献率及其与环境因子的关系,并与热带西太平洋大洋区(DY断面)进行了比较。结果表明:Y3海山A、B断面与DY断面水体平均叶绿素a浓度相差不大,分别为0.057、0.054和0.051mg/m3,A、B和DY三个断面各水层(0、30、75、100、150和200m)叶绿素a浓度变化范围分别为0.009—0.205、0.005—0.236和0.007—0.229mg/m3。不同粒级浮游植物的叶绿素a占总叶绿素a的比例从大到小依次为微微型浮游植物、微型浮游植物和小型浮游植物,三者在各断面的比例分别为A断面:59.97%,25.39%,14.64%;B断面:50.87%,30.70%,18.43%;DY断面:55.87%,29.87%,14.26%。微微型浮游植物在整个调查区域为优势类群,在A、B和DY三个断面的平均浓度分别为0.025、0.026和0.029mg/m3。各站位均有次表层叶绿素a浓度最高值现象,其中Y3海山区西南部和东南部为叶绿素a浓度高值区。洋流、温度和营养盐均对叶绿素a浓度分布有一定的影响。本研究发现海山经典假说不适用于2014年冬季的Y3海山区。  相似文献   

Free vibrations of three-dimensional extensible marine cables with specified top tension via a variational method   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Somchai Chucheepsakul  Narakorn Srinil 《Ocean Engineering》2002,29(9)

This paper presents a model formulation that can be used for analyzing the three-dimensional vibration behaviours of an inclined extensible marine cable. The virtual work-energy functional, which involves strain energy due to axial stretching of the cable and virtual work done by external hydrostatic forces is formulated. The coupled equations of motion in the Cartesian coordinates of global systems are obtained by taking into account the difference between Euler’s equations and equilibrium equations. The method of Galerkin finite element is used to obtain the mass and stiffness matrices which are transformed into the local coordinate systems. Then the eigenvalue problem is solved to determine its natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes. The model formulation developed herein is conveniently applied for the cases of specified top tension. The numerical investigations are carried out to demonstrate the validity of the model and to explore in details the influence of various parameters on the behaviours of marine cables. Results for the frequency avoidance phenomenon, maximum dynamic tension and coupled transverse mode shapes are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

Effect of fluid column dynamics on longitudinal vibrations of an ultra deepwater riser covered by an orifice plug     

Vadim S. Tikhonov  Alexander I. Safronov 《Ocean Engineering》2002,29(1):99-112

The paper studies longitudinal vibrations of an ultra-deepwater drilling riser whose bottom end is disconnected from the sea floor and covered by a plug (a blind one or the one with a hole). An elastic shell is used as a model of a riser pipe. The fluid column motion in the riser is described by the Navier–Stokes equation for a compressible fluid. Losses of fluid pressure during its flowing through a hole in the plug are taken into account. Solution of the riser equations is carried out in the frequency domain. Analysis of the effect which the riser length, wave period and height, and the plug-hole diameter on the amplitude of the riser's tension vibrations is conducted. A riser manufactured of strong aluminium alloys, some of prospective materials for ultra deepwater drilling, was considered as a prototype. It has been shown that risers 2000–4000 m long, plug-hole, and a riser 6000 m long with plug-hole of 0.087 m in diameter can withstand wave height of >15 m throughout the frequency range.  相似文献   

On the response of a free span pipeline subjected to ocean currents   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

G. K. Furnes  J. Berntsen 《Ocean Engineering》2003,30(12):1553-1577

A mechanistic study is performed to examine the coupling between the in-line and the cross-flow motion of a cylindrical structure subjected to current forces. The structure represents a free span pipeline but concerns marine risers as well.A time domain model is formulated in which the in-line and cross-flow deflections are coupled through the axial tension which in turn is computed from the pipeline prolongation at any time. This formulation introduces time dependent tensions and non-linearity into the problem.Preliminary validation of the model simulations vs. physical test data are carried out for one specific case to ensure that the sag and the in-line deflection are correctly resolved by the model. Using this as the initial condition a series of calculations are carried out to examine cross-flow induced deflections induced by an in-line prescribed deflection and vice versa. Finally, an idealistic simulation of flow induced vibration is presented.The model simulations demonstrate that the coupling varies with the mode shape and with which component it is initially introduced into. However, it is evident that the coupling effects may be significant and not negligible.  相似文献   

Environmental models for predicting oceanic dolphin habitat in the Northeast Atlantic   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hastie  Gordon D.; Swift  Rene J.; Slesser  George; Thompson  Paul M.; Turrell  William R. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2005,62(4):760-770

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