紫下大桥安全检测与评价方法研究     

邓洪亮  石保同 《地震学刊》2009,(1):92-97

钢桥因具有跨径大、承载能力强、施工工期短等特点,被世界各国广泛采用,但在使用过程中,由于重载甚至超载车辆的反复作用、自然灾害的侵袭及交通事故等人为因素的作用,经常造成桥梁损伤和局部破坏,导致桥梁承载能力和耐久性的降低,甚至影响到运营的安全。本文建立了钢拱桥的健康检测和安全评价方法,采用防腐涂层厚度测定、结合强度测定、无损探伤和动静载荷试验等手段对紫下大桥健康状况进行了检测,采用不确定层次分析法对大桥进行了安全评价,提出了处理意见和措施,为既有钢拱桥的健康检测、评价和维护积累了有益的资料。  相似文献   

高速公路连拱隧道开挖三维稳定性分析     

陈永辉  ;吴继敏  ;彭建忠  ;陈显春 《地震学刊》2009,(1):71-76

通过对金丽温高速公路蛘湾连拱隧道工程区的地质特征的详细分析和现场调查,系统研究了蝉湾隧道开挖及加固全过程的围岩应力场、变形场的状况及变化特征。结果表明,蝉湾连拱隧道围岩应变率较高,围岩衬砌后的位移值比未衬砌时减小了50％,采用目前的衬砌类型后,衬砌变形将较大幅度地变小,衬砌应变值基本满足要求;虽然围岩拉应力值随着隧道的开挖逐渐变大,除局部位置外,衬砌整体基本满足抗拉的要求。  相似文献   

Dynamics of submerged intake towers including interaction with dam and foundation     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2016

The dynamics of a coupled concrete gravity dam-intake tower–reservoir water–foundation rock system is numerically studied considering two hollow slender towers submerged in reservoir of gravity dam. The system is investigated in the frequency-domain using frequency response functions of the dam and the towers, and in the time-domain using time-history seismic analysis under a real earthquake ground motion. The analyzes are separately conducted under horizontal and vertical ground motions. The coupled system is three-dimensionally modeled using finite elements by Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. It is shown that presence of the dam significantly influences the dynamic response of the towers under both horizontal and vertical excitations; however the dam is not affected by the towers. When the dam is present in the model, the water contained inside the towers has different effects if the foundation is rigid, but it alleviates the towers motion if the foundation is flexible. It is concluded that the effects of foundation interaction are of much importance in the response of tall slender towers when they are located near concrete gravity dams.  相似文献   

Assessment of 80 years of ancient‐badlands restoration in Saldaña,Spain          下载免费PDF全文

Joaquín Navarro Hevia  José Carlos de Araújo  Jorge Mongil Manso 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(12):1563-1575

This paper presents the history of badland generated in the Saldaña region, Spain; as well as the main responses eight decades after the start of restoration – in terms of vegetation, soil and erosive processes. The restoration consisted of intense reforestation and construction of more than 100 check dams and numerous wattle fences. Presently, the dense vegetation (87% cover) contrasts markedly with the degraded landscape from the early 20th century (5% cover). The thickness of litter and the natural presence of some species (Quercus pyrenaica, Paeonia broteroi and Lactarius deliciosus) clearly indicate the recovery of the site. The development of the forest cover shows that the intervention has the potential to recover almost 90% of the area. There is also evidence of soil regeneration, although some properties (erodibility, resistance to penetration and shear‐strength resistance) are not that different between the forested and degraded areas. In the restored zones, runoff is negligible, since a thick layer of moss covers the spillways of all the check dams. Erosion has almost been stopped by the effects of vegetation cover, litter and higher infiltration rates (infiltration rate in forested slopes is 43.4 times greater than in bare slopes). Sediment detachment, such as landslides, mudflows and piping, still occur, but are restricted to the degraded zones. Furthermore, even when sediments are mobilized from the upper degraded hillslopes during the larger storms events (2000–2010), check dams and the lower elevation restored forest‐buffers effectively work to reduce the sediment yield into the Carrión River by almost three orders of magnitude (<10² mg L^‐1), compared with data from the 1930s and 1940s (>10⁵ mg L^‐1). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seismic stability of earth-rock dams using finite element limit analysis     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2014

In this study, a finite element limit analysis method is developed to assess the seismic stability of earth-rock dams. A pseudo-static approach is employed within the limit analysis framework to determine the lower and upper bounds on the critical seismic coefficients of dams. The interlocking force in the soil is considered, and the rockfill material is assumed to follow the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion and an associated flow rule. Based on the native form of the failure criterion, the lower and upper bound theorems are formulated as second-order cone programming problems. The nonlinear shear strength properties of rockfill materials are also considered. The developed finite element limit analysis is applied to two different types of earth-rock dams. The results indicate that the rigorous lower and upper bounds are very close even for rockfill materials with large internal friction angles. The failure surfaces are easily predicted using the contour of the yield function and the displacement field obtained by the limit analysis method. In addition, the pore water pressures are modelled as external forces in the limit analysis to assess the seismic stability of earth-rock dams in the reservoir filling stage.  相似文献   

陕北黄河中游淤地坝拦沙功能失效的判断标准   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

高云飞  郭玉涛  刘晓燕  何兴照 《地理学报》2014,69(1):73-79

利用2011 年第一次全国水利普查中4157 座骨干坝数据、1989 年陕北淤地坝调查中1640座中小坝数据,分别计算了1950-2011 年期间骨干坝、1956-1989 年期间中小坝的逐年平均淤积比例,得到截至2011 年,1980 年前修建骨干坝的平均淤积比例基本稳定,平均值为0.77,1980 年后开始逐渐下降;截至1989 年,1980 年前修建中小坝的平均淤积比例基本稳定,平均值为0.88,1980 年后开始逐渐下降的变化趋势,确定平均淤积比例0.77、0.88 分别为骨干坝、中小坝拦沙能力失效的判断标准。利用陕北淤地坝调查数据计算得到的骨干坝拦沙功能失效判断一致;在无定河、延河流域,水文站输沙数据的变化趋势与淤地坝是否拦沙显著相关。最后从淤地坝工程结构的角度,剖析了排水排沙位置的改变是判断标准形成的原因。  相似文献   

大跨径拱桥被动减震控制的仿真分析     

李正英  李正良  熊辉  郭惠勇  周志祥 《地震工程与工程振动》2005,25(6):172-177

本文采用现代控制理论对设有耗能减震装置的拱桥结构进行被动减震控制仿真分析,给出了大跨度拱桥在多点激励下的运动微分方程,将拱桥简化成平面杆系模型,给出减震结构的状态方程,然后基于SIMULINK环境下对设有粘滞阻尼器的拱桥减震结构进行动态仿真分析,并考虑了行波效应对减震效果的影响。该方法较之传统的分析方法更简便、有效,分析结果表明设置了耗能器的拱桥结构地震反应有明显的降低。  相似文献   

Seismic behavior of concrete filled steel tubular arch structures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

熊峰  SashiKKunnatht  刘浩吾 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2005,4(1):107-115

Shaking table tests of a 1:10 scale arch model performed to investigate the seismic behavior and resistance ofconcrete filled steel tubular (CFT) arch structures are described in this paper. The El-Centro record and Shanghai artificial wave were adopted as the input excitation. The entire test process can be divided into three stages depending on the lateral brace configurations, i.e., fully (five) braced, two braces removed, and all braces removed. A total of 46 tests, starting from the elastic state to failure condition, have been conducted. The natural vibration frequencies, responses of acceleration, displacement and strain were measured. From the test results, it is demonstrated that the CFT arch structures are capable of resisting severe ground motions and that CFT arches offer a credible alternative to reinforced concrete arches, especially in regions of high seismic intensity.  相似文献   

泥石流拦砂坝底扬压力分布及影响因素试验     

陈兴长  陈慧  游勇  柳金峰 《岩土力学》2018,39(9):3229-3236

泥石流拦砂坝底的扬压力会抵消坝体的部分有效荷重,影响其抗倾覆稳定性。为了研究拦砂坝底扬压力的分布规律及其影响因素,设计制作了拦砂坝模型和扬压力采集系统,开展了不同沟床坡度和不同坝前堆积条件下的扬压力模拟试验。试验结果表明,扬压力自坝踵至坝趾不断减小,且与渗流距离呈线性关系,当坝前有堆积物时相关系数绝对值达到0.98以上;沟床坡度明显影响坝底扬压力的分布。随着沟床坡度的增加,扬压力不断减小,且对坝踵处扬压力的影响较坝趾处更大;坝底和坝前堆积物的渗透性对扬压力的影响也很显著,它们的渗透性越差,扬压力就越小;坝前堆积物的渗透性还显著影响扬压力的分布规律,渗透性越差,其分布规律性就越强。研究成果为深入研究泥石流拦砂坝底扬压力的作用过程和作用机制奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Dam-reservoir-massed foundation system and travelling wave along reservoir bottom     

H. Mirzabozorg  M. Varmazyari  M. Ghaemian 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010

In the present paper, effects of non-uniform excitation due to spatially variation of seismic waves under the reservoir bottom on linear and nonlinear responses of arch dams are studied. Foundation is assumed to be massed and infinite elements are utilized to model semi-infinite medium via the far-end boundary of the foundation FE model. A continuum crack propagation model based on the smeared crack approach in 3D space is introduced. Reservoir's water is assumed compressible and the coupled system is solved using the staggered method. As a case study, Amir-Kabir double curvature arch dam in Iran is selected to investigate seismic behavior of the system. Two cases are analyzed in which wave travelling velocities are taken as 650 m/s and infinity. According to the results, non-uniform excitation leads to reduction in seismic response of the system and, in addition, frequency content of the response is different completely in comparison with the system under the uniform excitation.  相似文献