Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in transplanted Manila clams (Tapes philippinarum) from the Lagoon of Venice as assessed by PAHs/shell weight index: A preliminary study     

Rossella Boscolo  Federica Cacciatore  Otello Giovanardi 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,55(10-12):485

Variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels was assessed in Tapes philippinarum from the Lagoon of Venice. Clams were transplanted from a polluted area next to Porto Marghera to two rearing areas of the Southern Lagoon. Analyses of PAHs were made in sediments and clams by GC/MS at first sampling and after 30, 60 and 180 days. Principal component analysis was performed to elucidate bioaccumulation and depuration pattern and input sources. Biota-Sediment-Accumulation-Factor (BSAF) was applied to evaluate the PAHs input sources from sediment. Condition index was calculated to compare the seasonal variation of clam tissue to PAHs levels. To propose results not affected by seasonal changes in flesh weight of clams, the approach based on the calculation of PAHs/SW index was applied. From the results, it was concluded that PAHs/SW index is more recommendable to asses temporal variation of PAHs levels in Manila clams.  相似文献   

下古生界海相碳酸盐岩干酪根成熟度研究方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾凡刚  程克明 《地学前缘》2000,(Z2)

中国下古生界海相碳酸盐岩干酪根成熟度研究是目前在油气勘探过程中讨论的热点和难点问题之一 ,如何认识下古生界烃源岩中有机质热演化始终是一个悬而未决的问题。通过对以往常规成熟度指标的探讨 ,以及深入研究下古生界海相碳酸盐岩干酪根的特殊性 ,笔者提出了 3种最新方法 :(1)利用干酪根固体13 CNMR所测算的干酪根结构参数芳核平均结构尺寸Xb 较准确地反映碳酸盐岩的热成熟度 ;(2 )双金刚烷指标XMD作为高—过成熟碳酸盐烃源岩成熟度衡量标尺 ;(3)海相镜质组反射率能很好地反映缺乏陆源镜质体的下古生界碳酸盐岩的成熟度。利用这些成果对华北地区下古生界成熟度进行了测定 ,与地质背景甚为吻合 ,效果很好。证明它们确是评价下古生界海相碳酸盐岩干酪根成熟度行之有效的新方法。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地北缘中侏罗统石门沟组煤中多环芳烃分布特征及其地质意义     

谢文泉  贾建亮  刘招君 《地质学报》2023,97(7):2363-2377

多环芳烃(PAHs)是古环境、古野火以及古气候的重要地质记录,本文通过气相色谱质谱法(GC- MS)研究了柴达木盆地北缘中侏罗统石门沟组煤中多环芳烃分布特征,检测出一系列二环至七环芳烃化合物,包括高等植物衍生多环芳烃(卡达烯、6- 异丙基- 1- 异己基- 2- 甲基萘、惹烯、西蒙内利烯以及二氢惹烯)和燃烧衍生多环芳烃(荧蒽、芘、苯并\[a\]蒽、、苯并荧蒽、苯并\[e\]芘、苯并\[a\]芘、茚并\[cd\]芘、苯并\[ghi\]苝和晕苯)等。这些多环芳烃的检出表明石门沟组煤沉积于具有显著陆源高等植物输入的微咸水湖沼环境,成熟度较低(平均随机反射率为056%)。石门沟组煤中高等植物衍生多环芳烃以极高的惹烯含量为特征,且存在较高丰度的西蒙内利烯和二氢惹烯,卡达烯丰度极低,反映出成煤期陆地植被类型以松柏类植物的针叶林为主,气候温暖湿润。同时,煤中丰富的燃烧衍生多环芳烃证实了柴达木盆地北缘中侏罗世存在广泛的陆地古野火,较高的大气氧气浓度(256%)可能是该时期野火频发的一个重要诱因。本次研究为柴达木盆地中侏罗世古野火事件的研究提供了重要的分子化石证据,也是对中侏罗世古环境和古气候研究的有益补充。  相似文献   

南海北部近海柱状沉积物多环芳烃组成及来源分析     

高苑  夏嘉  司徒嘉杰  谭靖千  王思波  王遥平 《广东海洋大学学报》2021,(2)

【目的】研究南海北部近海区域柱状沉积物多环芳烃组成及分布特征,讨论全新世早期火历史及气候变化。【方法】利用AMS ¹⁴C定年技术结合有机地球化学分析手段对全新世早期南海北部近海沉积物柱状样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)分布特征进行研究。【结果】南海北部近海沉积物中16种PAHs总浓度范围为8.58~17.48 ng/g,在约10000 a B.P.的全新世早期呈现先增大后减小波动变化,与TOC变化基本同步。【结论】沉积物中多环芳烃主要来源于南海北部近海陆源区域自然火灾产生的焦炭残渣。PAHs的沉积浓度变化间接指示了全新世早期东亚季风的强度变化。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩沥青"A"的地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙敏卓  龙国徽  孟仟祥  郑建京  王国仓  房嬛  王作栋 《岩矿测试》2011,30(5):623-630

塔里木盆地采集的海相碳酸盐岩样品经粉碎后在索氏抽提器中用氯仿溶液抽提,正己烷沉淀沥青质后,可溶有机质进行柱色层族组成分离,获得饱和烃、芳烃、非烃,饱和烃和芳烃直接进行气相色谱-质谱分析,非烃经三氟化硼-甲醇混合液酯化后进行气相色谱-质谱分析。结果显示,样品有机质的演化程度高,母质类型以水生生物为主,台地相成烃古环境为富含单质硫的微生物发育的咸化深水还原环境。样品有机质经历过强烈的环化-芳构化过程和去甲基化过程有利于以甲烷为主的天然气的生成。样品的芳烃馏分中检测到C31-16-one、C33-16-one和C35-18-one长链中位酮化合物,推断这些长链中位酮可能是有机酸盐存在的特征生物标识化合物。  相似文献   

Assessment of lysosomal membrane stability and peroxisome proliferation in the head kidney of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) following long-term exposure to produced water components     

Holth TF  Beckius J  Zorita I  Cajaraville MP  Hylland K 《Marine environmental research》2011,72(3):127-134

There is a need for sensitive biological effect methods by which to detect impacts of chronic exposure to low concentrations of contaminants. Two methods shown to be potentially useful for monitoring purposes in fish include lysosomal membrane stability and peroxisome proliferation. These biological endpoints were assessed in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) head kidney following exposure to a mixture of produced water components including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenol, and alkylphenols. Lysosomal damage of head kidney cells occurred within the first two weeks and did not recover during the entire exposure period (32 weeks). Lysosomal membrane stability was not affected by gender and was responsive at low concentrations of contamination, indicating that lysosomal membrane stability measured in the head kidney could be a useful biomarker for effects of offshore pollution. Peroxisome proliferation, measured as acyl-CoA oxidase activity in the head kidney, appeared to be a potential biomarker in male cod exposed less than 16 weeks.  相似文献   

Seasonal differences in the physiology of Carcinus maenas (Crustacea: Decapoda) from estuaries with varying levels of anthropogenic contamination     

Awantha Dissanayake  Tamara S. Galloway  Malcolm B. Jones 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

This study reports the seasonal variability in aspects of the physiology of the shore crab Carcinus maenas from three estuaries in South-west England, each with varying anthropogenic inputs: Avon Estuary (‘relatively low’ impact), Yealm Estuary (‘intermediate’ impact) and Plym Estuary (‘relatively high’ impact). Crabs collected over 12 months from the Avon had a significantly ‘lower’ physiological condition in winter and spring compared to summer and autumn; in particular, haemocyte phagocytic capability (a general indicator of immune function) was significantly higher in winter and spring compared to summer and autumn, and total haemolymph antioxidant status (an indicator of oxidative stress) was significantly lower in winter compared to the remainder of the year. Potentially, shore crabs may be more susceptible to the effects of contaminant exposure, such as increased immunotoxicity (thus, reduction of immune function) and/or oxyradicals (or reactive oxygen species) exposure) especially in seasons of increased susceptibility i.e. summer/autumn (lower phagocytic capability) and winter (lowest antioxidant function). As the Avon was taken to represent the ‘reference’ site, this pattern is considered to reflect the ‘normal’ seasonal variability in shore crab physiology. Shore crab physiological condition from the ‘relatively high’ impact estuary (Plym) revealed increased cellular viability and antioxidant status in autumn and winter compared with that of the ‘standard’ pattern (Avon) However, crabs from the intermediate impact estuary (Yealm) only demonstrated significant physiological differences in summer as shown by a lower cellular viability. All crabs had been exposed to PAHs (confirmed by the presence of PAH metabolites in their urine) which may account for the observed differences in shore crab physiology. In conclusion, to aid understanding of the potential contaminant impacts on biota it is imperative that the ’normal’ seasonal variability of physiological condition be established. Biological effects-based monitoring studies should therefore be employed seasonally to potentially highlight ‘windows of sensitivity’ to contaminant impact.  相似文献   

Environmental records of snow pits in Yuzhufeng Glacier and Xiao Dongkemadi Glacier in the Tibetan Plateau     

QuanLian Li  XiaoBo Wu  JianChen Pu  JianQiao He 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(5):0392-0399

The contents and distribution characteristics of ions, n-alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in snow pits on the Yuzhufeng (YZF) Glacier and the Xiao Dongkemadi (XDKMD) Glacier are studied. Parameter characteristics and correlation coefficients between ions and two organic compounds are used to explore the possible sources of these chemical compositions. The results indicated that both glaciers are influenced by west wind circulation, but the contents of ions, n-alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the YZF Glacier are higher than in the XDKMD Glacier because of differences in geographical position. The ratios of ΣnC₂₁^–/ΣnC₂₂⁺ and CPI values (CPI: carbon preference index) indicate that the n-alkanes from natural sources in these two glaciers are mainly derived from higher plants, whereas the contribution from lower organisms was small, also, n-alkanes from anthropogenic sources in the YZF Glacier are higher than in the XDKMD Glacier. The ratios of LPAHs/HPAHs and (Fly+Pyr)/(BghiP+INP) indicate that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in these two glaciers are mainly derived from low temperature combustion of coal and biomass, and, in the XDKMD Glacier, partially from the vehicle exhaust.  相似文献   

广西三娘湾海域表层沉积物多环芳烃特征及风险评价     

庞国涛  阎琨  李伟 《中国地质调查》2021,8(5):95-100

为研究广西三娘湾海域表层沉积物有机质中烃类化合物的分布特征及来源,于2019年10月在三娘湾海域采集了表层沉积物样品,利用加速溶剂萃取GC-MSD法对沉积物中的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析。结果表明: 三娘湾海域表层沉积物样品中多环芳烃的含量为37~241.8 ng/g,总体处于含量较低的水平,但与往年相比研究区PAHs含量增加明显。通过组分分析等方法进行PAHs的来源分析,结果指示其主要来源为燃烧源,夹杂石油源的混合来源; 通过效应区间法对多环芳烃进行生态风险评价,认为其总体处于风险较低的水平。综合研究表明,三娘湾海域总体生态环境较好,但人类活动对多环芳烃含量及分布特征的影响较明显,需要持续关注。  相似文献   

Historical records and the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the East China Sea     

《China Geology》2018,1(4):505-511

The coastal cities are the most advanced regions in China. In the past few decades, the environment changed very significantly due to large scale human activities in the coastal regions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three dated sediment cores from the west coast of the Yellow Sea (core A01), the Yangtze River estuary (YRE; core A02) and the Oujiang River estuary (ORE; core A03) were analyzed to reconstruct the environmental evolutionary process of the east China coastal region over the past century. In the three cores, PAHs concentrations were increased rapidly. Lower concentrations of PAHs were measured in core A02 than in cores A01 and A03. The vertical variation of PAHs in the YRE was dominated by the petrogenic sources. Historical records of PAHs in the ORE were controlled by pyrolytic sources. PAHs on the west coast of the Yellow Sea were contributed by the two sources.  相似文献