黄河下游鲁北平原地下水砷浓度空间变异特征与成因     

刘春华  张光辉  杨丽芝  卫政润  刘中业  陈相霖  张卓 《地球学报》2013,34(4):470-476

依据2006—2009年间采集的区内1092件浅层地下水无机分析和现场测试数据,采用地统计学分析方法,分析了黄河下游冲积平原地下水中砷的空间变异特征及在人类活动影响下的污染现状。全区26.65%的样品砷含量超过饮用水标准,超标区域面积占全区总面积的17.3%。浅层地下水中砷的统计特征表明砷的离散程度和变异系数均较高;空间变异特征显示砷在空间上的分布各向异性,砷含量分布差异与地下水流向关系不密切,不同浓度的分布主要受原生条件和污染源的影响;区内约7%的浅层地下水样品砷的浓度由人类活动影响形成,其中12%的砷污染样品源于养殖场砷污染,养殖场内浅层地下水砷检出率、超标率均为全区的2倍;砷污染源包括农村分散养殖场牲畜废弃物排放、含砷农药的施用、工业污水的不达标排放等。  相似文献   

Arsenic and other water‐quality issues affecting groundwater,Indus alluvial plain,Pakistan          下载免费PDF全文

Sadaf Naseem  John M. McArthur 《水文研究》2018,32(9):1235-1253

Groundwater beneath the alluvial plain of the Indus River, Pakistan, is reported to be widely polluted by arsenic (As) and to adversely affect human health. In 79 groundwaters reported here from the lower Indus River plain in southern Sindh Province, concentrations of As exceeded the WHO guideline value for drinking water of 10 μg/L in 38%, with 22% exceeding 50 μg/L, Pakistan's guideline value. The As pollution is caused by microbially‐mediated reductive dissolution of sedimentary iron oxyhydroxides in anoxic groundwaters; oxic groundwaters contain <10 μg/L of As. In the upper Indus River plain, in Punjab Province, localized As pollution of groundwater occurs by alkali desorption as a consequence of ion exchange in groundwater, possibly supplemented by the use for irrigation of groundwater that has suffered ion exchange in the aquifer and so has values >0 for residual sodium carbonate. In the field area in southern Sindh, concentrations of Mn in groundwater exceed 0.4 mg/L in 11% of groundwaters, with a maximum of 0.7 mg/L, as a result of reduction of sedimentary manganese oxides. Other trace elements pose little or no threat to human health. Salinities in groundwaters range from fresh to saline (electrical conductivity up to 6 mS/cm). High salinities result from local inputs of waste water from unsewered sanitation but mainly from evaporation/evapotranspiration of canal water and groundwater used for irrigation. The process does not concentrate As in the groundwater owing to sorption of As to soils. Ion exchange exerts a control on concentrations of Na, Ca, and B but not directly on As. High values of Cl/Br mass ratios (most ?288, the marine value) reflect the pervasive influence on groundwater of sewage‐contaminated water from irrigation canals through seepage loss and deep percolation of irrigation water, with additional, well‐specific, contributions from unsewered sanitation.  相似文献   

浙江北部地区地下水高氟和高砷分布特点和建议     

姜月华  李云  周迅  贾军元  周权平  李云峰 《火山地质与矿产》2010,(2):120-126

在分析了浙江北部地区地下水类型、特征、地下水开采现状和水位变化基础上,通过对不同类型地下水深井样品测试数据的研究,查明了区域地下水高氟和高砷的分布特点。高氟区主要出现于妙西花岗岩裂隙水和白雀岩溶水分布区,高砷区主要位于南浔第Ⅱ承压含水层局部区域。研究认为高氟和高砷地下水分布区与区域土壤和浅层地下水中总氟和总砷含量没有直接联系,深井地下水中的高氟和高砷主要与深部断裂构造有关。研究地区的这种高氟和高砷地下水目前仍然为很多居民所饮用,作者认为长期饮用这种高氟和高砷地下水容易导致地方病的产生,建议在高氟和高砷地下水分布区停止生活用水开采,有条件的企事业单位应实行改水方案。  相似文献   

Arsenic Removal from Pinctada martensii Enzymatic Hydrolysate by Using Zr(Ⅳ)-Loaded Chelating Resin     

YANG Xiaoman  DAI Wenjin  SUN Huili  PAN Jianyu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2013,12(3)

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The influence of salinity on toxicological effects of arsenic in digestive gland of clam Ruditapes philippinarum using metabolomics     

吉成龙  吴惠丰  刘小莉  赵建民  于君宝  尹秀丽 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(2):345-352

Ruditapes philippinarum,a clam that thrives in intertidal zones of various salinities,is a useful biomonitor to marine contaminants.We investigated the influence of dilution to 75% and 50% of normal seawater salinity(31.1) on the responses of the digestive gland of R.philippinarum to arsenic exposure(20 μg/L),using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based metabolomics.After acute arsenic exposure for 48 h,salinity-dependent differential metabolic responses were detected.In normal seawater,arsenic exposure increased the concentrations of branched-chain amino acids,and of threonine,proline,phosphocholine and adenosine,and it decreased the levels of alanine,hypotaurine,glucose,glycogen and ATP in the digestive glands.Differential changes in metabolic biomarkers observed at lower salinity(～23.3) included elevation of succinate,taurine and ATP,and depletion of branched-chain amino acids,threonine and glutamine.Unique effects of arsenic at the lowest salinity(～15.6) included down-regulation of glutamate,succinate and ADP,and up-regulation of phosphocholine.We conclude that salinity influences the metabolic responses of this clam to arsenic.  相似文献   

A sand control and development model in sandy land based on mixed experiments of arsenic sandstone and sand: A case study in Mu Us Sandy Land in China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ni Wang  Jiancang Xie  Jichang Han 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2013,23(6):700-707

Serious desertification caused by human activity and climate change, in addition to water loss and soil erosion related to arsenic sandstone in the Mu Us Sandy Land, lead to severe scarcity of soil and water resources, which causes worse local agricultural conditions accordingly. Many physical properties of arsenic sandstone is complementary with that of sand, arsenic sandstone is therefore supposed to be blended to enhance water productivity and arability of sandy land. Container experiments are carried out to study the enhancement of water holding capacity of the mixture, the blending ratio of arsenic sandstone and sand, and the proper size of the arsenic sandstone particles, respectively. The results of the experiments show that particle size of 4 cm with a ratio of 1 ： 2 between arsenic sandstone and sand are the proper parameters on blending. Both water content and fertility increase after blending. Water use efficiency in the mixture is 2.7 times higher than that in sand by the water release curves from experiments. Therefore, a new sand control and development model, including arsenic sandstone blending with sand, efficient water irrigation management and reasonable farming system, is put forward to control and develop sandy land so that water-saving agriculture could be developed. Demonstration of potato planting about 153.1 ha in area in the Mu Us Sandy Land in China indicates that water consumption is 3018 m3/ha in the whole growth period. It means that about 61% of irrigation water can be saved compared with water use in coarse sand without treatment. Recycle economic mode and positive feedback of sand resource-crop planting-soil resource are constructed, which changes sand into arable soil and make it possible to develop water-saving agriculture on it. The proposed model will be helpful for soil-water resources utilization and management in the Mu Us Sandy Land.  相似文献   

污染农田中植物的砷含量及其健康风险评估--以湖南郴州邓家塘为例   总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22  

谢华  廖晓勇  陈同斌  林鉴钊 《地理研究》2005,24(1):151-159

本研究系统调查了湖南郴州邓家塘砷污染区水稻田抛荒后自然恢复的植被和旱地(蔬菜)两大农业土地利用类型的植物中砷含量,分析了当地居民砷暴露途径,并进行污染区健康风险评估。结果表明:砷污染程度对抛荒农田自然恢复植被类型有显著影响。在轻度污染条件下,植物物种数量中等但总生物量最大;在中度污染条件下,植物物种数量最多;在严重污染条件下,植物物种数量最少且总生物量最小。恶性杂草雀稗是自然恢复植被物种丰富度的直接控制因子。当地蔬菜可食部位砷浓度超标现象严重,呈现出叶菜类>葱蒜类>根茎类>果菜类的趋势。人体通过食用蔬菜摄入的砷量在春夏和秋冬季节分别为每日41μg/kg体重和每日29μg/kg体重,都超过了WHO限定的安全标准(每日21μg/kg体重)。  相似文献   

阳宗海硅藻群落对水体污染和水文调控的长期响应模式   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

陶建霜  陈光杰  陈小林  陈丽  黄林培  刘园园  施海彬  胡葵  王教元  康文刚 《地理研究》2016,35(10):1899-1911

在人类活动持续干扰的背景下,云南部分湖泊面临着污染物输入增加的环境压力,特别是营养盐富集和重金属污染。以云南地区遭受过严重工业污染的阳宗海为研究对象,通过沉积物硅藻群落、砷浓度、营养元素与稳定同位素、粒度等多指标分析,结合文献记录和湖泊调查结果,揭示了阳宗海硅藻群落对湖泊富营养化和砷污染的长期响应特征,并识别了不同时期的主要环境压力与其驱动强度。结果表明：长期的营养盐累积使得浮游硅藻逐渐占据优势地位,且耐污染的底栖硅藻种的快速增加与砷污染出现的时段一致。在阳宗海长期富营养化的背景下,当水体砷污染物浓度达到一定阈值水平后,硅藻群落结构的改变和多样性的降低都指示了湖泊生态系统发生了灾难性的转变。同时1965年开始的湖泊引水工程导致了贫营养种的突然增加。因此,水体富营养化、重金属污染与湖泊水文调控是导致阳宗海硅藻群落长期变化的主控因子,对阳宗海的生态修复与综合治理需要综合考虑不同胁迫因子的长期影响与驱动作用。  相似文献   

原子荧光光谱法测定土壤和水系沉积物国家标准物质中砷   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

郭敬华  马辉  王水锋 《岩矿测试》2009,28(2):182-184

用王水浸提法和硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸混合酸消解法处理样品,原子荧光光度光谱法测定土壤和水系沉积物国家标准物质样品中的砷。方法检出限为0.02 mg/kg。两种前处理方法砷的测定值与标准值相符,均可以满足土壤和水系沉积物样品中砷含量的测定要求。单纯测定样品中砷含量时,王水浸提法更好;如果在测定砷同时还要测定其他元素,则可以选用混合酸消解法。  相似文献   

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中的砷锑铋   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马玲  查立新  冯玲玲  刘文长 《岩矿测试》2009,28(5):497-498

样品经王水溶矿分解,在氨水存在下,以Fe3+作共沉淀剂分离铜后,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石中的砷、锑、铋。方法检出限为砷0.19μg/g、锑0.052μg/g、铋0.049μg/g;精密度(RSD,n=10)为砷5.87%、锑7.58%、铋2.42%。  相似文献