Delivering pro-poor water and sanitation services: The technical and political challenges in Malawi and Zambia     

Eric Gutierrez 《Geoforum》2007,38(5):886-900

Meeting Millennium Development Goals on water and sanitation services in developing countries are fraught with difficulties, as can be seen most clearly from the experiences of Malawi and Zambia, two of the world’s poorest countries that have committed to meeting these goals. The challenges are not only technical, requiring programmatic or engineering solutions, but are also and most importantly political, because solutions will most often cause a rearrangement of the peculiar forms of power relations that have emerged within institutional and political environments of the two countries. The challenges include weak state support for water and sanitation provision, unreliable and contested indicators of coverage, poor sectoral co-ordination, and fragmented donor efforts. This field note examines these challenges in greater detail to cast new light as well as draw attention to possible solutions that can be implemented.  相似文献   

变异函数在异常空间插值中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

程勖  杨毅恒  丁建华  李楠 《世界地质》2007,26(3):298-303

针对数据空间架构中异常点对地质数据解译过程的干扰，以协方差数学理论为基础，提出界定空间数据分布方法-变异函数。着重阐述变异函数的求取过程，对新疆贝克滩水系沉积物化探数据处理，预测误差均值为0．1032、平均预测标准差为21．12、标准均方根预测误差为0．9841。预测值与样品实测值误差较小，界定的空间数据分布与实际矿床（点）分布吻合较好。  相似文献   

2006年新疆地质矿产勘查进展及2007年工作要点   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董连慧  李凤鸣 《新疆地质》2007,25(1):1-3

2006年是新疆地质矿产勘查“十一五”规划实施的第一年,地质勘查投入进一步加大,钠硝石找矿取得了重大突破,铁、铅锌、铜镍及煤的找矿也取得了重要进展,基础地质工作程度进一步提高,高新技术方法的应用得到加强,“环准噶尔”和“环塔里木”控制铜、铜镍、铅锌、铁等矿床重要成矿类型的规律逐渐显现.2007年将突出“环准噶尔”和“环塔里木”两个新领域的找矿工作,加快构建基础科研、高新技术应用研究、矿产勘查等相配套的科学的地质勘查体系.  相似文献   

垂向非均匀介质中转换波转换点计算          下载免费PDF全文

陈雨红  魏修成 《地球物理学报》2007,50(4):1225-1231

转换点位置的计算是转换波资料处理中的一个关键问题. 本文提出了分别基于速度随深度线性变化、速度随垂直走时线性变化、慢度随深度线性变化和慢度随垂直走时线性变化四种等效垂向非均匀介质情况下转换点位置的计算方法. 研究了通过速度拟合、走时近似和相似系数谱三种方式选择合适的等效速度方法. 结合理论模型对非均匀介质转换点计算方法、渐进转换点计算方法、Thomsen近似公式和均匀介质解析计算方法的误差进行了分析，结果表明非均匀介质转换点计算方法能更准确地计算转换点位置.  相似文献   

地磁Z分量低点时间季节性变化研究     

李金龙  邹振轩  于俊宜 《地震地磁观测与研究》2007,28(6):19-23

通过小波分析和频谱分析,发现Z分量低点时间的小波变换结果曲线(α=6)明显地随节气而变化;对地磁Z分量低点时间季节性变化进行了初步的比较分析.  相似文献   

Road Surface Modeling and Representation from Point Cloud Based on Fuzzy Clustering   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZHANG Yi YAN Li 《地球空间信息科学学报》2007,10(4):276-281

A scheme for an automatic road surface modeling from a noisy point cloud is presented. The normal vectors of the point cloud are estimated by distance-weighted fitting of local plane. Then, an automati...  相似文献   

广州市CORS系统的精度分析和应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王齐林 《全球定位系统》2007,32(5):39-41

采用虚拟参考站技术，结合应用广州市似大地水准面精化成果；对系统进行了精度分析，并以实例说明该系统实现了实时三维城市定位的功能。  相似文献   

基于距离变换的提取和识别点状符号的方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈飞  胡鹏  王秀芳  王坤 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(12):1172-1175

提出了一种基于距离变换提取和识别点状符号的新方法。首先对分版图的提取结果进行优化处理，然后根据弯曲密度和线划密度等特征，进一步过滤掉不满足点状符号特征的线划。为了更准确地度量图像间的相似性，提出了加权距离函数，并用该函数值为度量标准进行模板匹配以识别符号。该算法较好地解决了字线粘连、背景复杂等情况下的点状符号提取和识别问题，识别准确率较高。  相似文献   

RTK在航测像控点测量中的应用     

程俊  刘怀文李梦 《东北测绘》2007,30(6):150-152

重点介绍了RTK技术在航测像控点测量中的应用，同时对GPSRTK技术的原理，软、硬件配置以及操作流程等方面也进行了简要阐述。通过应用并分析得出，GPSRTK技术完全可以满足航测像控点测量的精度要求，并且与常规方法相比具有很大的优越性，具有广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

Analysis of the impact of conservation measures on stream flow regime in catchments of the Loess Plateau,China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Xingmin Mu  Lu Zhang  Tim R. McVicar  Basang Chille  Peng Gau 《水文研究》2007,21(16):2124-2134

Catchments in the Loess Plateau have been under the influence of human activities for centuries. In the last four decades, soil conservation measures have accelerated and intensified. These measures were designed to reduce soil erosion, improve agricultural productivity, and enhance environmental quality. It is important to evaluate the effects of these measures on hydrology in order to develop sustainable catchment management plans in the region. This study evaluated changes in stream flow data for four selected catchments in the Loess Plateau following large‐scale soil conservation measures. The non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test was used to identify trends in annual stream flow and the results showed significant downward trends in three of the four catchments. The Pettitt test indicated that a change point occurred in 1978 in these three catchments. Annual precipitation in all the catchments showed no significant trend during the period of record. Comparison of daily flow duration curves for two 20‐year periods (1957–1978) and (1979–2003) showed significant changes in stream flow regime. Reduction in most percentile flows varied between 20 and 45%, and the reduction in low flows was greatest. Overall, the reductions in daily flow were increasing with time, with significant changes occurring in the 1990s. However, it is not clear whether these catchments have seen the full effects of the soil conservation measures, so the results of this study might underestimate the final impact of soil conservation on stream flow regime. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献