Carbon isotopic composition of individual n-alkanes in asphaltene pyrolysates of biodegraded crude oils from the Liaohe Basin, China     

Yongqiang Xiong  Ansong Geng   《Organic Geochemistry》2000,31(12):147

Biodegraded oils are widely distributed in the Liaohe basin, China. In order to develop effective oil-source correlation tools specifically for the biodegraded oils, carbon isotopic compositions of individual n-alkanes from crude oils and their asphaltene pyrolysates have been determined using the gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry technique. No significant fractionation in the stable carbon isotopic ratios of n-alkanes in the pyrolysates of oil asphaltenes was found for anhydrous pyrolysis carried out at temperatures below 340°C. This suggests that the stable carbon isotopic distribution of n-alkanes (particularly in the C₁₆–C₂₉ range) in the asphaltene pyrolysates can be used as a correlation tool for severely biodegraded oils from the Liaohe Basin. Comparison of the n-alkane isotopic compositions of the oils with those of asphaltene pyrolysates shows that this is a viable method for the differentiation of organic facies variation and post-generation alterations.  相似文献   

大鹏湾叶绿素与生态因子灰关联分析   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

黄伟建  黄贯虹  江天久  齐雨藻 《海洋学报》2000,22(1):136-140

海水中叶绿素含量和浮游植物(藻类)的个体密度都是海域中初级生产者现存量的指标,这些初级生产者数量的多寡与该海区初级生产力的大小密切相关,其生产力直接或间接地影响水域中其他生物的生产力.  相似文献   

Plasma steroid levels in female flounder (Platichthys flesus) after chronic dietary exposure to single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons     

P. R. R. Monteiro  M. A. Reis-Henriques  J. Coimbra 《Marine environmental research》2000,49(5)

The chronic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on ovary development, total hepatic lipids and plasma sex- and corticosteroid levels in female flounder (Platichthys flesus) were examined. Sexually mature feral female flounder were exposed via the diet to phenanthrene (0.5, 2.5 or 12.5 nmol/g food) or chrysene (0.4 nmol/g food) for 12 weeks, during the previtellogenic phase of the annual reproductive cycle. PAH exposure did not directly affect germ cell development since no structural and/or developmental differences were observed between control and exposed fish. On the contrary, all treatments resulted in altered plasma steroid levels. The most pronounced effect was the significant decrease in plasma 17β-estradiol to 19±11%, 27±7%, 63±20% and 61±12% in relation to control fish, respectively, in flounders exposed to 12.5, 2.5 or 0.5 nmol phenanthrene/g food and 0.4 nmol chrysene/g food. Impaired ovarian growth was not observed, most likely because experiments were ended before the period of vitellogenesis, even though a non-significant general decline in total hepatic lipids could be observed. Moreover, all exposed flounders, except fish fed with the highest amount of phenanthrene, showed a negative correlation between plasma 17β-estradiol and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone levels (r=−0.46). One possible explanation is that PAH action may be mediated by a specific inhibition of steroidogenic enzymes. These findings provide evidence that selected PAHs are antiestrogenic xenobiotics with the capability to impair female teleost reproductive function.  相似文献   

相关型岩土参数分析和选用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张润明  郑文棠 《岩土力学》2013,34(7):1995-1999

岩土参数与应力环境、沉积条件、风化程度和埋藏条件等因素相关,其统计值具有空间变异性和相关性,采用非相关型岩土统计参数进行岩土工程设计具有不经济性。通过分析岩土参数的变化规律及与其相关的主要因素,说明岩土参数可用深度或参数与地层顶面或底面的距离作为相关参数进行相关型判别,论述相关型参数的判定标准和相关型标准值的计算方法,采用图解法分析相关型参数多种取值方法的可靠性。以华南某核电厂常规岛地基和某变电站边坡为例,介绍了相关型岩土参数标准值经验公式在岩土设计优化中的应用。分析表明：具有规律性变化的岩土参数宜选择恰当的相关参数划分为相关型,相关参数可取参数与地层顶面或底面的距离,相关型岩土参数标准值可使岩土设计方案更具合理性和经济性。  相似文献   

Natural Heritage value of Xinjiang Tianshan and global comparative analysis     

Adayi Saiken 《山地科学学报》2012,9(2):262-273

Xinjiang Tianshan is a serial natural property that has been nominated for World Heritage status.This paper presents a systematically comprehensive and comparative analysis of the heritage resources of Xinjiang Tianshan according to the World Heritage criteria.Its biological,ecological and aesthetic values,which are of global importance, are documented.It is concluded that Xinjiang Tianshan meets the world heritage criteria(vii)and (ix).Xinjiang Tianshan is compared with other mountain world heritage sites,mountains in Central Asia,the Tianshan Mountains outside China,and with the protected areas of the Tianshan Mountains on the Tentative List for World Heritage Sites,so as to provide objective data for the world heritage application.  相似文献   

内蒙古东部扎兰屯地区的b值时空变化特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩晓明  薛丁  赵星 《地震》2012,32(3):142-149

内蒙古东部的扎兰屯地区位于大兴安岭地震带北段,区域地质构造复杂,历史及现代中强地震较为活跃。本文以该地区地震活动作为研究对象,在区域地震序列完整性分析基础上,用最小二乘法进行b值时间扫描计算,用最大似然法进行b值空间扫描计算。时间扫描中的b值为每个扫描窗口内研究区的平均b值,因此其变化幅度不大,b值变化范围基本维系在0.78～1.13,误差范围为0.04～0.065。空间扫描结果显示,扎兰屯地区b值空间分布范围基本维系在0.4～1.8,误差范围为0.045～0.085;低b值区域为阿伦河断裂中北段,b值大致分布在0.5～0.7,表明该区域地壳介质处于高水平应力积累状态,可能是未来发生中强以上地震的危险区域。  相似文献   

Increasing the effectiveness of electrical resistivity tomography using γ11n configurations          下载免费PDF全文

I. Lemperger  M. Metwaly  Á. Kis  V. Wesztergom  K. Szokoli  A. Novák 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(2):508-524

A new array type, i.e., the γ_11n arrays, is introduced in this paper, in which the sequence of the current (C) and potential (P) electrodes is CPCP, and the distance between the last two electrodes is n times the distance between the first two ones and that of the second one and the third one. These arrays are called quasinull arrays because they are—according to their array and behaviour—between the traditional and null arrays. It is shown by numerical modelling that, in detecting small‐effect inhomogeneity, these configurations may be more effective than the traditional ones, including the optimized Stummer configuration. Certain γ_11n configurations—especially the γ₁₁₂, γ_113, and γ₁₁₄—produced better results both in horizontal and vertical resolution investigations. Based on the numerical studies, the γ_11n configurations seem to be very promising in problems where the anomalies are similar to the numerically investigated ones, i.e., they can detect and characterize, e.g., tunnels, caves, cables, tubes, abandoned riverbeds, or discontinuity, in a clay layer with greater efficacy than those of the traditional configurations. γ_11n measurements need less data than traditional configurations; therefore, the time demand of electrical resistivity tomography measurements can be shortened by their use.  相似文献   

福建仙山泥炭距今1400 a以来的α-纤维素δ13C记录及其气候意义     

雷国良  朱芸  姜修洋  李志忠  靳建辉  方克艳  宋瑞卿 《地理科学》2014,34(8):1018-1024

基于对福建屏南仙山泥炭沉积物中物理化学性质十分稳定的α-纤维素的提取及其碳同位素分析,重建了研究区距今1 400 a以来的气候演化历史。研究结果显示：仙山泥炭钻孔中α-纤维素δ¹³C值的变化范围为-26.6‰~-11.3‰,其大幅度的波动特征主要与区域降水控制的盆地沉积环境变化有关,当降水偏多时盆地积水形成类似湖泊的水下沉积环境,沉积物中有机质主要来源于δ¹³C值偏重的沉水植物;反之则以δ¹³C值偏轻的沼泽植物为主。依据AMS¹⁴C测年的结果,距今1 400 a以来研究区经历了气候偏湿（AD 600~910年）-偏干（AD 910~1640年）-偏湿（AD 1640年至今）3个变化阶段。在数十年至百年时间尺度上,纤维素δ¹³C记录中出现的降水减少时期与太阳活动极小期（中世纪极小期、欧特极小期、沃夫极小期、史波勒极小期、蒙德极小期和道尔顿极小期）一一对应,两者呈现正相关关系,揭示太阳活动的减弱是控制研究区降水减少的主要因素,为预测区域降水变化趋势提供了依据。  相似文献   

祁连山-六盘山地震带测震学参数分析     

李福利 《防灾减灾学报》2014,(4):24-26

测震学参数是目前常用的确定某区域内地震活动时、空、强特点、判断未来某区域地震活动趋势的主要方法。本文对祁连山—六盘山地震带中一些测震学参数b值、D值、A（b）值及gL值进行了分析研究,提出了该区域内中强震发生前以上四种测震学参数的变化特征,为今后利用测震学参数准确把握该带地震活动趋势提供了依据。  相似文献   

由多地震活动参数分析晋冀蒙交界地区长期地震危险性   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

武敏捷  朱红彬  林向东  韩孔艳 《地震地磁观测与研究》2014,(3):57-62

根据晋冀蒙交界近33年的区域台网地震资料,运用最大似然法,分别计算并绘制晋冀蒙交界1980年、1990年、2000年以来 b 值空间扫描图像,结果显示,低 b 值异常区主要分布在大同、张北、代县一带。依据区域地质构造条件、b 值空间分布图像、历史强震和现代地震活动特征,将晋冀蒙交界分成张北段、延庆段、大同段和代县段4个段落,采用最佳效果拟合法＋最大似然法,对各段落进行 b 值时间扫描,并且利用断裂带分段的多地震活动参数值组合分析方法,分析4个段落的现今活动习性,综合判定处于相对高应力和闭锁状态的断裂段。研究结果表明,张北段处于高应力背景下的相对闭锁状态,但会受到1998年、1999年张北 M 6．2、M 5．6强余震影响。综合分析认为,需注意张北段和延庆段发生中强地震的长期地震危险。  相似文献