Morphological analysis of active Mount Nemrut stratovolcano, eastern Turkey: evidences and possible impact areas of future eruption     

Erkan Aydar  Alain Gourgaud  Inan Ulusoy  Fabrice Digonnet  Philippe Labazuy  Erdal Sen  Hasan Bayhan  Turker Kurttas  Arif Umit Tolluoglu 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,123(3-4):301-312

Mount Nemrut, an active stratovolcano in eastern Turkey, is a great danger for its vicinity. The volcano possesses a summit caldera which cuts the volcano into two stages, i.e. pre- and post-caldera. Wisps of smoke and hot springs are to be found within the caldera. Although the last recorded volcanic activity is known to have been in 1441, we consider here that the last eruption of Nemrut occurred more recently, probably just before 1597. The present active tectonic regime, historical eruptions, occurrence of mantle-derived magmatic gases and the fumarole and hot spring activities on the caldera floor make Nemrut Volcano a real danger for its vicinity. According to the volcanological past of Nemrut, the styles of expected eruptions are well-focused on two types: (1) occurrence of water within the caldera leads to phreatomagmatic (highly energetic) eruptions, subsequently followed by lava extrusions, and (2) effusions–extrusions (non-explosive or weakly energetic eruptions) on the flanks from fissures. To predict the impact area of future eruptions, a series of morphological analyses based on field observations, Digital Elevation Model and satellite images were realized. Twenty-two valleys (main transport pathways) were classified according to their importance, and the physical parameters related to the valleys were determined. The slope values in each point of the flanks and the Heim parameters H/L were calculated. In the light of morphological analysis the possible impact areas around the volcano and danger zones were proposed. The possible transport pathways of the products of expected volcanic events are unified in three main directions: Bitlis, Guroymak, Tatvan and Ahlat cities, the about 135 000 inhabitants of which could be threatened by future eruptions of this poorly known and unsurveyed volcano.  相似文献   

ADV measurements of velocity distributions in a gravel‐bed flume     

Vito Ferro 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(7):707-722

Velocity measurements carried out by an acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) in a rectangular laboratory ?ume having a gravel bed are presented. The velocity pro?les are measured in six verticals of the channel cross‐section having an increasing distance (from 4 to 38·5 cm) from the ?ume wall. The experimental runs are carried out for ?ve different bed arrangements, characterized by different concentrations of coarser elements, and for the two conditions of small‐ and large‐scale roughness. For both hydraulic conditions, the velocity measurements are ?rst used to test the applicability of the Dean pro?le and of the logarithmic pro?le corrected by a divergence function proposed in this paper. Then, for each value of the depth sediment ratio h/d₈₄, the non‐dimensional friction factor parameter is calculated by integration of the measured velocity distributions in the different verticals of the cross‐section. Finally a semi‐logarithmic ?ow resistance equation is empirically deduced. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The red bed controversy revisited: shape analysis of Colorado Plateau units suggests long magnetization times     

Myrl E. Beck  Jr.  Russell F. Burmester  Bernard A. Housen 《Tectonophysics》2003,362(1-4):335-344

Several Triassic and earliest Jurassic sedimentary units from the Colorado Plateau region have distributions of virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) that are highly elongate along the path of apparent polar wander (APW). This suggests that the remanent magnetizations measured in these units were acquired over an extended period of time, possibly approaching 35 m.y., and are not precisely coeval with the stratigraphic age of the rock. Comparison with other paleomagnetic studies shows that the observed elongation is not a general attribute of the age of the rock, nor is it related to paleolatitude. The rocks that yield elongate VGP distributions are dominantly red to brown mudstones, and it is possible that their remanence is dominated by a slowly acquired chemical remanent magnetization, as suggested by Larson et al. [J. Geophys. Res. 87 (1982) 1081] and other authors. However, several superficially similar units from the Colorado Plateau have nearly circular VGP distributions. The process by which remanence is acquired in clastic sedimentary rocks merits further study.  相似文献   

甘肃窑街寺湾沟－炭洞沟红层孢粉组合、地质时代与生态环境   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马玉贞  陶明信  陈发源 《沉积学报》1996,(1)

对窑街寺湾沟－炭洞沟红层孢粉和地层层序及时代进行了系统分析与对比研究。在该剖面中划分出２个孢粉组合：①双束松粉属－无口器粉属－杉粉属－栎粉属－瘤面海金砂孢属组合，时代为早渐新世；②双束松粉属－拟桦粉属－栎粉属－藜粉属－瘤面海金沙孢属组合，属中渐新世。研究表明：窑街寺湾沟－炭洞沟红层剖面的层位位于朱儿庄剖面之上，整个窑街地区的红层剖面属始新统－中渐新统；窑街地区始新世孢粉组合与中国东、西部地区孢粉组合相似，均发育以亚热带和暖温带植物为主的亚热带型落叶阔叶林，气候炎热；始新世晚期至早渐新世则演变为以暖温带落叶阔叶树种为主的针阔叶混交林植被，气候温暖湿润；中渐新世为暖温带落叶阔叶林，气候较温暖湿润。区域对比分析表明，从渐新世早期中国东、西部植被开始出现差异并逐渐加大，该时期也许是中国新构造运动的一个重要时期。  相似文献   

滇、川、黔成矿区的铅锌矿源层（岩）   总被引：23，自引：3，他引：23  

柳贺昌 《地质与勘探》1996,32(2):12-18

滇、川、黔铅锌成矿区的矿源层（岩）及其成矿作用，具多矿源层（岩）、多容矿层和多遮挡层共存的特点。矿源层（岩）改造成矿分海西晚期改造生成贫铅锌矿床和燕山期改造生成铅锌富矿床两个旋回，改造成矿的３个主因是：多条继承、发展了基底构造的深一道断层系统，峨眉山玄武岩浆上涌产生的高热能、喷气、矿质和广泛、多中心循环的热卤水，铅锌矿床为沉积─改造─后成成矿。  相似文献   

中国北部边疆第四系地下水研究     

李国安  韩朝平 《第四纪研究》1996,16(2):105-114

在中国北部边疆西起天山东端的北山，东至大兴安岭北段的４２００ｋｍ地域内，气候干旱少雨，水资源贫乏，第四系地下水是主要供水源之一。本文首次比较系统地研究了该区第四纪堆积物的分布和地下水的赋存规律。文中依据不同地貌单元、地层岩性及气候条件诸因素将本区第四系地下水划分为枝状沟谷砂砾石层孔隙水、河谷冲积平原砂砾石层孔隙水两种主要类型，并着重对有重要供水意义的河谷冲积平原砂砾石层孔隙水的分布、埋藏条件、富水性及水化学特征进行了论述。  相似文献   

赣东北地区前震旦系地层金的原生富集趋势探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

奚舣  周新民 《江西地质》1997,11(1):46-51

在分析变质岩的含金性及地球化学性质的基础上，认为与金成矿有关的主要元素均源自前震旦系。指出了金的原生富集趋势和存在的矿源层。为在该区寻找金矿指出了方向  相似文献   

江苏煤层气资源分析     

傅学海  马筱英 《江苏地质》1997,21(2):120-123

简要地归纳了江苏省煤层气的成矿地质环境，分析了成煤区地质构造特征、煤层及围岩储层的物性特征，在此基础上，对主要地区煤层气资源进行了估算。  相似文献   

红旗营子群研究——冀北铅锌银矿床的矿源层   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

任耀武 《华北地质矿产杂志》1997,12(1):44-51

红旗营子群主要分布于康保－赤峰深断裂以南，尚义－平泉深断裂以北，大致相当于内蒙地轴范围内，冀北主要铅锌银矿床均分布于该地层中，本文主要论述了作为矿源导的红旗营子群岩石学、地球化学及成矿地质特征，据此提出了“三位一体”找矿标志。  相似文献   

Sedimentary environment and development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds:Middle and Upper Proterozoic in northern North China     

BAO Zhidong  CHEN Jianfa  ZHANG Shuichang  Zhao Hongwen  Zhang qinghai  LI Yan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z2)

Problem on development control of marine source bed hold in Chinese petroleum industry progression. The Hongshuizhuang Formation,Tieling Formation and Xiamaling Formation in the Middle and Upper Proterozoic are important hydrocarbon source beds in northern North China, and investigation of their sedimentary environments and the controls has great significance for petroleum exploration in North China. Based on sedimentology (sequence stratigraphy), palaeoecology, sedimentary geochemistry, and sedimentary palaeogeography, their development pattern is discussed. All these studies indicate that the development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds include a favorite palaeogeographic location, exceeding propagation of biomes in low and middle latitudes, anoxic environments, enrichment of phosphorus element and the adsorption of clay minerals during the preservation of organic matter in the marine carbonates.  相似文献