枯落物处理对森林土壤碳氮转化过程影响研究综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈玉平  吴佳斌  张曼  杨智杰  陈光水 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2012,7(2)

在全球变化背景下,植物枯落物输入的改变对森林生态系统土壤有机质的形成和稳定具有重要作用．通过论述近年来国内外在森林枯落物添加和去除处理（DIRT）对土壤有机质影响的最新研究进展,包括枯落物添加和去除对土壤碳氮贮量、土壤呼吸及其激发效应、土壤氮循环、土壤可溶性有机质以及土壤微生物、酶活性和小动物的影响,提出未来的可能研究方向,以期为国内该领域的研究提供参考．  相似文献   

非传统化探方法研究的新进展     

唐金荣  崔熙琳  施俊法 《地质通报》2009,28(203):232-244

在20世纪的找矿实践中,水系沉积物、土壤和岩石地球化学测量等传统化探方法发挥了令矿产资源勘查界瞩目的重要作用。随着深部找矿,特别是覆盖区找矿工作的日益增多,传统化探方法已不完全适应这种找矿条件,急需有新的方法技术予以补充。20世纪诞生的一套非传统化探方法,如选择性提取法、生物地球化学测量、地下水地球化学测量、地下气体测量等,重又受到青睐。在现代化学分析技术的支撑下,选择性提取技术成为当前化探界研究的热点,试点性研究显示了其找寻隐伏矿的有效性;生物地球化学找矿方法在植物积累元素的控制条件、分析测试方面均取得了较大进展,已经从幼年期进入成熟的早期阶段;地下水地球化学测量方法在地下水中矿物饱和度与物质计算、高质量的物理化学数据的获取和不同矿床类型的元素化合物指示标志的研究与评价方面做了大量的工作。同时,数据处理技术、重矿物地球化学找矿标志和同位素地球化学示踪技术的研究近年来也受到了极大关注。实验性研究表明,尽管这些非传统技术在找寻隐伏矿方面显示了良好的应用前景,但仍有许多问题需要深入研究。  相似文献   

Dissolved inorganic carbon isotopes of a typical alpine river on the Tibetan Plateau revealing carbon sources,wetland effect and river recharge     

Lu Ge  Hongbin Tan  Xi Chen  Wenbo Rao  Meitong Fan 《水文研究》2021,35(10):e14402

The Nyangqu River, the largest right bank tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, was representative of an alpine riverine carbon cycle experiencing climate change. In this study, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) spatial and seasonal variations, as well as their carbon isotopic compositions (δ¹³C_DIC) in river water and groundwater were systematically investigated to provide constraints on DIC sources, recharge and cycling. Significant changes in the δ¹³C_DIC values (from −2.9‰ to −23.4‰) of the water samples were considered to be the result of different contributions of two dominant DIC origins: soil CO₂ dissolution and carbonate weathering. Three types of rock weathering (dissolution of carbonate minerals by H₂CO₃ and H₂SO₄, and silicate dissolution by H₂CO₃) were found to control the DIC input into the riverine system. In DIC cycling, groundwater played a significant role in delivering DIC to the surface water, and DIC supply from tributaries to the main stream increased from the dry season to the wet season. Notably, the depleted δ¹³C_DIC ‘peak’ around the 88.9° longitude, especially in the September groundwater samples, indicated the presence of ‘special’ DIC, which was attributed to the oxidation of methane from the Jiangsa wetland located nearby. This wetland could provide large amounts of soil organic matter available for bacterial degradation, producing ¹³C-depleted methane. Our study provided insights regarding the role of wetlands in riverine carbon cycles and highlighted the contribution of groundwater to alpine riverine DIC cycles.  相似文献   

Unravelling the hydrological effects on spatiotemporal variability of water chemistry in mountainous rivers from Southwest China     

Jun Zhong  Shuai Chen  Wanfa Wang  Zelong Yan  Rob M. Ellam  Si-Liang Li 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5595-5605

Understanding the effects of hydrological processes on solute dynamics is critical to interpret biogeochemical processes. Water chemistry and isotopic compositions of surface water (δ¹⁸O_w and δD_w) were investigated in rivers from Southwest China to study the effects of hydrological variability on biogeochemical processes. The inverse relationship between deuterium excess (d-excess) and δ¹⁸O_w could be ascribed to non-equilibrium fractionation processes, and the slope of the Local River Water Line was much lower than the Local Meteoric Water Line, suggesting the post-precipitation evaporation pattern. The evaporation fraction (1–f) was estimated by the d-excess method, varying from 0.01 to 0.18. (1–f), was a function of water temperature and drainage mean elevation, indicating that evaporation easily occurs at high temperatures in low-elevation regions. The hydrological processes co-varied with solute dynamics in the river network, and fluid transit time and temperature were likely responsible for the co-variations. Also, we found that hydrological processes played an important role in solute dynamics through shifting the geochemical processes (e.g., enrichment, water-rock reaction, photosynthesis, and secondary mineral precipitation). This study highlights that biogeochemical processes co-vary with hydrological processes, and we suggest that investigating hydrological processes can help to understand biogeochemical processes.  相似文献   

A review of mass flux monitoring and estimation methods for biogeochemical interface processes in watersheds     

Lu  Yao  Gao  Yang  Yang  Tiantian 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(6):881-907

The magnitude of mass flux is closely associated with biogeochemical watershed processes, which can generate a considerable amount of pertinent information. Moreover, both the accuracy and precision of mass flux estimation results directly affects the perception of the ecological environmental status, which in turn affects both the formulation and implementation of river basin management planning. In practical applications, the true value of flux is unknown and can only be estimated. Flux results obtained using different monitoring and estimation methods also differ significantly. However, in existing studies on mass flux associated with biogeochemical watershed interfaces, the application of monitoring and estimation methods lacks uniform criteria or references. Accordingly, this study summarizes and deconstructs results from recent studies on biogeochemical watershed interface processes and compares the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of the monitoring and estimation methods used by these studies. This particular study is intended to be used as a reference for the selection of flux calculation methods.  相似文献   

Cycling amongst Māori: Patterns,influences and opportunities     

Rhys Jones  Bruce Kidd  Kirsty Wild  Alistair Woodward 《New Zealand geographer》2020,76(3):182-193

This paper outlines the results of mixed-methods research on Māori and cycling. Our findings suggest that Māori cycle at similar rates to Pākehā (NZ European); however conditions may differ, possibly indicating higher levels of “necessity cycling” amongst Māori. Māori experience similar barriers to cycling, including a lack of suitable cycling infrastructure, but these occur against a backdrop of stark social, economic and transport-related inequities. Particular barriers for Māori may include inflexible work conditions, concerns about neighbourhood safety, inadequate provision for social cycling, and lack of access to places of importance to Māori. We identify potential solutions, including more whānau-friendly and culturally safe cycling infrastructure, and cycling programmes designed around Māori commitments to whanaungatanga and kaitiakitanga.  相似文献   

茶园生态系统氟的生物地球化学循环   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑达贤  沙济琴 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2011,6(3):1-8

根据近年作者及相关研究成果,提出一般茶园（非F污染区,非高F地质背景区）生态系统F的生物地球化学循环模型,估算茶园生态系统各子系统F的库容和库之间的F流量,分析茶园生态系统F的生物地球化学特征．结果表明：1）茶园生态系统F的惰性库：调节库：活动库为239：4：1,活动库占总库容的比例高达0．41％,其比例是非常高的;2...  相似文献   

Carbon distribution and fluxes of 16 rivers discharging into the Bohai Sea in summer   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

XIA Bin  ZHANG Longjun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(3):43-54

Riverine carbon input is closely related to the inshore aquatic environment,the marine carbon pool and climate change.Samples were synchronously obtained from 16 rivers discharging into the Bohai Sea (China) in 1-5 July 2005.The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of the 16 rivers were mainly controlled by anthropogenic activities.The particulate organic carbon (POC) of the Haihe,Luanhe,Ziyaxinhe,Chaobaixinhe,Xiaoqinghe,Xiaolinghe,Duliujianhe,Jiyunhe,and Majiahe Rivers mainly originated from pollu...  相似文献   

Rates of peat accumulation over the past 200 years in fiveSphagnum-dominated peatlands in the United States     

R. Kelman Wieder  Martin Novák  William R. Schell  Thomas Rhodes 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1994,12(1):35-47

Using²¹⁰Pb-dating of peat cores, corroborated by pollen and acid-insoluble ash approaches, rates of vertical height growth, dry mass accumulation, and organic matter accumulation were determined for fiveSphagnum-dominated peatland sites (one in Minnesota, one in Pennsylvania, one on the Maryland/West Virginia border, two in West Virginia), spanning a mean annual temperature range of 4.5 °C and differing in total annual precipitation by a factor of almost 2. Site differences in rates of vertical height growth and dry mass accumulation were documented, but both within-core and between-site differences in bulk density and ash concentrations of peat confound efforts to relate vertical height growth and dry mass accumulation to net organic matter accumulation. Taking bulk densities and ash concentrations into account, rates of net organic matter accumulation over the past 150–200 years were strikingly similar at four of the five sites, an unexpected result given the general trend that with decreasing latitude, peat deposits become older, thinner, and more highly decomposed. More comprehensive studies are needed in which net organic matter accumulation is determined at several locations within a single peatland, at several peatlands within a particular geographic/climatic region, and at peatland sites in different geographic/climatic regions. If additional studies confirm that recent (past 200 years) net organic matter accumulation is relatively insensitive to broad-scale regional climatic differences, boreal and subarctic peatlands may continue to function as a net sink for atmospheric CO₂ and a net source of atmospheric CH₄ with no change in rates of net organic matter accumulation, even under predicted scenarios of global climate change.This publication is the third paper in a series of papers presented at the session on Past Climatic Change and the Development of Peatlands at the ASLO and SWS Meetings in Edmonton, Canada, May 30–June 3, 1993. Dr P. Kuhry and Dr S. C. Zoltai are serving as Guest Editors.  相似文献   

Tentative kinetic model for dolomite precipitation rate and its application to dolomite distribution     

Rolf S. Arvidson  Fred T. Mackenzie 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1996,2(3):273-298

The dolomite problem has a long history and remains one of the most intensely studied and debated topics in geology. Major amounts of dolomite are not directly forming today from seawater. This observation has led many investigators to develop geochemical/hydrologic models for dolomite formation in diagenetic environments. A fundamental limitation of the current models for the growth of sedimentary dolomite is the dearth of kinetic information for this phase, in contrast to that available for calcite and aragonite.We present a simple kinetic model describing dolomite growth as a function of supersaturation using data from published high temperature synthesis experiments and our own experimental results. This model is similar in form to empirical models used to describe precipitation and dissolution rates of other carbonate minerals. Despite the considerable uncertainties and assumptions implicit in this approach, the model satisfies a basic expectation of classical precipitation theory, i.e., that the distance from equilibrium is a basic driving force for reaction rate. The calculated reaction order is high (~ 3), and the combined effect of high order and large activation energy produces a very strong dependence of the rate on temperature and the degree of supersaturation of aqueous solutions with respect to this phase.Using the calculated parameters, we applied the model to well-documented case studies of sabkha dolomite at Abu Dhabi (Persian Gulf), and organogenic dolomite from the Gulf of California. Growth rates calculated from the model agree with independent estimates of the age of these dolomites to well within an order of magnitude. A comparison of precipitation rates in seawater also shows the rate of dolomite precipitation to converge strongly with that of calcite with increasing temperature. If correct, this result implies that dolomite may respond to relatively modest warming of surface environments by substantial increases in accumulation rate, and suggests that the distribution of sedimentary dolomite in the rock record may be to some extent a temperature signal.  相似文献