Harpacticoid copepod response to epiphyte load variations in Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadows     

Nina Larissa Arroyo  Inés Castejón  Marta Dominguez  Jorge Terrados 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(3):345-362

We conducted a field experiment to assess the response of phytal harpacticoids to nutrient‐driven increases of epiphyte load in Posidonia oceanica meadows. First, we evaluated differences in species richness, diversity and assemblage structure of phytal harpacticoids in P. oceanica meadows with differing epiphyte loads. Secondly, we conducted a field experiment where epiphyte load was increased through an in situ addition of nutrients to the water column and evaluated the responses of the harpacticoid assemblages. We predicted that there would be changes in the harpacticoid assemblages as a result of nutrient‐driven increases of epiphyte load, and that these changes would be of a larger magnitude in meadows of low epiphyte load. Our results show that the harpacticoid fauna (>500 μm) present in P. oceanica meadows in the Bay of Palma comprised taxa which are considered phytal and other less abundant ones previously described as sediment dwellers or commensal on other invertebrate species. Nutrient addition had an overall significant effect on epiphyte biomass and on harpacticoid abundance, diversity and assemblage structure, possibly as a response to the increased resources and habitat complexity provided by epiphytes. The abundance of dominant species at each location was favoured by nutrient addition and in some cases correlated with epiphytic biomass, although never strongly. This may indicate that structural complexity or diversity of the epiphytic cover might be more important than the actual epiphytic biomass for the harpacticoid species investigated. More species‐specific studies are necessary to ascertain this and clarify the relationships between harpacticoids and epiphytes in seagrass meadows. To our knowledge, this is the first account of harpacticoid species associated with P. oceanica leaves and the epiphytic community they harbour in the Mediterranean Sea.  相似文献   

Some observations on phytoplankton species composition,biomass, and productivity in Kenepuru Sound,New Zealand, 1982–83     

A. L. Mackenzie  H. F. Kaspar  P. A. Gillespie 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):397-405

Phytoplankton species composition, biomass, and rates of primary production were determined at two sites within Kenepuru Sound, New Zealand, in spring, summer, and autumn of 1982–83. Microflagellates and ultraplankton (< 5–10 μm) were numerically very abundant on each occasion and small gymnodinoid nanno‐planktonic (< 10–15 μm) dinoflagellates were likewise always a common component of the populations. The dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum gracile, made a substantial contribution to the total biomass in summer. The diatom community changed from mainly small chain forming species (Chaetoceros spp., Leptocylindricus spp.) in spring to small solitary centric and pennate forms (Nitzchia longissima, Coscinodiscus spp.) in summer, to a diversity of larger taxa (Coscinodiscus concinnus, Eucampia zoodiacus) in autumn. The autotrophic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum was a particularly important member of the autumn photo‐autotrophic assemblage. Both phytoplankton biomass and productivity increased from spring to autumn. In situ rates of primary production ranged from 15 to 1420 mgC m^‐2h^‐1 and chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 6.9 to 258.5 mgChl a m^‐2. A gross primary production rate, in summer, was estimated at 0.57 gC m^‐2 d^‐1. Phytoplankton production and biomass appeared to be related to dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations as a result of variations in the freshwater inflow. A tentative comparison between the rates of phytoplankton and cultivated mussel production is made.  相似文献   

The river continuum concept — reply to Barmuta and Lake     

M. J. Winterbourn 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):229-231

Spectral analyses of water‐level oscillations in Wellington Harbour during the 1960 Chilean and 1964 Alaskan tsunamis are given. The results are used to define the periods for the three longest‐period characteristic oscillation modes. Some implications for future tsunamis are discussed.  相似文献   

贵阳喀斯特地区植被类型与季节变化对土壤微生物生物量和微生物呼吸的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

彭艳  李心清  程建中  邢英  闫慧 《地球化学》2010,39(3):266-273

土壤微生物特性是土壤修复的指示因子,近年来西南喀斯特地区退化土壤的相关研究较多,但不同植被类型的土壤微生物特性的变化研究相对较少。对贵阳郊区耕作土壤、灌丛、女贞人工纯林和马尾松人工纯林表层土壤（0～10cm）微生物生物量碳（SMBC）、微生物呼吸（MR）和微生物代谢熵（qCO2）的研究结果表明,土壤SMBC和MR均表现为次生林高于耕作土壤,灌丛最高;与qCO2相反,马尾松林土壤微生物活动显著弱于其他样地,不同植被类型土壤微生物活动均表现为在秋季相对较强。与植被类型的显著影响相比,季节变化、植被与季节的交互作用对SM—BC和MR的影响不明显。SMBC与土壤温度不相关,与土壤含水量呈极显著相关而土壤含水量季节变化不明显。MR与土壤温度和含水量均无显著相关性可能是季节变化对两者影响不明显的主要原因,但需要大量区域样本进一步证实。认为演替初期的灌丛比人工阔叶或针叶纯林更有利于土壤微生物群落的生长,土壤有机质积累较快,植被自然恢复是喀斯特退化土壤恢复初期更适合的徐径．  相似文献   

高寒植被类型及其植物生产力的监测   总被引：31，自引：1，他引：30  

李英年  王勤学  古松  伏玉玲  杜明远  赵亮  赵新全  于贵瑞 《地理学报》2004,59(1):40-48

监测并分析了高寒草甸二种不同植被类型的生态环境条件、植物种类组成、生物量变化规律及其差异。研究表明：距离相近且海拔高度基本相同的矮蒿草草甸和金露梅灌丛草甸二种群落内部,由于受地形部位影响,虽然降水基本相同,但地表受热及蒸发量不同,土壤湿度存在明显差异。受上述环境条件特别是受土壤温湿度条件的限制,二种群落内的植物种类不同,地下、地上生物量的变化也不同,一般在山地阴坡主要分布着以金露梅灌丛为优势种外,多以线叶蒿草、小蒿草、羊茅、及其它杂草类为伴生种的金露梅灌丛草甸植被类型,而主要分布于滩地的矮蒿草草甸多以垂穗披碱草等植物为伴生种的湿中性植被类型,属典型的高寒草甸植被类型。生物量监测结果的比较分析表明,群落的地上生物量为：矮蒿草草甸 > 金露梅灌丛草甸;地下生物量随植被类型的不同,其峰值与谷值出现时间不一致。年内地下净生产量为：金露梅灌丛草甸 > 矮蒿草草甸。地下生产量周转值为：矮蒿草草甸 > 金露梅灌丛草甸。  相似文献   

海北高寒草甸的季节冻土及在植被生产力形成过程中的作用   总被引：22，自引：7，他引：15  

李英年  关定国  赵亮  古松  赵新全 《冰川冻土》2005,27(3):311-319

海北高寒矮嵩草草甸区植被下的草毡寒冻雏形土属季节性冻土,因温度低,冻土在年内的每个月均可发生.一般在11月中旬可形成稳定的季节冻结层,至翌年3～4月冻土层厚度最大可达230cm.从3月下旬到4月中旬开始,土壤开始消融,至6月下旬到7月上旬冻土全部消失.分析发现,季节冻土在高寒草甸植被生产力形成过程中有着积极的影响作用,主要表现在:1)季节冻土的存在和维持将给高寒植物生长提供良好的土壤水分,对植物初期营养生长发育有利,可弥补春夏之交时降水不足所引起的干旱胁迫影响;2)季节冻土的长时间维持,有利于植物残体和土壤有机质留存于土壤,并随土壤冻结和融化过程发生迁移,可提高土壤肥力;3)较高的土壤水分有利于土壤胡敏酸的形成,可保证植物生长所需的其它有机元素的供给;4)冻土层所形成较高的土壤水分使土体热容量加大,从而调节因气候异常波动引起的土壤温度变化;5)季节冻土的变化对植物地上年生产量形成有一定的影响作用,表现出从10月或11月开始,土壤冻结速率快,对提高植物地上年生产量有利.这也证实,在未来气候变暖的趋势下,土壤有机质将加快分解速度,土壤水分因受温度升高、冻结期缩短,其贮存能力降低;受温度升高的影响,地表蒸发能力加大,若降水仍保持目前的水平,土壤水分将明显减少,将导致高寒草甸植被生产力有下降的可能.  相似文献   

库布齐固定沙丘土壤微生物生物量的垂直分布研究   总被引：24，自引：8，他引：16  

邵玉琴  赵吉  包青海 《中国沙漠》2001,21(1):88-92

对库布齐固定沙丘土壤微生物生物量的垂直分布研究表明:①好气性细菌生物量的垂直分布是0~0.5cm(结皮层) > 0.5~10cm > 60~70cm > 30~40cm > 150~160cm,好气性细菌生物量的峰值在0~0.5cm(结皮层);②芽孢型细菌生物量的垂直分布是0.5~10cm > 0~0.5cm > 60~70cm > 30~40cm > 150~160cm,芽孢型细菌生物量的峰值在0.5~10cm;③厌气性细菌生物量的垂直分布是30~40cm=60~70cm > 0~0.5cm=0.5~10cm=150~160cm,厌气性细菌生物量的峰值在30~40cm和60~70cm;④丝状微生物生物量的垂直分布是0~0.5cm(结皮层) > 0.5~10cm > 30~40cm > 60~70cm > 150~160cm,丝状微生物生物量的峰值在0~0.5cm(结皮层);⑤库布齐固定沙丘土壤微生物生物量、土壤酶活性和养分含量的垂直分布相一致,均随土层深度增加而递减,具有明显的层次性。  相似文献   

Estimating biomass of phytoplankton in the Jiaozhou Bay I. Phytoplankton biomass estimated from cell volume and plasma volume   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Sun Jun  Liu Dengyan  Qian Shuben 《海洋学报(英文版)》2000,(2)

I~IOXPhytoplankton is the doAnnant primary producer O'f the pelagic realm, converting inorganicmaterials (e. g., nitrate, phosphate) into new organic compounds (e. g., proteins, lipids) by theprocess of photosynthesis and thereby starting the marine food chain (Lalli and Parsons, 1993).Historically, phytoplankton abundance has primarily been measured and expressed as cellnumbers based on enumeration of the phytoplankton in an aliquot of the sample. Such measurements have established four ba…  相似文献   

Estimation of a widow rockfish (Sebastes entomelas) shoal off British Columbia, Canada as a joint exercise between stock assessment staff and the fishing industry     

Stanley  R. D.; Kieser  R.; Cooke  K.; Surry  A. M.; Mose  B. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2000,57(4):1035-1049

  相似文献   

Reconstructing past eutrophication trends from diatoms and biogenic silica in the sediment and the pelagic zone of Lake Constance, Germany     

Martin Wessels  Kirsten Mohaupt  Reiner Kümmerlin  Angela Lenhard 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,21(2):171-192

In Lake Constance, phosphorus concentrations and the seasonal development of phytoplankton communities in water samples from the pelagic zone were regularly recorded since the 1950's. Before the 1950's, there were occasional investigations of plankton communities since 1896. We compared these data with the sedimentary record in two sediment cores. Then, the eutrophication history of Lake Constance was inferred from diatoms. The record of biogenic silica in the cores is discussed with respect to diatom biomass increase.Diatom assemblages in the sediment cores precisely reflected the pelagic diatom development for the period 1971--1992. Both sediment cores and the water samples have a high interannual variability of diatom assemblages. Below a sediment depth of 27 cm (AD 1920), more than 50% of the diatoms were partly corroded, and we limited the reconstruction of trophic state changes to the interval of 1920--1993. Oligotrophic conditions of Lake Constance were indicated by the dominance of various Cyclotella taxa from 1920 to 1940. Since 1939/1940, increasing abundance of it Tabellaria fenestrata showed oligotrophic to mesotrophic conditions. Between 1953 and 1956, increasing Stephanodiscus hantzschii and disappearing Cyclotella indicated advanced eutrophication and total phosphorus values ranged between 8--10 mg m-3 during turnover in late winter. Further eutrophication was shown by disappearing T. fenestrata and increasing S. minutulus in 1963. Maximum TP concentrations of 87 mg m-3 occurred in 1979/80 and was accompanied by increasing abundances of Aulacoseira granulata. From 1986 to 1992, reoccurrence of Tabellaria fenestrata and Cyclotella indicate some recovery of Lake Constance.Biogenic silica and diatom abundances were similar among cores but indicate a 3--4 fold increase of diatom biomass only. This was far below the estimate of biomass increase from sedimentary pigment data (25 fold) and the estimate of phytoplankton data from the literature (70 fold).  相似文献