传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)在双壳贝类中的感染情况研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

逄雪梅  魏永伟  范东东  李长红  苗亮  陈炯 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(4):883-888

采用国际兽医局推荐的传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus,IHHNV)检测方法,首次开展IHHNV在双壳贝类(中国蛤蜊、泥蚶、花蛤、缢蛏、文蛤和白蛤)和螺类软体动物(螺蛳、中华圆田螺)中的感染情况。此外,本研究以泥蚶为研究对象,建立了IHHNV在双壳贝类中的实验室感染模型,研究了人工感染泥蚶后IHHNV在其体内的增殖和致病情况。结果显示:在采集的不同种类贝类样品中均检测到IHHNV,其中在泥蚶中的阳性率最高(50%),在文蛤中的阳性率最低(15%),表明IHHNV在双壳贝类中的分布较为广泛,是IHHNV的重要携带物种。在采集的螺类软体动物中均未检测到IHHNV。系统发育分析表明,来自不同贝类中的IHHNV构成了进化树中不同的分支,其中中国蛤蜊、花蛤、白蛤源的IHHNV属于Ⅱ型感染株,而泥蚶、缢蛏、文蛤源的IHHNV单独成簇,形成了一个全新的分支。实验室感染结果显示,IHHNV对泥蚶没有明显的致病性,但可在其体内增殖,在感染后第5天其体内的病毒载量达到最大(1.8×104copies/g),随着感染时间的增加,其体内病毒含量呈现递减趋势,但在感染后第30天体内仍可检测到病毒的存在。本研究结果对对虾养殖尤其是虾贝混养模式中预防和控制IHHNV的传播具有重要意义。  相似文献   

菲律宾蛤仔壳体和湿重生长率及影响因素浅析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘升发  范德江  颜文涛  于子山 《海洋科学进展》2008,26(1):82-89

选取3组不同年龄段菲律宾蛤仔进行了为期1 a的养殖观测试验,定期观测贝壳的宽度、高度、厚度和湿重,构建了菲律宾壳体生长曲线.研究发现,菲律宾蛤仔壳体生长率曲线在5月中旬和10月底出现峰值,即春季和秋季快速生长期;个体湿重生长率也出现春、秋快速生长期,其峰值长于或滞后于贝壳生长率的峰值;菲律宾蛤仔壳体和湿重的生长与环境温度、贝壳年龄、繁殖活动和饵料供应密切相关,春-夏季(水温17～22 ℃)为壳体在研究海域生长的最适宜季节.  相似文献   

Observations on shell growth and morphology of the bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum     

范德江  张爱滨  杨作升  孙效功 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2007,25(3):322-329

The bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum is not only one of the main mollusc species in the west Pacific Ocean, but also one of the main species for aquaculture in China. Knowledge of growth of the R. philippinarum shell will improve our understanding of the shell as an environmental archive. It is also useful for the aquaculture of R. philippinarum. In this research, a hanging box culture method was introduced in the culture of R. philippinarum. The bivalves were cultured for 126 days, from March 31 to August 3, 2002. The average growth rates of shell width, height, and thickness were 0.069, 0.046, and 0.032 mm/d, respectively. The mean increase of average individual wet mass was 0.028 g/d. The largest growth rates of both shell and average individual wet mass occurred in June, indicating that water temperature and bivalve reproduction were 2 important factors. The shell morphology underwent significant changes with shell growth. The ratio of height to thickness (value of B/C) shifted 1.58 in the first 60 days to 1.54 in the last 30 days, which was resulted from the change in major shell growth direction. Periodic changes in the B/C ratio led to corrugated shell form, which could be used to determine the age of the shell.  相似文献   

河北白洋淀全新统沉积特征与地层划分   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王永  闵隆瑞  董进  姚培毅  迟振卿 《地球学报》2015,36(5):575-582

通过对河北白洋淀老河头剖面全新世沉积物岩性特征、地层层序、粒度组成及微体古生物组合等进行综合研究,重建了白洋淀全新世以来的环境演变过程。全新世以来白洋淀沉积特征所反映的气候环境特征表现为早期开始出现湖沼相沉积,气候寒冷偏湿;中期湖泊沉积发育,气候温暖湿润;晚期湖泊退缩,以河流-沼泽相沉积为主,气候向凉干转变。综合沉积特征、环境演变阶段与加速器质谱(AMS)14C测年资料对白洋淀全新统沉积序列进行系统分析,并将全新统划分为三段:下全新统(11000—8500 a)以灰黄色粉砂质粘土、粉砂为主,夹黑色粘土,冲积-湖沼相沉积发育;中全新统(8500—3200 a)为灰黑色粘土夹粘土质粉砂,湖沼相沉积发育;上全新统(3200 a~)以黄色、褐黄色粉细砂、粘土质粉砂为主,冲积-沼泽相沉积发育。白洋淀全新统中段含有黑色粘土沉积和大量微体与腹足、双壳类等古生物化石,为华北地区全新世地层的划分及区域对比提供了依据。  相似文献   

河蚬壳体矿物组成及其对环境的适应性变化     

周会  刘丛强  王兵  闫慧  江伟  龚国洪  赵彦龙  丁文慈 《矿物学报》2011,31(2):243-249

河蚬是原产于我国和东南亚地区的一种淡水双壳类底栖动物,极强的环境适应能力使其在世界越来越多的淡水环境中成为优势动物种类,为研究生物对环境变化的适应性提供了一个范例。壳体是河蚬适应外部环境的重要器官,长期以来被认为由文石矿物组成。通过对我国黄河下游、淮河流域、长江和西江流域河蚬壳体显微结构观察和矿物成分X射线衍射分析,我们发现文石仅占壳体矿物质平均组成的95.5%,其余为方解石、蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石等,平均含量各为1%左右。壳体棱柱层和薄片层中文石矿物的含量也存在系统差异,后者高出前者11%左右。河蚬壳体相同部位棱柱层文石含量表现出显著的区域变化特征,淮河和长江流域文石含量较高,分别达到96.1%和97.8%。而汉水和西江流域壳体中文石矿物含量较低,平均分别为94.5%和94.2%。黄河下游和珠江流域的数据较少,但已有数据显示前者文石含量低至92.7%而后者高达98.4%。壳体文石矿物含量的变化与区域气候变化和环境污染之间存在较好的对应关系,是河蚬适应环境变化的结果。本研究结果有助于在全球变化背景下利用生物的适应特点保护陆地水环境的生物多样性。  相似文献   

Effects of sewage discharges on lipid and fatty acid composition of the Patagonian bivalve Diplodon chilensis     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,80(1-2):211-219

Lipid and fatty acid (FA) composition and selected oxidative stress parameters of freshwater clams (Dipolodon chilensis), from a sewage-polluted (SMA) and a clean site, were compared. Trophic markers FA were analyzed in clams and sediment. Saturated FA (SAFA), and bacteria and sewage markers were abundant in SMA sediments, while diatom markers were 50% lower. Proportions of SAFA, branched FA, 20:5n − 3 (EPA) and 22:6n − 3 (DHA) were higher in SMA clams. Chronic exposure of D. chilensis to increasing eutrophication affected its lipid and FA composition. The increase in EPA and DHA proportions could be an adaptive response, which increases stress resistance but could also lead to higher susceptibility to lipid peroxidation TBARS, lipofuscins (20-fold) and GSH concentrations were higher in SMA clams. FA markers indicated terrestrial plant detritus and bacteria are important items in D. chilensis diet. Anthropogenic input in their food could be traced using specific FA as trophic markers.  相似文献   

贵阳花溪燕楼剖面下三叠统大冶组地球化学特征与沉积环境分析^*     

王双  杨瑞东 《古地理学报》2018,20(2):285-298

贵阳花溪燕楼剖面下三叠统大冶组微量元素及稀土元素地球化学特征分析表明: U、V、Mo的含量及U/Th、V/Th、Mo/Th的比值,大于澳大利亚后太古代页岩(PAAS)的含量和比值。V/(V+Ni)、V/Cr、Ni/Co、V/Sc以及Mo_EF/U_EF等氧化还原敏感元素的参数特征及其含量显示,大冶组一段处于缺氧-贫氧环境,大冶组二段处于贫氧—氧化环境。研究区经PAAS标准化的稀土配分模式比较平坦,根据大冶组的δCe及Ce/La的参数特征,认为早三叠世整体处于海洋环境;大冶组底部呈现明显Eu正异常,表明受火山热液作用影响明显;可见早三叠世贫氧环境可能与火山作用频发有关。大冶组上部表现微弱Eu正异常,说明火山作用的影响减弱。基于双壳类化石的结构及生活方式分析认为Claraia营外栖足丝固着的生活方式,属于贫氧生物,壳类化石结构只表现棱柱状外壳层和复杂交错纹层状珍珠层,其生活环境应为水动力条件较弱的浅水区。  相似文献   

拉萨地块火山岩系内早—中侏罗世双壳类动物群及其古生物地理   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

裴树文 《现代地质》1999,13(3):291-297,T001

在拉萨以东约１００ ｋｍ 处的下波郎和得中等地, 广泛出露着以火山岩系沉积为主体的叶巴组, 新近从中发现了大量的双壳类化石, 以Ｋｏｂａｙａｓｈｉｔｅｓ ｈｅｍｉｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃｕｓ Ｈａｙａｍｉ, Ｐｒｏｐｅａ ｍｕｓｓｉｕｍ （ Ｐｒｏｐｅａｍｕｓｓｉｕｍ） ｌａｅｖｉｒａｄｉａｔｕｍ （ Ｗａａｇｅｎ） , Ｐｒｏｎｏｅｌｌａ ｐｉｎｄｉｒｏｅｎｓｉｓ Ｃｏｘ 和Ｃｏｒｂｉｃｅｌｌｏｐ ｓｉｓｌａｅｖｉｓ （Ｓｏｗｅｒｂｙ） 为代表, 共计１９ 属２０ 种。双壳类动物群古生物地理面貌同北侧羌塘—印支地块早—中侏罗世双壳类动物群以及欧洲和日本同期双壳类动物群有极大的相似性, 在某种程度上又具有东亚区、欧洲区以及埃塞俄比亚区的某些特征属, 在一定程度上显示出不同生物地理区动物群的混生面貌。从生物地理区系的角度来看, 班公湖—怒江缝合带虽然有可能是侏罗纪一度出现的洋盆, 但其张开的幅度和持续的时间不足以导致其南、北两侧产生独立的生物地理区系  相似文献   

Seasonal Variation in the Phytoplanktonic Community,Seston and Environmental Variables During a 2-Year Period and Oyster Growth at Two Mariculture Sites,Southern Chile     

Jorge E. Toro  Pamela I. Paredes  Darío J. Villagra  Carolina M. Senn 《Marine Ecology》1999,20(1):63-89

Phytoplankton and its relationships with physical and chemical variables were analysed over a 2-year period in Hueihue and Linao Bays (southern Chile). Samples were collected on a monthly basis from May 1991 to May 1993. The growth rate of a single stock of hatchery-produced oysters (Ostrea chilensis) distributed between these two bays was also monitored monthly. The growth rate of oysters maintained at Linao Bay (site associated with a fish farm) was significantly higher, at every depth, compared with the oysters maintained at Hueihue Bay. Temperature and salinity values and their annual fluctuations were similar at both locations, presenting higher variations at the surface (1 m) due to the influence of air temperature and local precipitation than at depth. However, significant differences in phytoplankton abundance and composition were found between the two locations. The phytoplankton community was characterized by high biomass values during spring and summer, the dominance of diatoms and an inverse relationship between temperature and species diversity. However, phytoplankton cell abundance, biovolume and chlorophyll a concentration were significantly higher at Linao at every depth sampled. Cell abundance ranged between 4.49 × 10⁴ and 7.45 × 10⁶ cells · l^?1 in Hueihue and between 6.48 × 10⁴ and 8.71 × 10⁶ cells ·1^?1 in Linao. The influence of temperature on chlorophyll a concentration was significant except at 8 m at both locations. The instantaneous oyster growth rate was found to be positively correlated with temperature, chlorophyll a concentration and particulate organic matter at both locations. A significant negative relationship between oyster growth and amount of particulate inorganic matter was found; this confirms the important role played by seston composition in oyster growth. The demonstration of variation in oyster growth rate associated with differences in food availability between the two locations provides insight into the ecological role played by fish farms in southern Chile. The results suggest a strong link between food availability and oyster growth.  相似文献   

Response of a benthic suspension feeder (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin) to three centuries of anthropogenic eutrophication in Chesapeake Bay     

Michael X. Kirby  Henry M. Miller 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,62(4):679-689

Biogenic reefs built by oysters and other suspension feeders are vital components of estuarine ecosystems. By consuming phytoplankton, suspension feeders act to suppress accumulation of organic matter in the water column. Nutrient loading increases the rate of primary production, thereby causing eutrophication. As suspension feeders consume more organic matter from increasing abundance of phytoplankton, their rate of growth should also increase if they are food limited. We show here that the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), from St. Mary's and Patuxent rivers, Chesapeake Bay, grew faster during anthropogenic eutrophication relative to C. virginica before eutrophication. Growth of shell height, shell thickness and adductor muscle increased after eutrophication began in the late 18th century. After 1860, growth decreased, perhaps reflecting the negative effects of hypoxia, harmful algal blooms, disease and fishing on oyster growth. These results are consistent with the view that an increasing supply of phytoplankton resulting from eutrophication enhanced growth of C. virginica between 1760 and 1860, before oyster reefs were degraded by destructive fishing practices between 1870 and 1930. Alternative factors, such as changes in water temperature, salinity, and fishing are less likely to be responsible for this pattern. These results have implications for restoration of oyster reefs in order to mitigate the effects of eutrophication in estuaries, as well as the paleoecological relationship between suspension feeders and paleoproductivity.  相似文献