纵波质点的运动与界面的反射          下载免费PDF全文

马吉靖 《地球物理学进展》2006,21(3):783-789

在原有波动学的基础上，通过对波传播质点的运动和作用进行研究，提出了波传播的力学作用不仅有因形变产生的应力，还存在着另一种由速度决定的不同形式的力——“动作用力”.动作用力才是波传播的根本动力.由“动作用力"和形变应力确立波的动力学方程，由这个方程，又可确定质点的运动规律.质点在波传播中一般并不作弹性振动，质点沿一个方向运动进行能量传递后，只作微弱的回复运动.质点这种运动特点才符合能量守恒.质点这种运动特点决定不同的界面性状有不同形态的反射波.  相似文献   

An approximate analytical solution for the deposition of heavy particles released from an elevated line source   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

T. Bouvet  J. D. Wilson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,119(1):1-18

This work re-examines and further develops an analytical solution for the deposition swath of heavy particles released in the atmosphere from an elevated source over uniform terrain, correcting the particle diffusivity for the crossing trajectory effect. The revised (approximate) analytical solution proves to be accurate within 20% over a wide range of micrometeorological conditions and particle size, despite its neglect of the turbulence component of the deposition flux. It compares very satisfactorily with experimental data and with the simulations of a Lagrangian stochastic model, provided the variable U(H)/w _g ≤7 (ratio of the mean horizontal wind speed at source height to the particle settling velocity). In this domain of validity, simple formulae relating the statistics of the deposition swath to U(H)/w _g are derived.  相似文献   

纳米级微粒地球化学测量中异常重现性研究     

刘应汉  赵传东  孔牧  张华  张勤  任天祥 《物探化探计算技术》2007,(Z1)

纳米级微粒测量是寻找隐伏矿的新方法,选取实地模拟实验和在已知隐伏矿区,利用液态捕集剂和等离子体质谱分析测试样品,进行重复测量试验,研究结果表明,不同成矿元素,在地表形成异常的运移富集速率不同,其运移速率主要取决于纳米级微粒本身的地球化学性质,地下上升气流、断裂等裂隙有利于微粒的上升运移富集;纳米级微粒地球化学重复测量时,异常可具有良好的重现性,但异常重现较常规气体缓慢,通常需要2~3个月。  相似文献   

地幔流体的交代作用——来自碱性正长岩及其深源岩石包体的证据   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋祥峰  刘显凡陶专卢秋霞  龙训荣 《岩石矿物学杂志》2007,26(4):310-314

滇西玉龙县小桥头硅化霓辉正长斑岩中,含有较多镁铁-超镁铁质深源包体岩石。经岩相学和电子探针及扫描电镜分析发现,伴随交代蚀变,寄主岩和各类镁铁-超镁铁质包体岩石中,普遍发育沿粒间和矿物晶体裂隙或解理纹贯入或穿插的黑色不透明物质,主要由微晶硅酸盐矿物和磁铁矿组成。本文研究认为,硅酸盐矿物与磁铁矿在背散射电子图像中表现为熔离特征,这种在透光显微镜下呈黑色不透明的微晶固体,是引发交代蚀变、具熔浆流体特点和超临界流体性质的地幔流体交代作用的一种微观表现。  相似文献   

贵州遵义镍-钼富集层中独居石的发现及成因意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈益平潘家永  胡凯郭国林  严兆彬凡秀君 《岩石矿物学杂志》2007,26(4):340-344

对贵州遵义天鹅山-黄家湾镍-钼富集层中镍-钼矿石进行了电子探针研究,在镍-钼矿石中发现了稀土独立矿物——独居石,呈不规则的细粒、蠕虫状分布于矿石中,并与镍、钼的独立矿物共生;独居石La和Ce的含量高(La2O3含量变化范围为25.70%～30.52%,Ce2O3含量变化范围为22.96%～27.68%),贫Sm、Th(Sm2O3含量的变化范围为0.49%～0.80%,ThO2含量的变化范围为0%～0.19%),具有热液成因独居石的化学成分特征。镍-钼矿石中稀土矿物独居石的发现为镍-钼矿层的热液成因提供了直接的矿物学证据。  相似文献   

Organic geochemistry and petrology of barren and Mo–Ni–PGE mineralized marine black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation (South China)     

Bohdan K&#x;íbek  Ivana Sýkorov  Jan Pa&#x;ava  Vladimír Machovi 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2007,72(3-4):240-256

Marine black shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in southern China host Mo–Ni–platinum group elements (PGE) mineralization confined to a phosphate- and pyrite-rich stratiform body (max. 20-cm thick). The H/C atomic ratio, carbon isotopic composition, FTIR spectra of bulk organic matter, and spectra of extractable part of organic matter indicate similar sources and thermal evolution of organic matter in barren and mineralized black shales.The morphology and relative abundance of organic particles in barren and mineralized shales are different. In barren black shales, organic particles comprise only elongated bodies and laminae 2–10 μm across or elongated larger bodies (> 10 μm) with R_max = 2.96–5.21% (Type I particles). Mineralized black shales contain Type I particles in rock matrix (90–95 vol%), small veinlets or irregular organic accumulations (Type II particles, 1–5 vol%) that display weak to well developed mosaic texture and a variable reflectance (R_max = 3.55–8.65%), and small (< 1 to 5 μm) rounded or irregular Type III organic particles (1–4 vol%) distributed within phosphate nodules and sulphide rip-up clasts. Type III particles show similar reflectance as particles of Type I in rock matrix. Type I particles are interpreted as remnants of in situ bacterially reworked organic matter of cyanobacteria/algal type, Type II as solidified products or oil-derived material (migrabitumen), and Type III particles as remnants of original organic matter in phosphatized or sulphidized algal/microbial oncolite-like bodies. Equivalent vitrinite reflectances of Type I and III particles in barren and mineralized rocks are similar and correspond to semi-anthracite and anthracite. Micro-Raman spectra of organic particles in rocks display a wide belt in the area of 1600 cm^− 1 (G belt) and approximately the same belt in the area of 1350 cm^− 1 (D belt). The ratio of integrated areas of the two belts correlate with R_max values.The Mo–Ni–PGE mineralized body is interpreted as to represent a remnant of phosphate- and sulphide-rich subaquatic hardground supplied with organic material derived from plankton and benthic communities as well as with algal/microbial oncolite-like bodies that originated in wave-agitated, shallow-water, nearshore environment.  相似文献   

Mineral Components, Texture, and Forming Conditions of Hydrothermal Chimney on the East Pacific Rise at 9°-10°N   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑建斌  曹志敏安伟 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2007,18(2):28-134

To characterize the hydrothermal processes of East Pacific rise at 9°-10°N, sulfide mineral compositions, textural, and geochemical features of chimney ores were studied using ore microscope,scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electron microprobe techniques. Results show that there are three mineral assemblages for the hydrothermal chimney ores, namely：（i） anhydrite ＋ marcasite ＋ pyrite, （ii） pyrite ＋ sphalerite ＋ chalcopyrite, and （iii） chalcopyrite ＋ bornite ＋ digenite ＋ covellite. Mineral assemblages, zonational features, and geochemical characteristics of the ore minerals indicate that ore fluid temperature changed from low to high then to low with a maximum temperature up to 400 ℃. The chimney is a typical black smoker. The initial structure of the chimney was formed by the precipitation of anhydrites, and later the sulfides began to precipitate in the inner wall.  相似文献   

Parsivel~激光降水粒子谱仪及其在气象领域的应用     

濮江平  赵国强  蔡定军  姚展予  袁冬梅  吕梅 《河南气象》2007,(2)

降水粒子特性是大气运动和云内微物理过程的综合结果,在云降水物理及人工影响天气领域有着重要的意义。传统的测量方法不适合对大量数据分析寻找规律,德国OTT公司的Parsivel激光降水粒子谱测量系统可以较好解决自动测量难题。该仪器是以激光测量为基础的粒子测量传感器,采用平行激光束和光电管阵列结合,当有降水粒子穿越采样空间时,自动记录遮挡物的宽度,通过穿越时间计算降水粒子的尺度和速度,根据各种参数的综合信息对降水粒子进行分类,并能够以数字形式显示瞬时降水强度、降水粒子总数、累积降水量、降水时的能见度和雷达反射因子,以图形方式显示降水粒子尺度谱、速度谱、降水粒子分类且自动生成天气现象代码,实现天气现象的自动识别。激光降水粒子谱仪主要用于气象水文观测。在雷达气象学领域可用于Z/R关系的拟合修正,比传统的用雨量筒观测数据拟合效果好得多;由降水粒子谱仪测量雨滴的降落速度,可以对天气雷达垂直向上测量的粒子径向速度谱进行校正。人工影响天气的效果检验一直是一个难题,自然降水粒子谱分布形式与人工催化以后的降水粒子谱型理论上应当具有较大的差别,人工增雨作业降水滴谱变化物理响应和降水强度时间变化响应都有明显的区别。如果能够实时检测到这些差别,就能够充分说明人工催化的有效性。未来如果能够进行联网观测记录区域性降水、降雹,就有充分证据表明人影作业的有效性,在定量化作业效果评估以及灾害损失评估等方面应用潜力巨大。利用该仪器已经对一年的自然降水过程进行了连续观测,并将所获得的降水粒子谱、雨滴浓度值随时间变化状况与卫星反演的云顶有效粒子半径时间变化趋势进行了对比,发现有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

利用卫星云图估算焦作市4-9月12h降水     

闫小利  李艳红  卢学锋  宋自福  肖杰 《河南气象》2007,(2)

利用2004-2006年FY-2C卫星云图资料,统计了云顶亮温与焦作市降水量的关系;并根据相邻两张云图中云顶低亮温中心移动的距离和时间,确定云的移速。在此基础上,建立了层状云和积状云降水估算方程。经对2005-2006年估算结果统计,层状云有无降水预报准确率为80%;对4次积状云降水的估算结果为1次漏报、1次降水量级误差较大、2次预报正确,准确率达50%。  相似文献   

A simple mass estimate for central black holes in cuspy galaxies     

Herwig Dejonghe  Anne Mathieu  Veronique De Bruyne  Sven De Rijcke 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1998,72(3):219-233

We argue that the temperature of the stellar phase is likely a monotically decreasing function of radius in the central regions of elliptical galaxies with cusps. We show that it requires the presence of a central mass concentration. An estimate of its minimum mass based on few parameters is given. This lower bound is consistent with current mass values of the central objects in galaxies derived from detailed models. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献