Global poverty dynamics and resilience building for sustainable poverty reduction   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

LI Yuheng  WU Wenhao  WANG Yongsheng 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(8):1159-1170

There is less than a decade left to accomplish the goal of ending global poverty by 2030. This paper investigates global poverty dynamics and finds a shift in the world's poverty gravity center from South Asia to Africa in the period 1990–2015. Sub-Saharan Africa has become the main battlefield for poverty reduction in the world. Global poverty reduction has been accompanied by political instability and local conflicts, economic marginalization, rural decline, and natural hazards as well as climate change which are jointly impacting the least developed areas and making the world's poverty reduction vulnerable to external shocks. The "STAR" scheme, including maintaining political stability, promoting targeted poverty alleviation, implementing regular assessments of poverty reduction initiatives, and revitalizing rural and poverty-stricken areas, is proposed with specific measures to enhance the resilience capacity of poverty alleviation in the world.  相似文献   

The growth of “black crusts” on calcareous building stones in Palermo (Sicily): a first appraisal of anthropogenic and natural sulphur sources     

Giuseppe Montana  Luciana Randazzo  Ilaria A. Oddo  Mariano Valenza 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(2):367-380

Chemical, mineralogical and isotopic composition (³⁴S/³²S) analyses were carried out on “black crusts” developed on the old buildings of Palermo (Sicily) with the aim to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic sulphur sources. Furthermore individual samples of total suspended particulate (TSP) were collected and analysed in order to estimate the influence of air pollution on the decay process of calcareous stones in a typical southern Mediterranean coastal environment. SEM/EDS analysis, X-ray diffractometry, IR spectroscopy and liquid chromatography led to the compositional characterization of “black crusts” and airborne particulate matter in the city. Sulphur isotopic compositions of gypsum-bearing crusts showed a prevailing contribution of anthropogenic sources (vehicle exhaust and other combustion processes). Natural sulphur and/or sulphate sources (biogenic and/or sea-spray) were shown to play a secondary role. These data can be considered a starting point for the determination of the rate of growth of “black crusts” in a coastal Mediterranean urban environment like Palermo. In the future, they might be useful to local authorities for planning more efficient maintenance action in order to slow as much as possible the rate of decay of the monumental heritage of the city.  相似文献   

城市基础比例尺地形图更新与建库   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李冠成  刘志辉 《测绘信息与工程》2008,33(4)

分析了城市基础比例尺地形图更新机制和在实践中的应用,探讨了空间地理信息数据建库的标准和数据库更新关键技术,提出了对生产部门建设"数字城市"过程应建立基础数据更新机制的建议.  相似文献   

城市多种地图一体化综合测绘模式分析与研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘昌华  梁洪有  杨丽  张文志  任筱芳 《测绘科学》2008,33(5)

基于"数字城市"和城市地理信息系统基本建设的要求,对现有城市测绘体系进行分析,根据城市各项测绘技术工作特点,探讨城市多种地图一体化综合测绘的现实意义和可行性,初步提出城市多种地图一体化综合测绘的内容和部分技术指标,并通过实例进行应用检验。  相似文献   

广州珠江新城地区高建筑物雷电回击磁场分析     

殷启元  黄惺惺 《气象科技》2018,46(2):423-428

对2011—2012年广州高建筑物雷电观测站获取到的雷电回击磁场波形数据进行统计分析,选取14个高建筑物的27次闪电过程(均为负极性地闪,含回击过程112次),其中44%的闪电个例为单次地闪过程。采用小波软阈值去噪法和基础噪声归零法进行数据预处理,分析发现:选取的回击磁场波形均呈现多峰现象,鉴于高建筑物反射峰的影响,本文只统计初始峰值;选取数据的1次闪电回击次数的算术平均值为4.2次,高度200m以下的闪电过程(14次)算术平均回击次数5.1次,高度200m以上的闪电过程(13次)算术平均回击次数3.2次;建筑物越高对磁场峰值的增强作用越显著,击中200m以上的建筑物上雷电首次回击和继后回击磁场峰值几何平均值分别是200m以下的2.2倍和1.5倍;建筑物高度对回击过程磁场波头上升时间影响不大;继后回击过程磁场波头时间远小于首次回击,与回击电场波形特征一致。  相似文献   

居民地要素化简的形状识别与模板匹配方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

晏雄锋  艾廷华  杨敏 《测绘学报》2016,45(7):874-882

针对居民地要素的分布和表达具有典型模板化特点,本文通过对其形状结构和区域环境进行分析,运用形态抽象概括和区域环境典型化基本原则构建一批模板作为居民地目标化简与典型化表达的候选形状,并基于转角函数的形状描述算子,计算居民地目标与模板之间的相似性程度。该方法从形状认知的角度出发,通过寻找与目标形状结构特征相似的模板替换原目标来完成化简操作,能较好地保持居民地目标的整体形状结构特征,同时兼顾了综合前后的面积均衡。通过真实数据进行试验,结果表明该方法具有较强的可靠性和实用性,可规模化应用于地形图上的地图综合实践。  相似文献   

张量投票的机载LiDAR数据建筑物自动提取     

杨威  万幼川  何培培 《测绘科学》2016,41(9):7-10,158

针对机载LiDAR目标提取中建筑物与树木难以有效区分的问题,该文提出了一种基于坡度自适应穿透率和张量投票的建筑物检测方法。在利用滤波和高差阈值去除地面点和矮小地物点的基础上,采用坡度自适应穿透率作为区分建筑物和植被的主要特征,较好地突出了建筑物点和树木点在空间分布上的密度差异;设计基于张量投票的投票算法,对坡度自适应穿透率特征进行邻域投票,以促进相邻点之间特征信息的传递,增强了该特征对于植被和建筑物的可分性。采用ISPRS提供的测试数据进行实验,结果表明,该方法能有效地区分建筑物和树木点,提取的建筑物完整度达94.6%,准确度达98.3%。  相似文献   

Object-based urban land cover classification using rule inheritance over very high-resolution multisensor and multitemporal data     

Ejaz Hussain  Jie Shan 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(2):164-182

Very high spatial and temporal resolution remote sensing data facilitate mapping highly complex and diverse urban environments. This study analyzed and demonstrated the usefulness of combined high-resolution aerial digital images and elevation data, and its processing using object-based image analysis for mapping urban land covers and quantifying buildings. It is observed that mapping heterogeneous features across large urban areas is time consuming and challenging. This study presents and demonstrates an approach for formulating an optimal land cover classification rule set over small representative training urban area image, and its subsequent transfer to the multisensor, multitemporal images. The classification results over the training area showed an overall accuracy of 96%, and the application of rule set to different sensor images of other test areas resulted in reduced accuracies of 91% for the same sensor, 90% and 86% for the different sensors temporal data. The comparison of reference and classified buildings showed ±4% detection errors. Classification through a transferred rule set reduced the classification accuracy by about 5%–10%. However, the trade-off for this accuracy drop was about a 75% reduction in processing time for performing classification in the training area. The factors influencing the classification accuracies were mainly the shadow and temporal changes in the class characteristics.  相似文献   

武汉市基础地理信息数据图库一体化研究与实践     

朱巧云  乔炜  高雅冰  沈莹 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(2):129-131

结合武汉市1∶500基础地理信息数据制图及建库工程,探索满足基础地理信息数据图库一体化的软件系统,达到图库双向实时转换更新,开展城市地理信息数据缩编、更新与维护方法及图库一体化工作机制研究,实现系列比例尺地理要素的联动更新与维护。  相似文献   

面向对象的多尺度高分影像建筑物提取方法研究     

刘丹丹  刘江  张玉娟  梅晓丹  赵晓明  朱继文  王明爽  王延亮 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(6):17-20

近年来,随着航空航天事业的高速发展,带动了遥感对地观测技术的进步,为高分影像的获取奠定了基础。作为地物类别中的主要内容和地形图中的重要成图元素,建筑物的识别与提取,直接影响到地物提取的自动化水平。因此,高分辨率遥感影像中建筑物的提取是图像处理领域中的主要研究内容之一。为了提高城市建筑物信息提取精度,本文改进了常规的面向对象方法,以航空遥感影像和SPOT-6影像为对象针对其下垫面结构复杂的特性,采用多尺度分割和多规则结合的方法自动提取建筑物信息,并通过样本区进行了精度验证,将提取的结果与传统分类方法所得到的结果相互比较。研究结果表明,面向对象的多尺度分割对高分影像中建筑物的提取具有较好地效果,KIA精度达到了0.76,为城市建筑物信息提取的应用提供了新思路。  相似文献